Hayes Vs. Pratt

Decided On : Mar-06-1893

Court : US Supreme Court

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 Hayes v. Pratt - 147 U.S. 557 (1893)
 
<br/>
<span>

 U.S. Supreme Court
 

 Hayes v. Pratt, 147 U.S. 557 (1893)
 
</span>

<p>
<b>
 Hayes v. Pratt
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 No. 19
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 Argued March 25, 1892
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 Decided March 6, 1893
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 147 U.S. 557
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
</b>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED
 </em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 STATES FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
 </em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 Syllabus
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 A citizen of Pennsylvania, born in New Jersey, devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate, real and personal, consisting mostly of property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, with some real estate in New Jersey, to his executors in trust to sell and invest at their discretion,
 </p>
<p>
 "and to appropriate and use the principal or income thereof for the purpose of founding and supporting, or uniting in the support of any institution that may be then founded, to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics,"
 </p>
<p>
 and appointed as his executors H, a citizen of New Jersey, and W, a citizen of Pennsylvania, "and in the event of the death of either or both of them, first, P, and next, N, to supply vacancy." W took out letters testamentary in Pennsylvania, and there administered the property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, and, with the approval of a Pennsylvania court, appropriated it to found a home for such mechanics, incorporated by the Legislature of Pennsylvania to carry out the testator's charitable intention. H took out letters testamentary in New Jersey and took care of the real estate there, and died having done nothing beyond obtaining the opinion of counsel that the executors would be authorized, in their discretion, to provide a bed for such mechanics in a hospital, incorporated in New Jersey, for "the care, nurture, and maintenance of sick, infirm, aged and indigent persons, and of orphan and destitute children," and whose bylaws provided that patients in a condition to be discharged, or whose disease was incurable, should not remain in the hospital, and that those able to pay for their maintenance should do so. After the deaths of H and W, a son of H took out letters of administration with the will annexed of the unadministered goods, chattels and effects of the original testator in New Jersey, and after having assured P that he would not dispose of the real estate in New Jersey without giving him an opportunity to show that the Pennsylvania corporation was entitled to it, sold it, and, without any order of court and without P's knowledge or consent, paid the proceeds to the New Jersey corporation, taking a bond of indemnity.
 <em>
 Held
 </em>
 that P, on taking out letters testamentary in Pennsylvania, was entitled, as executor, and upon filing a copy of those letters, to maintain a bill in equity against the New Jersey administrator in the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey to recover those proceeds, with interest and costs.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="558">
 Page 147 U. S. 558
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 This was a bill in equity filed August 11, 1884, in the Court of Chancery of the State of New Jersey by Dundas T. Pratt, a citizen of Pennsylvania, describing himself as "succeeding executor of the last will and testament of George Hayes, late of the City and County of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, deceased," and by the Hayes Mechanics' Home, a corporation organized under the laws of Pennsylvania and established at Philadelphia, against Henry Hayes, a citizen of New Jersey, administrator of George Hayes, for an account of property of the deceased received by him, amounting to more than $5,000, and for payment thereof to either of the plaintiffs, as the court might direct.
 </p>
<p>
 The case was duly removed upon the defendant's petition into the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey, and was there, after an answer and a general replication had been filed, heard upon pleadings and proofs, by which it appeared to be as follows:
 </p>
<p>
 George Hayes was a jeweler, was born in Newark, in the State of New Jersey, in 1815, and there lived until 1847, when he removed to Philadelphia, and became interested in and identified with the mechanics of that city, and resided and did business there until June 1, 1857, when he died, leaving a dwelling house and personal estate in Philadelphia, real estate in Michigan, and an interest in real estate in Newark, on which he had lived and carried on his business before his removal to Philadelphia, and a will, dated June 16, 1855, duly executed and published according to the laws of Pennsylvania and of New Jersey by which, after payment of debts and legacies, he provided as follows:
 </p>
<p>
 "Item. As to the rest, residue, and remainder of my estate, both real and personal, and of every nature and kind whatsoever, I give, devise, and bequeath the same to my executors hereinafter named, their heirs, executors, and administrators forever in trust to realize the same in the manner deemed by them the most advisable, and keep the same invested in such manner as they, in their discretion, may deem most advantageous, and to appropriate and use the income or principal thereof for the purpose of founding and supporting, or uniting
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="559">
 Page 147 U. S. 559
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 in the support of any institution that may be then founded to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics."
 </p>
<p>
 "Item. To better enable my said executors to carry out and perfect my intentions as expressed in the last foregoing item, I authorize and empower them to sell all or any of my real estate, either at public or private sale, either for cash or part cash, and reserving ground rent or taking mortgage for the purchase money, as the case may be, without any liability of the purchaser or purchasers thereof as to the application or misapplication of the purchase or consideration moneys."
 </p>
<p>
 "Lastly I nominate, constitute, and appoint my brother, Jabez W. Hayes, and my friend, Dr. Lewis E. Wells, and, in the event of the death of either or both of them, then I appoint, first, Dundas Pratt, and next my brother-in-law, Horace H. Nichols, to supply vacancy, to be the executors of this, my will."
 </p>
<p>
 Dundas Pratt, named in the will, was Dundas T. Pratt, one of the original plaintiffs and present appellees. It does not appear that Nichols ever did anything in regard to this trust.
 </p>
<p>
 Lewis E. Wells resided in Philadelphia, and proved the will, and was appointed and qualified as executor thereof in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia on June 20, 1857, and, with the knowledge of Jabez W. Hayes, took care of the property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes resided in Newark and proved the will, and was appointed and qualified as executor thereof in the Orphans' Court of Essex County, in New Jersey, on August 4, 1857, and, with the knowledge of Wells, took care of the property in New Jersey.
 </p>
<p>
 On June 21, 1858, Wells and Pratt, together with Ferdinand J. Dreer, the former partner of the testator, and other citizens of Pennsylvania, were duly incorporated, under the general laws of Pennsylvania, as the Hayes Mechanics' Home, with the object of "the founding and providing of a retreat and home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics." Dreer was President, and Pratt secretary, of the
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="560">
 Page 147 U. S. 560
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 corporation from the beginning, and Wells was treasurer of the corporation from its organization until 1873, when he was removed, and another treasurer chosen, and Pratt afterwards became treasurer.
 </p>
<p>
 On March 16, 1861, the Legislature of Pennsylvania, at the instance of Wells, as acting executor, passed an act reciting that the Hayes Mechanics' Home had been incorporated, as aforesaid,
 </p>
<p>
 "for the purpose of founding a home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics, and with the intention of carrying into effect the charitable objects provided for by the last will and testament of George Hayes, deceased, late of the City of Philadelphia,"
 </p>
<p>
 ratifying and confirming its charter and empowering it to take and hold the property devised and bequeathed by George Hayes as aforesaid. Penn.Laws of 1861, No. 117, p. 132.
 </p>
<p>
