Extra Territorial Operations

Extra-territorial operations, the words 'extra-territorial operation' are used, in two different senses as connoting firstly, laws in respect of acts or events which take place inside the State but have operation outside, and secondly, laws with reference to the nationals of a State in respect of their acts outside, that in its former sense, the laws are strictly speaking intra-territorial though loosely termed 'extra-territorial', and that under Art. 245(1) it is within the competence of the Parliament and of the State Legislatures to enact laws with extra territorial operation in the sense. The words 'laws with extra-territorial operation' in Article 245(2) must be understood in their second and strict sense as having reference to the laws of a State for their nationals in respect of acts done outside the State. Otherwise, the provision would be redundant as regards legislation by parliament and inconsistent as regards laws enacted by States, Bengal Immunity Co. Ltd. v. State of Bihar, AIR 1955 SC 681 (750). [Constitution of India, Art. 245(2)]