Us Supreme Court Court March 1995 Judgments
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Vernonia School Dist. 47j Vs. Acton
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Mar-28-1995
Vernonia School Dist. 47J v. Acton - 515 U.S. 646 (1995) OCTOBER TERM, 1994 Syllabus VERNONIA SCHOOL DISTRICT 47J v. ACTON ET UX., GUARDIANS AD LITEM FOR ACTON CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 94-590. Argued March 28, 1995-Decided June 26,1995 Motivated by the discovery that athletes were leaders in the student drug culture and concern that drug use increases the risk of sports-related injury, petitioner school district (District) adopted the Student Athlete Drug Policy (Policy), which authorizes random urinalysis drug testing of students who participate in its athletics programs. Respondent Acton was denied participation in his school's football program when he and his parents (also respondents) refused to consent to the testing. They then filed this suit, seeking declaratory and injunctive relief on the grounds that the Policy violated the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments and the Oregon Constitution. The District Court denied the cla...
Wilson Vs. Arkansas
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Mar-28-1995
Wilson v. Arkansas - 514 U.S. 927 (1995) OCTOBER TERM, 1994 Syllabus WILSON v. ARKANSAS CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS No. 94-5707. Argued March 28, 1995-Decided May 22,1995 Petitioner was convicted on state-law drug charges after the Arkansas trial court denied her evidence-suppression motion, in which she asserted that the search of her home was invalid because, inter alia, the police had violated the common-law principle requiring them to announce their presence and authority before entering. The State Supreme Court affirmed, rejecting petitioner's argument that the common-law "knock and announce" principle is required by the Fourth Amendment. Held: The common-law knock and announce principle forms a part of the Fourth Amendment reasonableness inquiry. pp. 931-937. (a) An officer's unannounced entry into a home might, in some circumstances, be unreasonable under the Amendment. In evaluating the scope of the constitutional right to be secure in one's house, ...
First Options of Chicago, Inc. Vs. Kaplan
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Mar-22-1995
First Options of Chicago, Inc. v. Kaplan - 514 U.S. 938 (1995) OCTOBER TERM, 1994 Syllabus FIRST OPTIONS OF CHICAGO, INC. v. KAPLAN ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT No. 94-560. Argued March 22, 1995-Decided May 22,1995 This case arose out of disputes centered on a "workout" agreement, embodied in four documents, which governs the "working out" of debts owed by respondents-Manuel Kaplan, his wife, and his wholly owned investment company, MK Investments, Inc. (MKI)-to petitioner First Options of Chicago, Inc., a firm that clears stock trades on the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. When First Options' demands for payment went unsatisfied, it sought arbitration by a stock exchange panel. MKI, which had signed the only workout document containing an arbitration agreement, submitted to arbitration, but the Kaplans, who had not signed that document, filed objections with the panel, denying that their disagreement with First Options was arbitra...
Nebraska Vs. Wyoming
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Mar-21-1995
Nebraska v. Wyoming - 515 U.S. 1 (1995) CASES ADJUDGED IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES AT OCTOBER TERM, 1994 Syllabus NEBRASKA v. WYOMING ET AL. ON EXCEPTIONS TO REPORT OF SPECIAL MASTER No. 108, Orig. Argued March 21, 1995-Decided May 30,1995 A 1945 decree rationing the North Platte River among users in Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado enjoins Colorado and Wyoming from diverting or storing water above prescribed amounts on the river's upper reaches; sets priorities among Wyoming canals that divert water for the use of Nebraska irrigators and federal reservoirs; apportions the natural irrigation-season flows of the river's so-called "pivotal reach" between Nebraska and Wyoming; and authorizes any party to apply to amend the decree for further relief. Nebraska v. Wyoming, 325 U. S. 589 . N ebraska sought such relief in 1986, alleging that Wyoming was threatening its equitable apportionment, primarily by planning water projects on tributaries that have historica...
Carr Vs. Fife
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Mar-04-1995
Carr v. Fife - 156 U.S. 494 (1995) U.S. Supreme Court Carr v. Fife, 156 U.S. 494 (1895) Carr v. Fife No. 215 Submitted January 30, 1895 Decided March 4, 1995 156 U.S. 494 APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON Syllabus It is too late to urge in this Court stipulations between parties not brought to the attention of the court below. The value of the matter in dispute, if not stated in the record, may, for the purpose of jurisdiction, be shown by affidavits. The fact that a circuit judge, prior to his appointment, had been counsel for one of the parties in matters not connected with the case on trial, does not disqualify him from trying the cause. Page 156 U. S. 495 An objection that the receiver took part with the register on the hearing and decision of a case in the land office cannot be taken for the first time in this Court. Taking all the facts together, it is quite clear that the receiver and the register affirmatively fou...
Swint Vs. Chambers County Comm'n
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Mar-01-1995
Swint v. Chambers County Comm'n - 514 U.S. 35 (1995) OCTOBER TERM, 1994 Syllabus SWINT ET AL. v. CHAMBERS COUNTY COMMISSION ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT No. 93-1636. Argued January 10, 1995-Decided March 1, 1995 In the wake of police raids on a nightclub in Chambers County, Alabama, two of the club's owners joined by an employee and a patron (all petitioners here) sued respondent Chambers County Commission, along with a municipality and three individual police officers; petitioners sought damages and other relief under 42 U. S. C. 1983 for alleged civil rights violations. The District Court denied the summary judgment motions of all five defendants, ruling, inter alia, that the individual officers were not entitled to qualified immunity from suit and that the sheriff who authorized the raids, although a state employee, may have been the county's final policymaker for law enforcement. The District Court stated that it would...
Arizona Vs. Evans
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Mar-01-1995
Arizona v. Evans - 514 U.S. 1 (1995) CASES ADJUDGED IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES AT OCTOBER TERM, 1994 Syllabus ARIZONA v. EVANS CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF ARIZONA No. 93-1660. Argued December 7, 1994-Decided March 1, 1995 Respondent was arrested by Phoenix police during a routine traffic stop when a patrol car's computer indicated that there was an outstanding misdemeanor warrant for his arrest. A subsequent search of his car revealed a bag of marijuana, and he was charged with possession. Respondent moved to suppress the marijuana as the fruit of an unlawful arrest, since the misdemeanor warrant had been quashed before his arrest. The trial court granted the motion, but the Court of Appeals reversed on the ground that the exclusionary rule's purpose would not be served by excluding evidence obtained because of an error by employees not directly associated with the arresting officers or their police department. In reversing, the Arizona Supreme Court r...
Rosenberger Vs. Rector and Visitors of Univ. of VA.
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Mar-01-1995
Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of Univ. of Va. - 515 U.S. 819 (1995) OCTOBER TERM, 1994 Syllabus ROSENBERGER ET AL. v. RECTOR AND VISITORS OF UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 94-329. Argued March 1, 1995-Decided June 29,1995 Respondent University of Virginia, a state instrumentality, authorizes payments from its Student Activities Fund (SAF) to outside contractors for the printing costs of a variety of publications issued by student groups called "Contracted Independent Organizations" (CIO's). The SAF receives its money from mandatory student fees and is designed to support a broad range of extracurricular student activities related to the University's educational purpose. CIO's must include in their dealings with third parties and in all written materials a disclaimer stating that they are independent of the University and that the University is not responsible for them. The University withheld autho...
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