 Wells paid all the testator's debts and legacies, and in 1864 settled in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia the account of his administration of the property in Pennsylvania, and paid to the Hayes Mechanics' Home the balance of the personal estate in his hands, amounting to $13,789, and also, in obedience to an order of that court, upon the petition of the corporation, stating that settlement and payment, the provision of the will, the charter of the corporation, and the act of the legislature, conveyed to that corporation the land in Pennsylvania, valued by an examiner of that court at $12,000, and the land in Michigan, valued at $17,000. The property so received and the proceeds of sales thereof were afterwards invested so that, besides paying $10,000 in 1859 for a tract of sixteen acres of land as a site for a building, they amounted in May, 1884, including $11,500 received from other persons, to $92,000. The building was actually begun a few months after the filing of this bill.
 </p>
<p>
 Wells died in 1876, never having done anything about the real estate in New Jersey, although he knew of its existence.
 </p>
<p>
 There was in the City of Newark an institution called the "Hospital of St. Barnabas," incorporated by an Act of the Legislature of New Jersey of February 13, 1867, c. 32, which provided that the object of the corporation should be
 </p>
<p>
 "the care,
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="561">
 Page 147 U. S. 561
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 nurture, and maintenance of sick, infirm, aged, and indigent persons, and of orphan, half orphan, and destitute children, the providing for their temporal and spiritual welfare, and the procuring or erecting a suitable building or buildings,"
 </p>
<p>
 and that its members and trustees should be members of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and the moral and religious instruction of the inmates should be in conformity with the doctrine, discipline, and worship of that church. New Jersey Acts of 1867, p. 51. Its bylaws and rules provided that patients in a condition to be discharged, or whose disease was incurable, should not remain in the hospital, and that all persons able to pay for their maintenance should do so.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes often told his sons that he intended to devote the principal and income of the testator's property in Newark to the support of this hospital, and in 1870, and again in 1876, obtained the opinion of counsel that under the provisions of the will of George Hayes, the executors would be authorized, in their discretion, to provide a permanent bed in this hospital for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics. But he took no other steps in that direction, and died in January, 1882, without having rendered any account of his administration.
 </p>
<p>
 On December 12, 1882, the Orphans' Court of the County of Essex and State of New Jersey passed an order reciting the probate of the will of George Hayes in that court, and that
 </p>
<p>
 "Jabez W. Hayes, after having taken upon himself the execution of said will in this state, has departed this life, that due notice has been given of this application to Dundas Pratt, the only other surviving executor named in the will, and to all other parties in interest,"
 </p>
<p>
 and appointing
 </p>
<p>
 "Henry Hayes administrator of, all and singular, the goods, chattels, and credits of the said George Hayes, deceased, in the State of New Jersey, left unadministered by Jabez W. Hayes, deceased, who is duly authorized to administer the same agreeably to said will."
 </p>
<p>
 Before this appointment, and after Pratt had received notice of the application therefor, a correspondence took place between him and Henry Hayes, in which Pratt, while acquiescing
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="562">
 Page 147 U. S. 562
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 in the appointment, insisted that the testator's interest in the land in New Jersey (the existence of which had become known to him only since the death of Jabez W. Hayes) should go to the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and Henry Hayes expressed a wish that it should be applied, as his father had hoped, to a bed for mechanics in the hospital at Newark. On June 25, 1883, Henry Hayes, in answer to a letter from Pratt about the sale of this interest of the testator, wrote to him that he would not, of course, make any disposition of the money but a legal one, and that he would not dispose of it in any way without giving Pratt an opportunity to show that the Hayes Mechanics' Home was the only institution entitled to it.
 </p>
<p>
 Henry Hayes soon afterwards sold this property, and received money from the sale, and from previous income thereof, and in October, 1884, made an offer to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, which that corporation accepted, to appropriate to its use the greater part of this money, and on January 8, 1884, settled his account in said orphans' court, showing a balance in his hands of $5,153.27, and declined to pay it to Pratt, as executor of George Hayes, or as treasurer of the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and in March, 1884, without any order of court, and without Pratt's knowledge or consent, paid this balance to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, informing it of Pratt's claim, and taking from it a bond of indemnity, secured by a mortgage on real estate, and the board of trustees of that corporation, on March 17, 1884,
 </p>
<p>
 "resolved that the Hospital of St. Barnabas consents to receive said fund, and it hereby agrees to use such fund solely for the purpose of furnishing a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics, in accordance with the will of the late George Hayes,"
 </p>
<p>
 and, on July 1, 1885, having meanwhile completed a new hospital building,
 </p>
<p>
 "resolved that a suitable part of the building be fitted up with two beds, to be devoted especially to the purposes mentioned by the testator, and that a tablet be placed upon the walls as an indication of these uses, and a memorial of the donor of the fund. "
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="563">
 Page 147 U. S. 563
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 On May 10, 1884, in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia, as appeared by an exemplified copy of the record of the appointment filed with the bill in this case,
 </p>
<p>
 "Jabez W. Hayes and Lewis E. Wells, two of the executors named in said will, being dead, letters testamentary were duly granted unto Dundas T. Pratt, surviving executor,"
 </p>
<p>
 and Pratt was duly qualified "as the succeeding executor of the foregoing last will and testament of George Hayes, deceased." At that time, there was no estate of the testator which had not been duly administered except so far as the property in New Jersey could be so considered, and Pratt testified that his only object in being appointed was to sue for and recover that property; that he supposed that the Hayes Mechanics' Home could itself pursue that fund, but was advised that he, as executor, should claim it.
 </p>
<p>
 The circuit court
 </p>
<p>
 "ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the respondent, Henry Hayes, administrator of the estate of George Hayes in the State of New Jersey, pay to the complainant Dundas T. Pratt, treasurer of the Hayes Mechanics' Home, a corporation of the State of Pennsylvania, and for and in behalf of said corporation, the sum of $5,153.27, with interest from January 10, 1884, being the balance in his hands, as administrator aforesaid, on settlement of his account in the Orphans' Court of Essex County, New Jersey,"
 </p>
<p>
 with costs.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="566">
 Page 147 U. S. 566
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 MR. JUSTICE GRAY, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the Court.
 </p>
<p>
 George Hayes, by his will, devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate, real and personal, to his executors, in trust to sell and invest at their discretion,
 </p>
<p>
 "and to appropriate and use the principal or income thereof, for the purpose of
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="567">
 Page 147 U. S. 567
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 founding and supporting, or uniting in the support of any institution that may be then founded, to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics."
 </p>
<p>
 The primary, if not the only, intention of the testator evidently was that his bounty should go to a single institution, "a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics," either by founding as well as supporting a new institution or by aiding in the support of one founded by others. The validity of the charitable trust is undoubted, notwithstanding that the trustees might appropriate the fund to an institution established after the testator's death.
 <em>
 Jones v. Habersham,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/84586/jones-vs-habersham">
 107 U. S. 174
 </a>
</span>
 ,
 <span>
<a href="/case/84586/jones-vs-habersham#191">
 107 U. S. 191
 </a>
</span>
 ;
 <em>
 Curran's Appeal,
 </em>
 4 Penny. 331;
 <em>
 Taylor v. College,
 </em>
 34 N.J.Eq. 101.
 </p>
<p>
