Us Supreme Court Court April 1986 Judgments
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Diamond Vs. Charles
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-30-1986
Diamond v. Charles - 476 U.S. 54 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court Diamond v. Charles, 476 U.S. 54 (1986) Diamond v. Charles No. 84-1379 Argued November 5, 1985 Decided April 30, 1986 476 U.S. 54 APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Appellee physicians, who provide abortion services in Illinois, filed a class action in Federal District Court challenging the constitutionality of the Illinois Abortion Law of 1975, as amended, and seeking declaratory and injunctive relief. Appellant pediatrician (hereafter appellant) filed a motion to intervene as a party defendant based on his conscientious objection to abortions and on his status as a pediatrician and as a parent of a minor daughter. The District Court granted the motion without indicating whether the intervention was permissible or as of right. Ultimately, the District Court permanently enjoined the enforcement of certain provisions of the law that impose criminal liability upon physicians...
Turner Vs. Murray
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-30-1986
Turner v. Murray - 476 U.S. 28 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court Turner v. Murray, 476 U.S. 28 (1986) Turner v. Murray No. 84-6646 Argued December 12, 1985 Decided April 30, 1986 476 U.S. 28 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Petitioner, a black man, was indicted in Virginia on charges of capital murder for fatally shooting the white proprietor of a jewelry store in the course of a robbery. During voir dire, the state trial judge refused petitioner's request to question the prospective jurors on racial prejudice. The jury convicted petitioner, and, after a separate sentencing hearing, recommended that he be sentenced to death, a recommendation the trial judge accepted. The Virginia Supreme Court upheld the death sentence, rejecting petitioner's argument that the trial judge deprived him of a fair trial by refusing to question the prospective jurors on racial prejudice. Petitioner then sought habeas corpus relief in Federal District Co...
Batson Vs. Kentucky
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-30-1986
Batson v. Kentucky - 476 U.S. 79 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986) Batson v. Kentucky No. 84-6263 Argued December 12, 1985 Decided April 30, 1986 476 U.S. 79 CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF KENTUCKY Syllabus During the criminal trial in a Kentucky state court of petitioner, a black man, the judge conducted voir dire examination of the jury venire and excused certain jurors for cause. The prosecutor then used his peremptory challenges to strike all four black persons on the venire, and a jury composed only of white persons was selected. Defense counsel moved to discharge the jury on the ground that the prosecutor's removal of the black veniremen violated petitioner's rights under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to a jury drawn from a cross-section of the community, and under the Fourteenth Amendment to equal protection of the laws. Without expressly ruling on petitioner's request for a hearing, the trial judge denied the motion, and the...
Eeoc Vs. Flra
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-29-1986
EEOC v. FLRA - 476 U.S. 19 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court EEOC v. FLRA, 476 U.S. 19 (1986) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Federal Labor Relations Authority No. 84-1728 Argued January 22, 1986 Decided April 29, 1986 476 U.S. 19 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT Syllabus During contract negotiations with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), respondent American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) submitted a proposal that would require the EEOC "to comply with OMB Circular A-76 and other applicable laws and regulations concerning contracting out" by federal agencies. The EEOC refused to bargain over the proposal on the ground that it was nonnegotiable under Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (Act). On AFGE's petition for review, respondent Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA) rejected the EEOC's contentions that (1) because AFGE's proposed contract provision concerned contractin...
Skipper Vs. South Carolina
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-29-1986
Skipper v. South Carolina - 476 U.S. 1 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court Skipper v. South Carolina, 476 U.S. 1 (1986) Skipper v. South Carolina No. 84-6859 Argued February 24, 1986 Decided April 29, 1986 476 U.S. 1 CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF SOUTH CAROLINA Syllabus Petitioner was convicted of capital murder and rape after a jury trial in a South Carolina court. The State sought the death penalty, and a separate sentencing hearing was held before the trial jury. Following the State's introduction of evidence in aggravation of the offense, petitioner presented as mitigating evidence his own testimony and that of his former wife, his mother, his sister, and his grandmother. He then sought to introduce testimony of two jailers and a "regular visitor" to the effect that he had "made a good adjustment" during the 7 1/2 months he had spent in jail between his arrest and trial. The trial court ruled such evidence irrelevant and inadmissible, and petitioner was sentenced to death. Th...
