Us Supreme Court Court February 1985 Judgments
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Naacp Vs. Hampton County
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-27-1985
NAACP v. Hampton County - 470 U.S. 166 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court NAACP v. Hampton County, 470 U.S. 166 (1985) NAACP v. Hampton County Election Commission No. 83-1015 Argued November 28, 1984 Decided February 27, 1985 470 U.S. 166 APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA Syllabus Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act provides that covered States or political subdivisions may not implement any election practices different from those in force on November 1, 1964, without first obtaining approval from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or, alternatively, from the Attorney General. As of November 1, 1964, the public schools of Hampton County, South Carolina, a covered jurisdiction, were governed by an appointed County Board of Education and an elected Superintendent of Education. The county consists of two School Districts, one where the vast majority of white students live and the other predominantly black. Each Dis...
Chem. Mfrs. Ass'n Vs. NRDC
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-27-1985
Chem. Mfrs. Ass'n v. NRDC - 470 U.S. 116 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court Chem. Mfrs. Ass'n v. NRDC, 470 U.S. 116 (1985) Chemical Manufacturers Association v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. No. 83-1013. Argued November 6, 1984 Decided February 27, 1985 * 470 U.S. 116 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT Syllabus Under the Clean Water Act (Act), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to promulgate regulations establishing categories of pollution sources and setting effluent limitations for those categories. Because of the difficulties involved in collecting adequate information to promulgate regulations, EPA has developed a "fundamentally different factor" (FDF) variance as a mechanism for ensuring that its necessarily rough-hewn categories of sources do not unfairly burden atypical dischargers of waste. Any interested party may seek an FDF variance to make effluent limitations either more or less stringent if the standard...
Heckler Vs. Turner
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-27-1985
Heckler v. Turner - 470 U.S. 184 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court Heckler v. Turner, 470 U.S. 184 (1985) Heckler v. Turner No. 83-1097 Argued October 9, 1984 Decided February 27, 1985 470 U.S. 184 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Section 402(a)(7)(A) of the Social Security Act (Act) provides that the responsible agency of a State participating in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program must, in determining a family's need, take into consideration "any other income and resources" of the family. Before 1981, 402(a)(7) also required the state agency to consider any "expenses reasonably attributable to the earning of any such income," and under such provision virtually all States deducted mandatory payroll-tax withholdings in determining "income." In 1981, the Act was amended by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) so as to (1) eliminate the requirement of 402(a)(7) that the State consider expenses "reasonably...
United States Vs. Louisiana
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-26-1985
United States v. Louisiana - 470 U.S. 93 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court United States v. Louisiana, 470 U.S. 93 (1985) United States v. Louisiana (Alabama and Mississippi Boundary Case) No. 9, Orig. Argued November 26, 1984 Decided February 26, 1985 470 U.S. 93 ON EXCEPTIONS TO REPORT OF SPECIAL MASTER Syllabus This case involves the issue whether Mississippi Sound, a body of water immediately south of the mainland of Alabama and Mississippi, consists of inland waters, so as to establish in those States, rather than in the United States, ownership of the lands submerged under the Sound. Following extended proceedings, the Special Master filed a Report in which he concluded, inter alia, that the whole of Mississippi Sound qualifies as a historic bay under the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone (Convention), and thus constitutes inland waters. Accordingly, he recommended that a decree be entered in favor of Alabama and Mississippi. The United States filed ...
United States Vs. Young
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-20-1985
United States v. Young - 470 U.S. 1 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1 (1985) United States v. Young No. 83-469 Argued October 2, 1984 Decided February 20, 1985 470 U.S. 1 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Respondent was charged with various federal offenses involving a scheme to defraud a refinery by submitting false certifications that oil purchased by the refinery from respondent's company was crude oil when in fact it was less valuable fuel oil. At the trial in District Court, defense counsel in his closing argument impugned the prosecutor's integrity and charged that the prosecutor did not believe in the Government's case. No objection to defense counsel's summation was made at the time, but in rebuttal arguments, the prosecutor stated his opinion that respondent was guilty and urged the jury to "do its job"; defense counsel made no objection. Respondent was convicted on several counts, and on appe...