 The execution of this trust was committed by the testator to the executors named in the will -- first to Jabez W. Hayes and Lewis E. Wells and, next, in the event of the death of either or both of these, to Dundas Pratt and Horace H. Nichols, successively. So long as anyone of the four is living and has not declined the office of executor or been shown to be unsuitable, no other person can execute the trust. And it is doubtful, to say the least, whether the trust is not such a personal confidence reposed by the testator in the persons named that it would in no event pass to an administrator with the will annexed, but must, if all those named in the will should die before full performance of the trust, be executed by a trustee specially appointed for the purpose.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81793/ingle-vs-jones">
 Ingle v. Jones,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 9 Wall. 486,
 <span>
<a href="/case/81793/ingle-vs-jones#497">
 76 U. S. 497
 </a>
</span>
 -498.
 </p>
<p>
 Of the two executors first named, Jabez W. Hayes, being a citizen of New Jersey, and Lewis E. Wells, a citizen of Pennsylvania, each proved the will and took out letters testamentary in his own state and assumed the care and management of the property in that state, and Wells also took control of the property in Michigan. But such an arrangement, however convenient, cannot affect the duty of either or both of the executors or of the court to see that the trust is carried out according to the testator's intention.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="568">
 Page 147 U. S. 568
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 The testator was born and for many years lived in New Jersey, but his domicile at the time of his death and for ten years before, was in Pennsylvania. A small part only of his property was in New Jersey, and the greater part was in Pennsylvania and Michigan. The Hayes Mechanics' Home was incorporated within thirteen months after his death by his partner by Wells, his Pennsylvania executor, by Pratt, now his executor, and by other citizens of Pennsylvania, under the laws of that state for the purpose of founding and supporting "a retreat and home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics," as contemplated in his will. Wells settled his account as executor in the proper court of Pennsylvania, and paid over the balance of personal property in his hands to the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and also, by order of that court, conveyed to that corporation the lands in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, and the validity of the payment and conveyance has not been impugned. In short, the whole of the residue of the testator's property, real and personal, except the comparatively small amount now in controversy, has been appropriated, with the approval of the legislature and of the courts of his domicile, in a manner to carry out his charitable intent in accordance with the letter and spirit of his will.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes, the executor appointed in New Jersey, died in January, 1882, having done nothing toward carrying out the charitable intent of the testator beyond obtaining the advice of counsel that the executors (not that he alone) might lawfully appropriate the property in New Jersey to the support of the Hospital of St. Barnabas, in Newark.
 </p>
<p>
 After his death, Henry Hayes was appointed by the Orphans' Court in New Jersey to be administrator of the unadministered "goods, chattels, and credits" of George Hayes in New Jersey. As already indicated, it is difficult to see how this appointment could give him any title in or power over the real estate devised to the executors in trust. But if it can be treated as vesting in him the title to the real estate in New Jersey, it certainly did not authorize him to undertake the performance of the charitable trust created by the will, so
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="569">
 Page 147 U. S. 569
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 long as Pratt, one of the alternative executors and trustees therein named, was still alive had never declined the trust, and had not even known, until recently, of the existence of any estate of the testator not already disposed of according to his will.
 </p>
<p>
 Moreover, to apply the fund received by the defendant from the sale of the real estate in New Jersey to the maintenance of a free bed in the Hospital of St. Barnabas under the charter and rules of that institution would be much less in accord with the intention of the testator as expressed in his will than to add this fund to his other property already devoted to the foundation and support of the Hayes Mechanics' Home.
 </p>
<p>
 Both the original executors being dead, and Pratt, the successor next named in the will, having been appointed sole executor in their stead, he is the only person authorized to execute the charitable trust of the testator, so far as anything remains to be done with regard to it.
 </p>
<p>
 It was objected that Pratt, as executor appointed in Pennsylvania, could not sue in New Jersey without taking out letters testamentary in that state. But this objection is answered by the statute of New Jersey of 1879, c. 16, which enacts that
 </p>
<p>
 "any executor or administrator, by virtue of letters obtained in another state, may prosecute any action in any court of this state without first taking out letters in this state, provided such executor or administrator shall, upon commencing suit, file in the office of the clerk of the court in which such suit shall be brought an exemplified copy of the record of his or their appointment,"
 </p>
<p>
 which has been done in this case. New Jersey Acts of 1879, p. 28;
 <em>
 Lawrence v. Nelson,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/87095/lawrence-vs-nelson">
 143 U. S. 215
 </a>
</span>
 .
 </p>
<p>
 It was further objected that since the Orphans' Court had been vested by the statute of New Jersey of 1872, c. 340, with the power, upon allowing the accounts of executors, or of administrators with the will annexed, to order distribution of the residue in accordance with the will, application should have been made to that court. New Jersey Acts of 1872, p. 47. But the statutes of the state conferring jurisdiction upon
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="570">
 Page 147 U. S. 570
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 the Orphans' Court do not even affect the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of New Jersey over the settlement of estates.
 <em>
 Frey v. Demarest,
 </em>
 16 N.J.Eq. 236;
 <em>
 Coddington v. Bispham,
 </em>
 36 N.J.Eq. 224, 574;
 <em>
 Houston v. Levy's Executor,
 </em>
 44 N.J.Eq. 6. Certainly no such statutes can defeat or impair the general equity jurisdiction of the circuit court of the United States to administer, as between citizens of different states, the assets of a deceased person within its jurisdiction.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/80906/green-s-administratrix-vs-creighton">
 Green v. Creighton,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 23 How. 90;
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81629/payne-vs-hook">
 Payne v. Hook,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 7 Wall. 425;
 <em>
 Lawrence v. Nelson,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/87095/lawrence-vs-nelson">
 143 U. S. 215
 </a>
</span>
 .
 </p>
<p>
 The defendant, as administrator with the will annexed of George Hayes, having received money from the income and sale of his real estate and settled his account therefor in the court which appointed him, and having, without any order of court, and without right, and with notice of Pratt's claim, paid the money to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, taking from that corporation a bond of indemnity, was rightly held liable to account for it, with interest from the date when he so settled his account, after having determined so to pay it.
 </p>
<p>
 There being no one in New Jersey having any right to or claim upon this fund, and no special reason being shown for administering it in New Jersey, it should, upon familiar principles, be transmitted to the executor appointed at the testator's domicile for distribution.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81829/wilkins-vs-ellett">
 Wilkins v. Ellett,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 9 Wall. 740,
 <span>
<a href="/case/81829/wilkins-vs-ellett#742">
 76 U. S. 742
 </a>
</span>
 ;
 <em>
 Harvey v. Richards,
 </em>
 1 Mason, 381, 412-413;
 <em>
 Normand v. Grognard,
 </em>
 17 N.J.Eq. 425, 428.
 </p>
<p>
 Pratt, being the executor appointed in the state of the testator's domicile and the trustee charged with the administration of the charitable trust, is the only person entitled to maintain this suit. The joinder of the Hayes Mechanics' Home as a plaintiff was unnecessary, and perhaps improper, but not having been objected to by demurrer or otherwise in the court below, it affords no ground for refusing relief. The decree of the circuit court is irregular in that it directs payment to be made to Pratt as treasurer of the Hayes
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="571">
 Page 147 U. S. 571
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 Mechanics' Home, instead of to him as executor, and is therefore to be amended in that particular, and,
 </p>
<p>
<em>
 So amended, affirmed.
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 MR. JUSTICE SHIRAS, not having been a member of the Court when this case was argued, took no part in its decision.
 </p>
<br/>
<br/>
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 Hayes v. Pratt - 147 U.S. 557 (1893)
 
