Us Supreme Court Court December 1981 Judgments
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Harris Vs. Rivera
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-14-1981
Harris v. Rivera - 454 U.S. 339 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Harris v. Rivera, 454 U.S. 339 (1981) Harris v. Rivera No. 81-17 Decided December 14, 1981 454 U.S. 339 ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT Syllabus A New York trial judge, sitting without a jury, convicted respondent and his wife but acquitted their codefendant on charges arising out of a robbery, notwithstanding if the judge had credited the testimony of the prosecution's main witness (the victim), he presumably would have convicted all three defendants or, conversely, if he had credited the testimony of the only defense witness (the codefendant), he presumably would have acquitted all three. Respondent's conviction was affirmed on appeal. His subsequent application in Federal District Court for a writ of habeas corpus was denied. On appeal, the Court of Appeals held that the New York trial judge had committed constitutional error because he had not explain...
Citizens Against Rent Control Vs. City of Berkeley
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-14-1981
Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley - 454 U.S. 290 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley, 454 U.S. 290 (1981) Citizens Against Rent Control/Coalition for Fair Housing v. City of Berkeley, California No. 80-737 Argued October 14, 1981 Decided December 14, 1981 454 U.S. 290 APPEAL FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA Syllabus A Berkeley, Cal., ordinance places a limitation of $250 on contributions to committees formed to support or oppose ballot measures submitted to a popular vote. When appellant association, which was formed to oppose a ballot measure imposing rent control in the city, accepted some contributions exceeding the $250 limit, appellee Berkeley Fair Campaign Practices Commission ordered the association to pay the excess into the city treasury. The association then brought suit in California Superior Court seeking injunctive relief against enforcement of the ordinance, and that court subsequently granted summary...
Polk County Vs. Dodson
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-14-1981
Polk County v. Dodson - 454 U.S. 312 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Polk County v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312 (1981) Polk County v. Dodson No. 80-824 Argued October 13, 1981 Decided December 14, 1981 454 U.S. 312 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Respondent brought suit in Federal District Court under 42 U.S.C. 1983 against petitioners Polk County, its Offender Advocate, its Board of Supervisors, and Martha Shepard, an attorney in the Offender Advocate's Office. As the factual basis for his lawsuit, respondent alleged that Shepard, who had been assigned to represent him in an appeal of a criminal conviction to the Iowa Supreme Court, failed to represent him adequately, since she had moved for permission to withdraw as counsel on the ground that respondent's claims were legally frivolous. The Iowa Supreme Court granted Shepard's motion and dismissed respondent's appeal. In the District Court, respondent alleged that Shepard's actions viol...
Clements Vs. Logan
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-09-1981
Clements v. Logan - 454 U.S. 1304 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Clements v. Logan, 454 U.S. 1304 (1981) Clements v. Logan No. A-480 Decided December 9, 1981 454 U.S. 1304 ON REAPPLICATION FOR STAY Syllabus The Court of Appeals' mandate -- holding unconstitutional a policy of conducting routine strip-searches of all persons held at the Arlington County, Va., Detention Center, and remanding the case to the District Court for further proceedings -- is stayed temporarily, pending consideration of the reapplication for a stay by the full Court. While the burden on an applicant for a stay to demonstrate the need for exercise of a Circuit Justice's equitable power is heavier if (as here) the request for a stay has previously been denied by another Member of this Court, the issues involved in this case warrant the full Court's consideration. There is substantial likelihood that the full Court will grant a stay pending disposition of a petition for certiorari, in view of the Court of Appe...
Widmar Vs. Vincent
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-08-1981
Widmar v. Vincent - 454 U.S. 263 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Widmar v. Vincent, 454 U.S. 263 (1981) Widmar v. Vincent No. 80-689 Argued October 6, 1981 Decided December 8, 1981 454 U.S. 263 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT Syllabus The University of Missouri at Kansas City, a state university, makes its facilities generally available for the activities of registered student groups. A registered student religious group that had previously received permission to conduct its meetings in University facilities was informed that it could no longer do so because of a University regulation prohibiting the use of University buildings or grounds "for purposes of religious worship or religious teaching." Members of the group then brought suit in Federal District Court, alleging that the regulation violated, inter alia, their rights to free exercise of religion and freedom of speech under the First Amendment. The District Court upheld the regulati...
