Us Supreme Court Court January 1997 Judgments
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Adams Vs. Robertson
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-14-1997
Adams v. Robertson - 520 U.S. 83 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus ADAMS ET AL. v. ROBERTSON ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA No. 95-1873. Argued January 14, 1997-Decided March 3,1997 Respondent Robertson filed a class action in Alabama, alleging that respondent Liberty National Life Insurance Company had fraudulently encouraged its customers to exchange existing health insurance policies for new ones with less coverage. The trial court made him class representative and certified the class under the Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure, which do not give class members the right to opt out of a class. It then approved a settlement that precluded class members from individually suing Liberty National for fraud based on its exchange program. Petitioners, who had objected to the settlement in the trial court, appealed, and the State Supreme Court affirmed in an opinion addressing only state-law issues. Certiorari was granted on the question whether the certification a...
Walters Vs. Metropolitan Ed. Enterprises, Inc.
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-14-1997
Walters v. Metropolitan Ed. Enterprises, Inc. - 519 U.S. 202 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus WALTERS v. METROPOLITAN EDUCATIONAL ENTERPRISES, INC., ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT No. 95-259. Argued November 6, 1996-Decided January 14, 1997* In 1990, petitioner Walters was fired by respondent Metropolitan Educational Enterprises, Inc., soon after she filed an employment discrimination charge against it under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Petitioner Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) sued Metropolitan, alleging that the firing violated Title VII's antiretaliation provision. Mter Walters intervened, Metropolitan filed a motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, claiming that it was not an "employer" covered by Title VII because, at the time of the alleged retaliation, it was not "a person ... who has fifteen or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks ...
Atherton Vs. Fdic
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-14-1997
Atherton v. FDIC - 519 U.S. 213 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus ATHERTON v. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, AS RECEIVER FOR CITY SAVINGS, F. S. B. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT No. 95-928. Argued November 4, 1996-Decided January 14, 1997 Mter City Federal Savings Bank, a federally chartered, federally insured savings association, went into receivership, the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC), which has since been replaced as receiver by respondent Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), brought this action in City Federal's name against several of its officers and directors, claiming that they had acted (or failed to act) in ways that led City Federal to make bad loans, and that these actions (or omissions) were unlawful because they amounted to gross negligence, simple negligence, and breaches of fiduciary duty. The defendants moved to dismiss under 12 U. S. C. 1821(k), which states, in relevant part: "A director or of...
Clinton Vs. Jones
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-13-1997
Clinton v. Jones - 520 U.S. 681 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus CLINTON v. JONES CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT No. 95-1853. Argued January 13, 1997-Decided May 27,1997 Respondent sued under 42 U. S. C. 1983 and 1985 and Arkansas law to recover damages from petitioner, the current President of the United States, alleging, inter alia, that while he was Governor of Arkansas, petitioner made "abhorrent" sexual advances to her, and that her rejection of those advances led to punishment by her supervisors in the state job she held at the time. Petitioner promptly advised the Federal District Court that he would file a motion to dismiss on Presidential immunity grounds, and requested that all other pleadings and motions be deferred until the immunity issue was resolved. Mter the court granted that request, petitioner filed a motion to dismiss without prejudice and to toll any applicable statutes of limitation during his Presidency. The ...
Vacco Vs. Quill
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-08-1997
Vacco v. Quill - 521 U.S. 793 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus VACCO, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEW YORK, ET AL. v. QUILL ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT No. 95-1858. Argued January 8, 1997-Decided June 26,1997 In New York, as in most States, it is a crime to aid another to commit or attempt suicide, but patients may refuse even lifesaving medical treatment. Respondent New York physicians assert that, although it would be consistent with the standards of their medical practices to prescribe lethal medication for mentally competent, terminally ill patients who are suffering great pain and desire a doctor's help in taking their own lives, they are deterred from doing so by New York's assisted-suicide ban. They, and three gravely ill patients who have since died, sued the State's Attorney General, claiming that the ban violates the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The Federal District Court disagreed, but the Second Circui...