<br/>
<span>

 U.S. Supreme Court
 

 Hayes v. Pratt, 147 U.S. 557 (1893)
 
</span>

<p>
<b>
 Hayes v. Pratt
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 No. 19
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 Argued March 25, 1892
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 Decided March 6, 1893
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 147 U.S. 557
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
</b>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED
 </em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 STATES FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
 </em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 Syllabus
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 A citizen of Pennsylvania, born in New Jersey, devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate, real and personal, consisting mostly of property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, with some real estate in New Jersey, to his executors in trust to sell and invest at their discretion,
 </p>
<p>
 "and to appropriate and use the principal or income thereof for the purpose of founding and supporting, or uniting in the support of any institution that may be then founded, to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics,"
 </p>
<p>
 and appointed as his executors H, a citizen of New Jersey, and W, a citizen of Pennsylvania, "and in the event of the death of either or both of them, first, P, and next, N, to supply vacancy." W took out letters testamentary in Pennsylvania, and there administered the property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, and, with the approval of a Pennsylvania court, appropriated it to found a home for such mechanics, incorporated by the Legislature of Pennsylvania to carry out the testator's charitable intention. H took out letters testamentary in New Jersey and took care of the real estate there, and died having done nothing beyond obtaining the opinion of counsel that the executors would be authorized, in their discretion, to provide a bed for such mechanics in a hospital, incorporated in New Jersey, for "the care, nurture, and maintenance of sick, infirm, aged and indigent persons, and of orphan and destitute children," and whose bylaws provided that patients in a condition to be discharged, or whose disease was incurable, should not remain in the hospital, and that those able to pay for their maintenance should do so. After the deaths of H and W, a son of H took out letters of administration with the will annexed of the unadministered goods, chattels and effects of the original testator in New Jersey, and after having assured P that he would not dispose of the real estate in New Jersey without giving him an opportunity to show that the Pennsylvania corporation was entitled to it, sold it, and, without any order of court and without P's knowledge or consent, paid the proceeds to the New Jersey corporation, taking a bond of indemnity.
 <em>
 Held
 </em>
 that P, on taking out letters testamentary in Pennsylvania, was entitled, as executor, and upon filing a copy of those letters, to maintain a bill in equity against the New Jersey administrator in the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey to recover those proceeds, with interest and costs.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="558">
 Page 147 U. S. 558
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 This was a bill in equity filed August 11, 1884, in the Court of Chancery of the State of New Jersey by Dundas T. Pratt, a citizen of Pennsylvania, describing himself as "succeeding executor of the last will and testament of George Hayes, late of the City and County of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, deceased," and by the Hayes Mechanics' Home, a corporation organized under the laws of Pennsylvania and established at Philadelphia, against Henry Hayes, a citizen of New Jersey, administrator of George Hayes, for an account of property of the deceased received by him, amounting to more than $5,000, and for payment thereof to either of the plaintiffs, as the court might direct.
 </p>
<p>
 The case was duly removed upon the defendant's petition into the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey, and was there, after an answer and a general replication had been filed, heard upon pleadings and proofs, by which it appeared to be as follows:
 </p>
<p>
 George Hayes was a jeweler, was born in Newark, in the State of New Jersey, in 1815, and there lived until 1847, when he removed to Philadelphia, and became interested in and identified with the mechanics of that city, and resided and did business there until June 1, 1857, when he died, leaving a dwelling house and personal estate in Philadelphia, real estate in Michigan, and an interest in real estate in Newark, on which he had lived and carried on his business before his removal to Philadelphia, and a will, dated June 16, 1855, duly executed and published according to the laws of Pennsylvania and of New Jersey by which, after payment of debts and legacies, he provided as follows:
 </p>
<p>
 "Item. As to the rest, residue, and remainder of my estate, both real and personal, and of every nature and kind whatsoever, I give, devise, and bequeath the same to my executors hereinafter named, their heirs, executors, and administrators forever in trust to realize the same in the manner deemed by them the most advisable, and keep the same invested in such manner as they, in their discretion, may deem most advantageous, and to appropriate and use the income or principal thereof for the purpose of founding and supporting, or uniting
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="559">
 Page 147 U. S. 559
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 in the support of any institution that may be then founded to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics."
 </p>
<p>
 "Item. To better enable my said executors to carry out and perfect my intentions as expressed in the last foregoing item, I authorize and empower them to sell all or any of my real estate, either at public or private sale, either for cash or part cash, and reserving ground rent or taking mortgage for the purchase money, as the case may be, without any liability of the purchaser or purchasers thereof as to the application or misapplication of the purchase or consideration moneys."
 </p>
<p>
 "Lastly I nominate, constitute, and appoint my brother, Jabez W. Hayes, and my friend, Dr. Lewis E. Wells, and, in the event of the death of either or both of them, then I appoint, first, Dundas Pratt, and next my brother-in-law, Horace H. Nichols, to supply vacancy, to be the executors of this, my will."
 </p>
<p>
 Dundas Pratt, named in the will, was Dundas T. Pratt, one of the original plaintiffs and present appellees. It does not appear that Nichols ever did anything in regard to this trust.
 </p>
<p>
 Lewis E. Wells resided in Philadelphia, and proved the will, and was appointed and qualified as executor thereof in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia on June 20, 1857, and, with the knowledge of Jabez W. Hayes, took care of the property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes resided in Newark and proved the will, and was appointed and qualified as executor thereof in the Orphans' Court of Essex County, in New Jersey, on August 4, 1857, and, with the knowledge of Wells, took care of the property in New Jersey.
 </p>
<p>
 On June 21, 1858, Wells and Pratt, together with Ferdinand J. Dreer, the former partner of the testator, and other citizens of Pennsylvania, were duly incorporated, under the general laws of Pennsylvania, as the Hayes Mechanics' Home, with the object of "the founding and providing of a retreat and home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics." Dreer was President, and Pratt secretary, of the
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="560">
 Page 147 U. S. 560
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 corporation from the beginning, and Wells was treasurer of the corporation from its organization until 1873, when he was removed, and another treasurer chosen, and Pratt afterwards became treasurer.
 </p>
<p>
 On March 16, 1861, the Legislature of Pennsylvania, at the instance of Wells, as acting executor, passed an act reciting that the Hayes Mechanics' Home had been incorporated, as aforesaid,
 </p>
<p>
 "for the purpose of founding a home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics, and with the intention of carrying into effect the charitable objects provided for by the last will and testament of George Hayes, deceased, late of the City of Philadelphia,"
 </p>
<p>
 ratifying and confirming its charter and empowering it to take and hold the property devised and bequeathed by George Hayes as aforesaid. Penn.Laws of 1861, No. 117, p. 132.
 </p>
<p>