Shea Vs. Louisiana
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-20-1985
Shea v. Louisiana - 470 U.S. 51 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court Shea v. Louisiana, 470 U.S. 51 (1985) Shea v. Louisiana No. 82-5920 Argued November 7, 1984 Decided February 20, 1985 470 U.S. 51 CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA Syllabus After petitioner was arrested on armed robbery charges in Louisiana, he was taken to the police station for questioning by detectives. Upon being read his Miranda rights, he said that he did not wish to make any statement until he saw a lawyer, and the interview was then terminated. But the next day, before petitioner had communicated with a lawyer, one of the same detectives, without inquiring whether petitioner had spoken with an attorney and without any indication from petitioner that he was willing to be interrogated, asked if he was willing to talk about the case. After Miranda rights were again read to petitioner, he orally confessed that he had committed the robberies. Over petitioner's objections, the confession was admitted ...
United States Vs. Dann
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-20-1985
United States v. Dann - 470 U.S. 39 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court United States v. Dann, 470 U.S. 39 (1985) United States v. Dann No. 83-1476 Argued November 5, 1984 Decided February 20, 1985 470 U.S. 39 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT Syllabus In 1951, the Shoshone Tribe sought compensation for the loss of aboriginal title to lands in several Western States. The Indian Claims Commission (Commission) entered an interlocutory order holding that aboriginal title had been extinguished and later awarded $26 million in compensation. The Court of Claims affirmed, and the award was certified to the General Accounting Office. Pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 724a (1976 ed., Supp. V), this certification automatically appropriated the amount of the award, which was then deposited for the Tribe in an interest-bearing trust account in the United States Treasury. The Secretary of the Interior is required by statute, after consulting with the Tribe, to submit to ...
Garcia Vs. San Antonio Transit Auth.
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-19-1985
Garcia v. San Antonio Transit Auth. - 469 U.S. 528 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court Garcia v. San Antonio Transit Auth., 469 U.S. 528 (1985) Garcia v. San Antonio Transit Authority No. 82-1913 Argued March 19, 1984 Reargued October 1, 1984 Decided February 19, 1985 * 469 U.S. 528 APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS Syllabus Appellee San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (SAMTA) is a public mass transit authority that is the major provider of transportation in the San Antonio, Tex., metropolitan area. It has received substantial federal financial assistance under the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964. In 1979, the Wage and Hour Administration of the Department of Labor issued an opinion that SAMTA's operations are not immune from the minimum wage and overtime requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) under National League of Cities v. Usery, 426 U. S. 833 , in which it was held that the Commerce Clause does not empo...
United States Vs. Maine
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-19-1985
United States v. Maine - 469 U.S. 504 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court United States v. Maine, 469 U.S. 504 (1985) United States v. Maine (Rhode Island and New York Boundary Case) No. 35, Orig. Argued November 26, 1984 Decided February 19, 1985 469 U.S. 504 ON EXCEPTIONS TO REPORT OF SPECIAL MASTER Syllabus The United States brought this action against the 13 States that border the Atlantic Ocean to determine whether the United States had exclusive rights to the seabed and subsoil underlying the ocean beyond three geographical miles from each State's coastline. In due course, this Court concluded that the States held interests in the seabeds only to a distance of three geographical miles from their respective coastlines, but did not fix the precise coastline of any of the States. After the United States filed a motion for supplementary proceedings to determine the exact coastline of Rhode Island, a Special Master was appointed, and he subsequently permitted New York to participate...
Nlrb Vs. Action Automotive, Inc.
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Feb-19-1985
NLRB v. Action Automotive, Inc. - 469 U.S. 490 (1985) U.S. Supreme Court NLRB v. Action Automotive, Inc., 469 U.S. 490 (1985) National Labor Relations Board v. Action Automotive, Inc. No. 83-1416 Argued October 29, 1984 Decided February 19, 1985 469 U.S. 490 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Respondent, a retail automobile parts and gasoline dealer, is a closely held corporation owned equally by three brothers, who serve as officers and are actively involved in running the business. In 1981, a union filed with the National Labor Relations Board a petition requesting that a representation election be held among respondent's employees. Thereafter, an election was held and the union received a plurality of the votes, but enough ballots were challenged on each side to place the outcome in doubt. Among the ballots challenged by the union were those of one owner's wife, who works as a clerk at the same location as her husband and occa...
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