A Dictionary
Act of Grace
Act of Grace. The Act so termed in Scotland was passed in 1696; it provides for the maintenance of debtors imprisoned by their creditors. It is usually applied in England to general pardons granted at the beginning of a new reign, or on other great occasions....
Act of Indemnity
Act of Indemnity, See INDEMNITY....
Act of Oblivion
Act of Oblivion, 12 Car. 2, c. 11, a general indemnity and legal oblivion of all that had been done amiss in the late interruption of government, but with an exception in the case of certain specified persons; see Hall. Const. History....
Act of Parliament
Act of Parliament, a law made by the sovereign, with the advice and consent of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and the Commons, in Parliament assembled (1 Bl. Com. 85); but, in the case of an Act passed under the provisions of the (English) Parliament Act, 1911, a law made by the sovereign 'by and with the advice and consent of the Commons in this present Parliament assembled in accordance with the provisions of the Parliament Act, 1911, and by authority of the same'; also called a 'statute.'Means a bill passed by two Houses of Parliament and assented to by the President and in the absence of an express provision to the contrary, operative from the date of notification in the Gazette, Handbook for Members of Rajya Sabha, April, 2002.Means an action; a thing done or established; a written law formally passed by the legislative power of a State; a Bill enacted by the legislature into a law, as distinguished from a bill which is in the form of draft of a law or legislative proposal pres...
Act of possession
Act of possession, means a conduct indicating an intent to claim the property in question as one's own; esp., conduct that supports a claim of adverse possession, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 35....
Act of sale
Act of sale, means an official record of a sale of property, esp., a document drawn up by a notary, signed by the parties, and attested by witnesses, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 35....
Act of Settlement
Act of Settlement, 12 & 13 Wm. 3, c. 2 (1700), limiting the Crown, after the death of William III. And Princess (afterwards Queen) Anne, to the Princess Sophia of Hanover, and to the heirs of her body being Protestants. The Act further provided (inter alia) that (i.) the sovereign shall join in the communion with the Church of England as by law established. (ii.) No pardon under the Great Seal of England be pleadable to an impeachment. Ministers were thus prevented from escaping responsibility because the King had pardoned them. (iii.) Judges should hold office quamdiu se bene gesserint (during good behaviour), i.e., not at the King's pleasure, and should be removableupon the address of both Houses of Parliament. Substantially re-enacted by s. 5 of the (English) Judicature Act, 1875 (now repealed), which specifically excepted the Lord Chancellor....
Act of State
Act of State, means not all governmental acts as it does in the French and Continental Systems but only some of them. The term is next used to designate immunities and prohibitions sometimes created by statutes. The term is also extended to include certain prerogatives and special immunities enjoyed by the sovereign and its agents in the business of internal government. the term is even used to indicate all acts into which, by reason that they are official in character, the Courts may not inquire, or in respect of which an official declaration, is bindings on the Courts, State of Saurashrtra v. Meman Haj Ismail, AIR 1959 SC 1383 (1387): (1960) 1 SCR 537.Means acts done against aliens in exercise of sovereign power of the State. The Municipal Courts debarred from entering into the validity of the Act of State, Secretary of State for India in Council v. Kamachee Boyee Sabha, 7 MIA 476. See also Jahangir v. Secretary of State for India, 6 Bom LR 131; Virendra v. State of Uttar Pradesh, 19...
act of state doctrine
act of state doctrine :a court-made doctrine barring U.S. courts from judging the validity of an official act of a foreign country committed within its own borders ...
Act of State doctrine
Act of State doctrine, common law principle that prevents U.S. Courts from questioning the validity of a foreign country's sovereign acts within its own territory; as originally formulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1897, the doctrine provides that Courts of one country will not sit in judgment on the acts of the Government of another done within its own territory, Underhill v. Hernandez, 168 US 250, 252: 18 S. Ct. 83, 84 (1897).Is an act that is intended to create, transfer, or extinguish a right and that is effective in law for that purpose; the exercise of a legal power, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 25....