 Wells paid all the testator's debts and legacies, and in 1864 settled in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia the account of his administration of the property in Pennsylvania, and paid to the Hayes Mechanics' Home the balance of the personal estate in his hands, amounting to $13,789, and also, in obedience to an order of that court, upon the petition of the corporation, stating that settlement and payment, the provision of the will, the charter of the corporation, and the act of the legislature, conveyed to that corporation the land in Pennsylvania, valued by an examiner of that court at $12,000, and the land in Michigan, valued at $17,000. The property so received and the proceeds of sales thereof were afterwards invested so that, besides paying $10,000 in 1859 for a tract of sixteen acres of land as a site for a building, they amounted in May, 1884, including $11,500 received from other persons, to $92,000. The building was actually begun a few months after the filing of this bill.
 </p>
<p>
 Wells died in 1876, never having done anything about the real estate in New Jersey, although he knew of its existence.
 </p>
<p>
 There was in the City of Newark an institution called the "Hospital of St. Barnabas," incorporated by an Act of the Legislature of New Jersey of February 13, 1867, c. 32, which provided that the object of the corporation should be
 </p>
<p>
 "the care,
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="561">
 Page 147 U. S. 561
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 nurture, and maintenance of sick, infirm, aged, and indigent persons, and of orphan, half orphan, and destitute children, the providing for their temporal and spiritual welfare, and the procuring or erecting a suitable building or buildings,"
 </p>
<p>
 and that its members and trustees should be members of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and the moral and religious instruction of the inmates should be in conformity with the doctrine, discipline, and worship of that church. New Jersey Acts of 1867, p. 51. Its bylaws and rules provided that patients in a condition to be discharged, or whose disease was incurable, should not remain in the hospital, and that all persons able to pay for their maintenance should do so.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes often told his sons that he intended to devote the principal and income of the testator's property in Newark to the support of this hospital, and in 1870, and again in 1876, obtained the opinion of counsel that under the provisions of the will of George Hayes, the executors would be authorized, in their discretion, to provide a permanent bed in this hospital for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics. But he took no other steps in that direction, and died in January, 1882, without having rendered any account of his administration.
 </p>
<p>
 On December 12, 1882, the Orphans' Court of the County of Essex and State of New Jersey passed an order reciting the probate of the will of George Hayes in that court, and that
 </p>
<p>
 "Jabez W. Hayes, after having taken upon himself the execution of said will in this state, has departed this life, that due notice has been given of this application to Dundas Pratt, the only other surviving executor named in the will, and to all other parties in interest,"
 </p>
<p>
 and appointing
 </p>
<p>
 "Henry Hayes administrator of, all and singular, the goods, chattels, and credits of the said George Hayes, deceased, in the State of New Jersey, left unadministered by Jabez W. Hayes, deceased, who is duly authorized to administer the same agreeably to said will."
 </p>
<p>
 Before this appointment, and after Pratt had received notice of the application therefor, a correspondence took place between him and Henry Hayes, in which Pratt, while acquiescing
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="562">
 Page 147 U. S. 562
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 in the appointment, insisted that the testator's interest in the land in New Jersey (the existence of which had become known to him only since the death of Jabez W. Hayes) should go to the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and Henry Hayes expressed a wish that it should be applied, as his father had hoped, to a bed for mechanics in the hospital at Newark. On June 25, 1883, Henry Hayes, in answer to a letter from Pratt about the sale of this interest of the testator, wrote to him that he would not, of course, make any disposition of the money but a legal one, and that he would not dispose of it in any way without giving Pratt an opportunity to show that the Hayes Mechanics' Home was the only institution entitled to it.
 </p>
<p>
 Henry Hayes soon afterwards sold this property, and received money from the sale, and from previous income thereof, and in October, 1884, made an offer to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, which that corporation accepted, to appropriate to its use the greater part of this money, and on January 8, 1884, settled his account in said orphans' court, showing a balance in his hands of $5,153.27, and declined to pay it to Pratt, as executor of George Hayes, or as treasurer of the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and in March, 1884, without any order of court, and without Pratt's knowledge or consent, paid this balance to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, informing it of Pratt's claim, and taking from it a bond of indemnity, secured by a mortgage on real estate, and the board of trustees of that corporation, on March 17, 1884,
 </p>
<p>
 "resolved that the Hospital of St. Barnabas consents to receive said fund, and it hereby agrees to use such fund solely for the purpose of furnishing a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics, in accordance with the will of the late George Hayes,"
 </p>
<p>
 and, on July 1, 1885, having meanwhile completed a new hospital building,
 </p>
<p>
 "resolved that a suitable part of the building be fitted up with two beds, to be devoted especially to the purposes mentioned by the testator, and that a tablet be placed upon the walls as an indication of these uses, and a memorial of the donor of the fund. "
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="563">
 Page 147 U. S. 563
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 On May 10, 1884, in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia, as appeared by an exemplified copy of the record of the appointment filed with the bill in this case,
 </p>
<p>
 "Jabez W. Hayes and Lewis E. Wells, two of the executors named in said will, being dead, letters testamentary were duly granted unto Dundas T. Pratt, surviving executor,"
 </p>
<p>
 and Pratt was duly qualified "as the succeeding executor of the foregoing last will and testament of George Hayes, deceased." At that time, there was no estate of the testator which had not been duly administered except so far as the property in New Jersey could be so considered, and Pratt testified that his only object in being appointed was to sue for and recover that property; that he supposed that the Hayes Mechanics' Home could itself pursue that fund, but was advised that he, as executor, should claim it.
 </p>
<p>
 The circuit court
 </p>
<p>
 "ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the respondent, Henry Hayes, administrator of the estate of George Hayes in the State of New Jersey, pay to the complainant Dundas T. Pratt, treasurer of the Hayes Mechanics' Home, a corporation of the State of Pennsylvania, and for and in behalf of said corporation, the sum of $5,153.27, with interest from January 10, 1884, being the balance in his hands, as administrator aforesaid, on settlement of his account in the Orphans' Court of Essex County, New Jersey,"
 </p>
<p>
 with costs.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="566">
 Page 147 U. S. 566
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 MR. JUSTICE GRAY, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the Court.
 </p>
<p>
 George Hayes, by his will, devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate, real and personal, to his executors, in trust to sell and invest at their discretion,
 </p>
<p>
 "and to appropriate and use the principal or income thereof, for the purpose of
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="567">
 Page 147 U. S. 567
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 founding and supporting, or uniting in the support of any institution that may be then founded, to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics."
 </p>
<p>
 The primary, if not the only, intention of the testator evidently was that his bounty should go to a single institution, "a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics," either by founding as well as supporting a new institution or by aiding in the support of one founded by others. The validity of the charitable trust is undoubted, notwithstanding that the trustees might appropriate the fund to an institution established after the testator's death.
 <em>
 Jones v. Habersham,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/84586/jones-vs-habersham">
 107 U. S. 174
 </a>
</span>
 ,
 <span>
<a href="/case/84586/jones-vs-habersham#191">
 107 U. S. 191
 </a>
</span>
 ;
 <em>
 Curran's Appeal,
 </em>
 4 Penny. 331;
 <em>
 Taylor v. College,
 </em>
 34 N.J.Eq. 101.
 </p>
<p>
 The execution of this trust was committed by the testator to the executors named in the will -- first to Jabez W. Hayes and Lewis E. Wells and, next, in the event of the death of either or both of these, to Dundas Pratt and Horace H. Nichols, successively. So long as anyone of the four is living and has not declined the office of executor or been shown to be unsuitable, no other person can execute the trust. And it is doubtful, to say the least, whether the trust is not such a personal confidence reposed by the testator in the persons named that it would in no event pass to an administrator with the will annexed, but must, if all those named in the will should die before full performance of the trust, be executed by a trustee specially appointed for the purpose.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81793/ingle-vs-jones">