Washington Vs. Glucksberg
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-08-1997
Washington v. Glucksberg - 521 U.S. 702 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus WASHINGTON ET AL. v. GLUCKSBERG ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 96-110. Argued January 8, 1997-Decided June 26,1997 It has always been a crime to assist a suicide in the State of Washington. The State's present law makes "[p]romoting a suicide attempt" a felony, and provides: "A person is guilty of [that crime] when he knowingly causes or aids another person to attempt suicide." Respondents, four Washington physicians who occasionally treat terminally ill, suffering patients, declare that they would assist these patients in ending their lives if not for the State's assisted-suicide ban. They, along with three gravely ill plaintiffs who have since died and a nonprofit organization that counsels people considering physician-assisted suicide, filed this suit against petitioners, the State and its Attorney General, seeking a declaration that the ban is, on ...
Old Chief Vs. United States
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-07-1997
Old Chief v. United States - 519 U.S. 172 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus OLD CHIEF v. UNITED STATES CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 95-6556. Argued October 16, 1996-Decided January 7, 1997 Mter a fracas involving at least one gunshot, petitioner, Old Chief, was charged with, inter alia, violating 18 U. S. C. 922(g)(I), which prohibits possession of a firearm by anyone with a prior felony conviction. He offered to stipulate to 922(g)(I)'s prior-conviction element, arguing that his offer rendered evidence of the name and nature of his prior offenseassault causing serious bodily injury-inadmissible because its "probative value [was] substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice ... ," Fed. Rule Evid. 403. The Government refused to join the stipulation, however, insisting on its right to present its own evidence of the prior conviction, and the District Court agreed. At trial, the Government introduced the judgment re...
United States Vs. Labonte
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-07-1997
United States v. LaBonte - 520 U.S. 751 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus UNITED STATES v. LABONTE ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT No. 95-1726. Argued January 7, 1997-Decided May 27,1997 Title 28 U. S. C. 994(h) directs the United States Sentencing Commission to "assure" that its Sentencing Guidelines specify a prison sentence "at or near the maximum term authorized for categories of" adult offenders who commit their third felony drug offense or violent crime. The Commission sought to implement this directive in its "Career Offender Guideline," Guidelines Manual 4Bl.l. That Guideline initially failed to designate which "maximum term" a sentencing court should use when federal law establishes a basic statutory maximum for persons convicted of a particular offense, but also provides an enhanced penalty for career offenders convicted of that same offense. The District Court used such an enhancement in sentencing respondents, each of...
United States Vs. Watts
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-06-1997
United States v. Watts - 519 U.S. 148 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus UNITED STATES v. WATTS ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 95-1906. Decided January 6, 1997* Respondent Watts was convicted of possessing cocaine base with intent to distribute, but acquitted of using a firearm in relation to a drug offense. Despite this, the District Court found by a preponderance of the evidence that Watts possessed guns in connection with the drug offense, and therefore added two points to his base offense level when calculating his sentence under the United States Sentencing Guidelines. In a separate case, respondent Putra was convicted of aiding and abetting possession with intent to distribute cocaine on May 8, 1992, but acquitted of aiding and abetting such a transaction on May 9. Finding by a preponderance of the evidence that she had been involved in the May 9 transaction, the District Court calculated her Guidelines'...
Young Vs. Fordice
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Jan-06-1997
Young v. Fordice - 520 U.S. 273 (1997) OCTOBER TERM, 1996 Syllabus YOUNG ET AL. v. FORD ICE ET AL. APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF MISSISSIPPI No.95-2031. Argued January 6, 1997-Decided March 31,1997 The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) requires States to provide simplified systems for registering to vote in federal elections, including a system for voter registration on a driver's license application. Beginning on January 1, 1995, Mississippi attempted to comply with the NVRA, attempting to replace its "Old System" of registration with a "Provisional Plan" that simplified registration procedures for both federal and state elections. The United States Attorney General precleared the Provisional Plan under 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA), which prohibits States with a specified history of voting discrimination from making changes in voting "practices or procedures" that have the purpose or effect of denying or ...
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