Piper Aircraft Co. Vs. Reyno
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-08-1981
Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno - 454 U.S. 235 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno, 454 U.S. 235 (1981) Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno No. 8048 Argued October 14, 1981 Decided December 8, 1981 * 454 U.S. 235 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT Syllabus Respondent, as representative of the estates of several citizens and residents of Scotland who were killed in an airplane crash in Scotland during a charter flight, instituted wrongful death litigation in a California state court against petitioners, which are the company that manufactured the plane in Pennsylvania and the company that manufactured the plane's propellers in Ohio. At the time of the crash, the plane was registered in Great Britain and was owned and operated by companies organized in the United Kingdom. The pilot and all of the decedents' heirs and next of kin were Scottish subjects and citizens, and the investigation of the accident was conducted by British author...
Nlrb Vs. Hendricks County Rural Elec.
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-02-1981
NLRB v. Hendricks County Rural Elec. - 454 U.S. 170 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court NLRB v. Hendricks County Rural Elec., 454 U.S. 170 (1981) National Labor Relations Board v. Hendricks County Rural Electric Membership Corp. No. 8885 Argued October 5, 1981 Decided December 2, 1981 * 454 U.S. 170 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Held: There is a reasonable basis in law for the practice of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) of excluding from collective bargaining units only those confidential employees with a "labor nexus," while rejecting any claim that all employees with access to confidential information are beyond the reach of the definition of "employee" in 2(3) of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). Pp. 454 U. S. 177 -192. (a) There is nothing in the Taft-Hartley Act's legislative history to support any inference, let alone conclusion, that Congress intended to alter, or disapproved, the NLRB's determination ...
Ralston Vs. Robinson
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-02-1981
Ralston v. Robinson - 454 U.S. 201 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Ralston v. Robinson, 454 U.S. 201 (1981) Ralston v. Robinson No. 80 2049 Argued October 5, 1981 Decided December 2, 1981 454 U.S. 201 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Respondent, when 17 years old, pleaded guilty to second-degree murder and was sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment under the Federal Youth Corrections Act (YCA), 18 U.S.C. 5010(c). Subsequently, while incarcerated, he was found guilty of assaulting a federal officer, and the District Court imposed an adult sentence to be served consecutively to the YCA sentence, finding that respondent would not benefit from any further treatment under the YCA. Later, while still incarcerated, respondent pleaded guilty to another charge of assaulting a federal officer, and the District Court sentenced him to a further adult sentence to be served consecutively to the sentence he was then serving. The Bureau of Prisons t...
Watt Vs. Energy Action Educ. Foundation
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-01-1981
Watt v. Energy Action Educ. Foundation - 454 U.S. 151 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Watt v. Energy Action Educ. Foundation, 454 U.S. 151 (1981) Watt v. Energy Action Education Foundation No. 80-1464 Argued October 5, 1981 Decided December 1, 1981 454 U.S. 151 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT Syllabus Under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act of 1953 (Act), the Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) is authorized to lease tracts of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) for the exploration for, and development of, mineral resources, including oil and gas. As originally passed, the Act authorized the Secretary, in his discretion, to solicit bids either by fixing a royalty rate of not less than 12 1/2%, and requiring bids on an initial "cash bonus" to be paid when the lease was awarded, or by fixing the amount of the cash bonus, and requiring bids on the royalty rate. In practice, virtually all tracts were leased on the basis of a f...
Fair Assessment in Real Estate Assn. Vs. Mcnary
Court: US Supreme Court
Decided on: Dec-01-1981
Fair Assessment in Real Estate Assn. v. McNary - 454 U.S. 100 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Fair Assessment in Real Estate Assn. v. McNary, 454 U.S. 100 (1981) Fair Assessment in Real Estate Assn. v. McNary No. 80-427 Argued October 5, 1981 Decided December 1, 1981 454 U.S. 100 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Held: The principle of comity bars taxpayers' damages actions brought in federal courts under 42 U.S.C. 1983 to redress the allegedly unconstitutional administration of a state tax system. Because the principle of comity bars federal courts from granting damages relief in such cases, it is not necessary to decide whether the Tax Injunction Act, standing alone, would bar such actions. Pp. 454 U. S. 107 -117. (a) Prior to enactment in 1937 of the Tax Injunction Act -- which prohibits district courts from enjoining, suspending, or restraining the assessment, levy, or collection of any state tax where a plain, speedy, and e...
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