 Ingle v. Jones,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 9 Wall. 486,
 <span>
<a href="/case/81793/ingle-vs-jones#497">
 76 U. S. 497
 </a>
</span>
 -498.
 </p>
<p>
 Of the two executors first named, Jabez W. Hayes, being a citizen of New Jersey, and Lewis E. Wells, a citizen of Pennsylvania, each proved the will and took out letters testamentary in his own state and assumed the care and management of the property in that state, and Wells also took control of the property in Michigan. But such an arrangement, however convenient, cannot affect the duty of either or both of the executors or of the court to see that the trust is carried out according to the testator's intention.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="568">
 Page 147 U. S. 568
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 The testator was born and for many years lived in New Jersey, but his domicile at the time of his death and for ten years before, was in Pennsylvania. A small part only of his property was in New Jersey, and the greater part was in Pennsylvania and Michigan. The Hayes Mechanics' Home was incorporated within thirteen months after his death by his partner by Wells, his Pennsylvania executor, by Pratt, now his executor, and by other citizens of Pennsylvania, under the laws of that state for the purpose of founding and supporting "a retreat and home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics," as contemplated in his will. Wells settled his account as executor in the proper court of Pennsylvania, and paid over the balance of personal property in his hands to the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and also, by order of that court, conveyed to that corporation the lands in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, and the validity of the payment and conveyance has not been impugned. In short, the whole of the residue of the testator's property, real and personal, except the comparatively small amount now in controversy, has been appropriated, with the approval of the legislature and of the courts of his domicile, in a manner to carry out his charitable intent in accordance with the letter and spirit of his will.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes, the executor appointed in New Jersey, died in January, 1882, having done nothing toward carrying out the charitable intent of the testator beyond obtaining the advice of counsel that the executors (not that he alone) might lawfully appropriate the property in New Jersey to the support of the Hospital of St. Barnabas, in Newark.
 </p>
<p>
 After his death, Henry Hayes was appointed by the Orphans' Court in New Jersey to be administrator of the unadministered "goods, chattels, and credits" of George Hayes in New Jersey. As already indicated, it is difficult to see how this appointment could give him any title in or power over the real estate devised to the executors in trust. But if it can be treated as vesting in him the title to the real estate in New Jersey, it certainly did not authorize him to undertake the performance of the charitable trust created by the will, so
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="569">
 Page 147 U. S. 569
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 long as Pratt, one of the alternative executors and trustees therein named, was still alive had never declined the trust, and had not even known, until recently, of the existence of any estate of the testator not already disposed of according to his will.
 </p>
<p>
 Moreover, to apply the fund received by the defendant from the sale of the real estate in New Jersey to the maintenance of a free bed in the Hospital of St. Barnabas under the charter and rules of that institution would be much less in accord with the intention of the testator as expressed in his will than to add this fund to his other property already devoted to the foundation and support of the Hayes Mechanics' Home.
 </p>
<p>
 Both the original executors being dead, and Pratt, the successor next named in the will, having been appointed sole executor in their stead, he is the only person authorized to execute the charitable trust of the testator, so far as anything remains to be done with regard to it.
 </p>
<p>
 It was objected that Pratt, as executor appointed in Pennsylvania, could not sue in New Jersey without taking out letters testamentary in that state. But this objection is answered by the statute of New Jersey of 1879, c. 16, which enacts that
 </p>
<p>
 "any executor or administrator, by virtue of letters obtained in another state, may prosecute any action in any court of this state without first taking out letters in this state, provided such executor or administrator shall, upon commencing suit, file in the office of the clerk of the court in which such suit shall be brought an exemplified copy of the record of his or their appointment,"
 </p>
<p>
 which has been done in this case. New Jersey Acts of 1879, p. 28;
 <em>
 Lawrence v. Nelson,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/87095/lawrence-vs-nelson">
 143 U. S. 215
 </a>
</span>
 .
 </p>
<p>
 It was further objected that since the Orphans' Court had been vested by the statute of New Jersey of 1872, c. 340, with the power, upon allowing the accounts of executors, or of administrators with the will annexed, to order distribution of the residue in accordance with the will, application should have been made to that court. New Jersey Acts of 1872, p. 47. But the statutes of the state conferring jurisdiction upon
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="570">
 Page 147 U. S. 570
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 the Orphans' Court do not even affect the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of New Jersey over the settlement of estates.
 <em>
 Frey v. Demarest,
 </em>
 16 N.J.Eq. 236;
 <em>
 Coddington v. Bispham,
 </em>
 36 N.J.Eq. 224, 574;
 <em>
 Houston v. Levy's Executor,
 </em>
 44 N.J.Eq. 6. Certainly no such statutes can defeat or impair the general equity jurisdiction of the circuit court of the United States to administer, as between citizens of different states, the assets of a deceased person within its jurisdiction.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/80906/green-s-administratrix-vs-creighton">
 Green v. Creighton,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 23 How. 90;
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81629/payne-vs-hook">
 Payne v. Hook,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 7 Wall. 425;
 <em>
 Lawrence v. Nelson,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/87095/lawrence-vs-nelson">
 143 U. S. 215
 </a>
</span>
 .
 </p>
<p>
 The defendant, as administrator with the will annexed of George Hayes, having received money from the income and sale of his real estate and settled his account therefor in the court which appointed him, and having, without any order of court, and without right, and with notice of Pratt's claim, paid the money to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, taking from that corporation a bond of indemnity, was rightly held liable to account for it, with interest from the date when he so settled his account, after having determined so to pay it.
 </p>
<p>
 There being no one in New Jersey having any right to or claim upon this fund, and no special reason being shown for administering it in New Jersey, it should, upon familiar principles, be transmitted to the executor appointed at the testator's domicile for distribution.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81829/wilkins-vs-ellett">
 Wilkins v. Ellett,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 9 Wall. 740,
 <span>
<a href="/case/81829/wilkins-vs-ellett#742">
 76 U. S. 742
 </a>
</span>
 ;
 <em>
 Harvey v. Richards,
 </em>
 1 Mason, 381, 412-413;
 <em>
 Normand v. Grognard,
 </em>
 17 N.J.Eq. 425, 428.
 </p>
<p>
 Pratt, being the executor appointed in the state of the testator's domicile and the trustee charged with the administration of the charitable trust, is the only person entitled to maintain this suit. The joinder of the Hayes Mechanics' Home as a plaintiff was unnecessary, and perhaps improper, but not having been objected to by demurrer or otherwise in the court below, it affords no ground for refusing relief. The decree of the circuit court is irregular in that it directs payment to be made to Pratt as treasurer of the Hayes
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="571">
 Page 147 U. S. 571
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 Mechanics' Home, instead of to him as executor, and is therefore to be amended in that particular, and,
 </p>
<p>
<em>
 So amended, affirmed.
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 MR. JUSTICE SHIRAS, not having been a member of the Court when this case was argued, took no part in its decision.
 </p>
<br/>
<br/>
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 Hayes v. Pratt - 147 U.S. 557 (1893)
 
