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Alder carr

Alder carr, land covered with alders, Norfolk phrase....

Alder

Alder, the first, as alder best is the best of all; alder liefest, the most dear...

Alnetum

Alnetum, a place where alders grow, or a grove of alder trees, Co. Litt. 4 b....

Hundredes earldor, Hundredes man

Hundredes earldor, Hundredes man [alder mannus hundredi], the presiding officer in the hundred Court, Anc. Inst. Eng....

Commercial Court, the name given to a court presided over by a single judge for the trial, as expeditiously as may be, of cases set down in a commercial list at the Royal Courts of Justice. The list was established in 1896 [not by any Rule of the Supreme Court, but by inherent power of the High Court or any Division of it to arrange its business-see Barry v. Peruvian Corporation, (1896) 1 QB 109]-and Mr. Justice Mathew was the first judge. The particular circumstances and the question in issue must be considered in order to decide whether a case should be made a commercial cause, see Insurance Co. v. Carr, 1901 (1) KB 7. See Annual Practice, part vi., 'Commercial Causes,' and Encyclop'dia of the Laws of England....

Convict

Convict, a person found guilty of a crime or offence alleged against him, either by a verdict of a jury or other legal decision. The (English) Forfeiture Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 23), for abolishing forfeitures for treason and felony enables the Crown to appoint administrators of the Property of any convict sentenced to death or penal servitude for any treason or felony. The administrator has an absolute discretionary power of dealing with the convict' property, Carr v. Anderson, (1903) 2 Ch 279....

Felony

Felony [fr. felonie, Fr.; felonia, Lat.; some deduce it fr. Gk., a deceiver, and fallo, Lat., to deceive; Spelman derives it fr. the Teutonic or German fee, a fieu or fiet, and lon, price or value; Coke says, 'Ex vi termini significat quodlibet capitale crimen felleo animo perpetratum,' Co. Litt. 391 a], originally the state of having forfeited lands and goods to the Crown upon conviction for certain offences, and then, by transition, any offence upon conviction for which such forfeiture followed, in addition to any other punishment prescribed by law, as distinguished from misdemeanour, upon conviction for which to forfeiture followed. All indictable offences are either felonies or misdemeanours, but a material part of the distinction is taken away by the Forfeiture Act, 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 23), which abolishes forfeiture for felony, and provides for the administration of the estates of felons while undergoing sentence; see Carr v. Anderson, (1903) 2 Ch 279.The only remaining distin...

National insurance

National insurance. The (English) National Insur-ance Act, 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5, c. 55), introduced by Mr. Lloyd George, established a wide system of compulsory state insurance covering both ill-health and unemployment, which is based upon premiums contributed in part by the employer, in part by the employee, and in part by the State. The Act consisted of three parts, the first dealing with National Health Insurance, the second with Unemployment Insurance, and the third contained miscellaneous provisions. This Act remained the basis of National Health Insurance, although the subject of very extensive amendment, until the National Health Insurance Act, 1924, consolidated the law. The law has been consolidated again by the (English) National Health Insurance Act, 1936 (26 Geo. 5, and 1 Edw. 8, c. 32), amends and repeals the whole of the Acts passed in 1920, 1922, 1924 and 1928. The arrangement is as follows:-Part I. Insured Persons and Contributions.Part II. Benefits.Part III. Approved Soc...

Wear and Tear, Reasonable

Wear and Tear, Reasonable, the waste of substance by the ordinary use of it. This expression commonly occurs in connection with leases, in which the lessee agrees to return the subject-matter of the lease at the end of the lease in the same state as it was at the beginning of it, 'reasonable wear and tear excepted'; as to the meaning of which, see Manchester Bonded Warehouse Co. v. Carr, (1880) 5 CPD at p. 513; Terrell v. Murray, (1901) 17 TLR 570; Miller v. Burt, (1918) 63 Sol Jo 117; Citron v. Cohen, (1920) 36 TLR 560; and cases under LANDLORD AND TENANT. As to the insertion of the exception in a lease made by a tenant for life, see Davies v. Davies, (1888) 38 Ch D 499....

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