MclaughlIn Vs. United States
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-29-1986
McLaughlin v. United States - 476 U.S. 16 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court McLaughlin v. United States, 476 U.S. 16 (1986) McLaughlin v. United States No. 85-5189 Argued March 31, 1986 Decided April 29, 1986 476 U.S. 16 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT Syllabus On the basis of his display of an unloaded handgun in the course of a bank robbery, petitioner was convicted under 18 U.S.C. 2113(d), which provides an enhanced penalty for assault by use of a "dangerous weapon" during a bank robbery. Held: An unloaded handgun is a "dangerous weapon" within the meaning of 2113(d). Pp. 476 U. S. 17 -18. Affirmed . STEVENS, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court. JUSTICE STEVENS delivered the opinion of the Court. The question presented is whether an unloaded handgun is a "dangerous weapon" within the meaning of the federal bank robbery statute. At about 9:30 a.m. on July 26, 1984, petitioner and a companion, both wearing stocking mas...
Aetna Life Ins. Co. Vs. Lavoie
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-22-1986
Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Lavoie - 475 U.S. 813 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Lavoie, 475 U.S. 813 (1986) Aetna Life Insurance Co. v. Lavoie No. 84-1601 Argued December 4, 1985 Decided April 22, 1986 475 U.S. 813 APPEAL FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF ALABAMA Syllabus When appellant insurer refused to pay the full amount of a hospital bill incurred by appellees, they brought suit in an Alabama state court, seeking both payment of the full amount and punitive damages for appellant's alleged bad-faith refusal to pay a valid claim. The jury awarded $3.5 million in punitive damages. The Alabama Supreme Court affirmed, 5 to 4, in a per curiam opinion written by Justice Embry. Appellant then filed an application for rehearing, and, before the application was acted on, learned that, while the case was pending before the Alabama Supreme Court, Justice Embry had filed two actions in an Alabama court against insurance companies alleging bad-faith failure to pay claims and se...
New York Vs. P. J. Video, Inc.
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-22-1986
New York v. P. J. Video, Inc. - 475 U.S. 868 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court New York v. P. J. Video, Inc., 475 U.S. 868 (1986) New York v. P. J. Video, Inc. No. 85-363 Argued March 4, 1986 Decided April 22, 1986 475 U.S. 868 CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NEW YORK Syllabus Following an investigation by the Erie County, N.Y. District Attorney's Office, an investigator viewed videocassette movies that had been rented from respondents' store by a member of the County Sheriff's Department. The investigator then executed affidavits summarizing the theme of, and conduct depicted in, each movie. These affidavits were attached to an application for a warrant to search respondents' store, and a New York Supreme Court Justice issued the warrant authorizing the search and the seizure of the movies. The warrant was executed, and the movies were seized. Respondents were charged in a New York Justice Court with violating the New York obscenity statute, and moved to suppress the seized m...
Sorenson Vs. Secretary of Treasury
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-22-1986
Sorenson v. Secretary of Treasury - 475 U.S. 851 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court Sorenson v. Secretary of Treasury, 475 U.S. 851 (1986) Sorenson v. Secretary of the Treasury No. 84-1686 Argued January 15, 1986 Decided April 22, 1986 475 U.S. 851 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT Syllabus The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) allows an individual responsible for the support of a child living with him a credit against income taxes due equal to a certain percentage of so much of earned income as does not exceed a specified amount. If the credit exceeds tax liability, the excess is considered "an overpayment" of tax under IRC 6401(b). Section 6402(a) provides for a refund of "any overpayment" to the person who made it. Section 6402(c) requires the amount of "any overpayment" to be reduced by the amount of any past-due child support payments assigned to a State. Section 464 of the Social Security Act (SSA) directs the Secretary of the Treasury to "inter...
United States Vs. Amer. Coll. of Physicians
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Apr-22-1986
United States v. Amer. Coll. of Physicians - 475 U.S. 834 (1986) U.S. Supreme Court United States v. Amer. Coll. of Physicians, 475 U.S. 834 (1986) United States v. American College of Physicians No. 84-1737 Argued January 21, 1986 Decided April 22, 1986 475 U.S. 834 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT Syllabus Section 511(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code imposes a tax on the "unrelated business taxable income" of tax-exempt organizations. Section 512(a)(1) defines "unrelated business taxable income" as the gross income derived by such an organization from any "unrelated trade or business . . . regularly carried on by it," and 513(a) defines "unrelated trade or business" as "any trade or business the conduct of which is not substantially related" to the organization's tax-exempt purposes. Respondent tax-exempt organization, in furtherance of its exempt purposes of maintaining high standards in medical education and practice, encouragi...
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