<br/>
<span>

 U.S. Supreme Court
 

 Hayes v. Pratt, 147 U.S. 557 (1893)
 
</span>

<p>
<b>
 Hayes v. Pratt
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 No. 19
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 Argued March 25, 1892
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 Decided March 6, 1893
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 147 U.S. 557
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
</b>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED
 </em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 STATES FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
 </em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 Syllabus
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 A citizen of Pennsylvania, born in New Jersey, devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate, real and personal, consisting mostly of property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, with some real estate in New Jersey, to his executors in trust to sell and invest at their discretion,
 </p>
<p>
 "and to appropriate and use the principal or income thereof for the purpose of founding and supporting, or uniting in the support of any institution that may be then founded, to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics,"
 </p>
<p>
 and appointed as his executors H, a citizen of New Jersey, and W, a citizen of Pennsylvania, "and in the event of the death of either or both of them, first, P, and next, N, to supply vacancy." W took out letters testamentary in Pennsylvania, and there administered the property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, and, with the approval of a Pennsylvania court, appropriated it to found a home for such mechanics, incorporated by the Legislature of Pennsylvania to carry out the testator's charitable intention. H took out letters testamentary in New Jersey and took care of the real estate there, and died having done nothing beyond obtaining the opinion of counsel that the executors would be authorized, in their discretion, to provide a bed for such mechanics in a hospital, incorporated in New Jersey, for "the care, nurture, and maintenance of sick, infirm, aged and indigent persons, and of orphan and destitute children," and whose bylaws provided that patients in a condition to be discharged, or whose disease was incurable, should not remain in the hospital, and that those able to pay for their maintenance should do so. After the deaths of H and W, a son of H took out letters of administration with the will annexed of the unadministered goods, chattels and effects of the original testator in New Jersey, and after having assured P that he would not dispose of the real estate in New Jersey without giving him an opportunity to show that the Pennsylvania corporation was entitled to it, sold it, and, without any order of court and without P's knowledge or consent, paid the proceeds to the New Jersey corporation, taking a bond of indemnity.
 <em>
 Held
 </em>
 that P, on taking out letters testamentary in Pennsylvania, was entitled, as executor, and upon filing a copy of those letters, to maintain a bill in equity against the New Jersey administrator in the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey to recover those proceeds, with interest and costs.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="558">
 Page 147 U. S. 558
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 This was a bill in equity filed August 11, 1884, in the Court of Chancery of the State of New Jersey by Dundas T. Pratt, a citizen of Pennsylvania, describing himself as "succeeding executor of the last will and testament of George Hayes, late of the City and County of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, deceased," and by the Hayes Mechanics' Home, a corporation organized under the laws of Pennsylvania and established at Philadelphia, against Henry Hayes, a citizen of New Jersey, administrator of George Hayes, for an account of property of the deceased received by him, amounting to more than $5,000, and for payment thereof to either of the plaintiffs, as the court might direct.
 </p>
<p>
 The case was duly removed upon the defendant's petition into the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey, and was there, after an answer and a general replication had been filed, heard upon pleadings and proofs, by which it appeared to be as follows:
 </p>
<p>
 George Hayes was a jeweler, was born in Newark, in the State of New Jersey, in 1815, and there lived until 1847, when he removed to Philadelphia, and became interested in and identified with the mechanics of that city, and resided and did business there until June 1, 1857, when he died, leaving a dwelling house and personal estate in Philadelphia, real estate in Michigan, and an interest in real estate in Newark, on which he had lived and carried on his business before his removal to Philadelphia, and a will, dated June 16, 1855, duly executed and published according to the laws of Pennsylvania and of New Jersey by which, after payment of debts and legacies, he provided as follows:
 </p>
<p>
 "Item. As to the rest, residue, and remainder of my estate, both real and personal, and of every nature and kind whatsoever, I give, devise, and bequeath the same to my executors hereinafter named, their heirs, executors, and administrators forever in trust to realize the same in the manner deemed by them the most advisable, and keep the same invested in such manner as they, in their discretion, may deem most advantageous, and to appropriate and use the income or principal thereof for the purpose of founding and supporting, or uniting
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="559">
 Page 147 U. S. 559
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 in the support of any institution that may be then founded to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics."
 </p>
<p>
 "Item. To better enable my said executors to carry out and perfect my intentions as expressed in the last foregoing item, I authorize and empower them to sell all or any of my real estate, either at public or private sale, either for cash or part cash, and reserving ground rent or taking mortgage for the purchase money, as the case may be, without any liability of the purchaser or purchasers thereof as to the application or misapplication of the purchase or consideration moneys."
 </p>
<p>
 "Lastly I nominate, constitute, and appoint my brother, Jabez W. Hayes, and my friend, Dr. Lewis E. Wells, and, in the event of the death of either or both of them, then I appoint, first, Dundas Pratt, and next my brother-in-law, Horace H. Nichols, to supply vacancy, to be the executors of this, my will."
 </p>
<p>
 Dundas Pratt, named in the will, was Dundas T. Pratt, one of the original plaintiffs and present appellees. It does not appear that Nichols ever did anything in regard to this trust.
 </p>
<p>
 Lewis E. Wells resided in Philadelphia, and proved the will, and was appointed and qualified as executor thereof in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia on June 20, 1857, and, with the knowledge of Jabez W. Hayes, took care of the property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes resided in Newark and proved the will, and was appointed and qualified as executor thereof in the Orphans' Court of Essex County, in New Jersey, on August 4, 1857, and, with the knowledge of Wells, took care of the property in New Jersey.
 </p>
<p>
 On June 21, 1858, Wells and Pratt, together with Ferdinand J. Dreer, the former partner of the testator, and other citizens of Pennsylvania, were duly incorporated, under the general laws of Pennsylvania, as the Hayes Mechanics' Home, with the object of "the founding and providing of a retreat and home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics." Dreer was President, and Pratt secretary, of the
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="560">
 Page 147 U. S. 560
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 corporation from the beginning, and Wells was treasurer of the corporation from its organization until 1873, when he was removed, and another treasurer chosen, and Pratt afterwards became treasurer.
 </p>
<p>
 On March 16, 1861, the Legislature of Pennsylvania, at the instance of Wells, as acting executor, passed an act reciting that the Hayes Mechanics' Home had been incorporated, as aforesaid,
 </p>
<p>
 "for the purpose of founding a home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics, and with the intention of carrying into effect the charitable objects provided for by the last will and testament of George Hayes, deceased, late of the City of Philadelphia,"
 </p>
<p>
 ratifying and confirming its charter and empowering it to take and hold the property devised and bequeathed by George Hayes as aforesaid. Penn.Laws of 1861, No. 117, p. 132.
 </p>
<p>
 Wells paid all the testator's debts and legacies, and in 1864 settled in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia the account of his administration of the property in Pennsylvania, and paid to the Hayes Mechanics' Home the balance of the personal estate in his hands, amounting to $13,789, and also, in obedience to an order of that court, upon the petition of the corporation, stating that settlement and payment, the provision of the will, the charter of the corporation, and the act of the legislature, conveyed to that corporation the land in Pennsylvania, valued by an examiner of that court at $12,000, and the land in Michigan, valued at $17,000. The property so received and the proceeds of sales thereof were afterwards invested so that, besides paying $10,000 in 1859 for a tract of sixteen acres of land as a site for a building, they amounted in May, 1884, including $11,500 received from other persons, to $92,000. The building was actually begun a few months after the filing of this bill.
 </p>
<p>
 Wells died in 1876, never having done anything about the real estate in New Jersey, although he knew of its existence.
 </p>
<p>
 There was in the City of Newark an institution called the "Hospital of St. Barnabas," incorporated by an Act of the Legislature of New Jersey of February 13, 1867, c. 32, which provided that the object of the corporation should be
 </p>
<p>
 "the care,
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="561">
 Page 147 U. S. 561
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 nurture, and maintenance of sick, infirm, aged, and indigent persons, and of orphan, half orphan, and destitute children, the providing for their temporal and spiritual welfare, and the procuring or erecting a suitable building or buildings,"
 </p>
<p>
 and that its members and trustees should be members of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and the moral and religious instruction of the inmates should be in conformity with the doctrine, discipline, and worship of that church. New Jersey Acts of 1867, p. 51. Its bylaws and rules provided that patients in a condition to be discharged, or whose disease was incurable, should not remain in the hospital, and that all persons able to pay for their maintenance should do so.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes often told his sons that he intended to devote the principal and income of the testator's property in Newark to the support of this hospital, and in 1870, and again in 1876, obtained the opinion of counsel that under the provisions of the will of George Hayes, the executors would be authorized, in their discretion, to provide a permanent bed in this hospital for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics. But he took no other steps in that direction, and died in January, 1882, without having rendered any account of his administration.
 </p>
<p>
 On December 12, 1882, the Orphans' Court of the County of Essex and State of New Jersey passed an order reciting the probate of the will of George Hayes in that court, and that
 </p>
<p>
 "Jabez W. Hayes, after having taken upon himself the execution of said will in this state, has departed this life, that due notice has been given of this application to Dundas Pratt, the only other surviving executor named in the will, and to all other parties in interest,"
 </p>
<p>
 and appointing
 </p>
<p>
 "Henry Hayes administrator of, all and singular, the goods, chattels, and credits of the said George Hayes, deceased, in the State of New Jersey, left unadministered by Jabez W. Hayes, deceased, who is duly authorized to administer the same agreeably to said will."
 </p>
<p>
 Before this appointment, and after Pratt had received notice of the application therefor, a correspondence took place between him and Henry Hayes, in which Pratt, while acquiescing
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="562">
 Page 147 U. S. 562
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 in the appointment, insisted that the testator's interest in the land in New Jersey (the existence of which had become known to him only since the death of Jabez W. Hayes) should go to the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and Henry Hayes expressed a wish that it should be applied, as his father had hoped, to a bed for mechanics in the hospital at Newark. On June 25, 1883, Henry Hayes, in answer to a letter from Pratt about the sale of this interest of the testator, wrote to him that he would not, of course, make any disposition of the money but a legal one, and that he would not dispose of it in any way without giving Pratt an opportunity to show that the Hayes Mechanics' Home was the only institution entitled to it.
 </p>
<p>
 Henry Hayes soon afterwards sold this property, and received money from the sale, and from previous income thereof, and in October, 1884, made an offer to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, which that corporation accepted, to appropriate to its use the greater part of this money, and on January 8, 1884, settled his account in said orphans' court, showing a balance in his hands of $5,153.27, and declined to pay it to Pratt, as executor of George Hayes, or as treasurer of the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and in March, 1884, without any order of court, and without Pratt's knowledge or consent, paid this balance to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, informing it of Pratt's claim, and taking from it a bond of indemnity, secured by a mortgage on real estate, and the board of trustees of that corporation, on March 17, 1884,
 </p>
<p>
 "resolved that the Hospital of St. Barnabas consents to receive said fund, and it hereby agrees to use such fund solely for the purpose of furnishing a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics, in accordance with the will of the late George Hayes,"
 </p>
<p>
 and, on July 1, 1885, having meanwhile completed a new hospital building,
 </p>
<p>
 "resolved that a suitable part of the building be fitted up with two beds, to be devoted especially to the purposes mentioned by the testator, and that a tablet be placed upon the walls as an indication of these uses, and a memorial of the donor of the fund. "
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="563">
 Page 147 U. S. 563
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 On May 10, 1884, in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia, as appeared by an exemplified copy of the record of the appointment filed with the bill in this case,
 </p>
<p>
 "Jabez W. Hayes and Lewis E. Wells, two of the executors named in said will, being dead, letters testamentary were duly granted unto Dundas T. Pratt, surviving executor,"
 </p>
<p>
 and Pratt was duly qualified "as the succeeding executor of the foregoing last will and testament of George Hayes, deceased." At that time, there was no estate of the testator which had not been duly administered except so far as the property in New Jersey could be so considered, and Pratt testified that his only object in being appointed was to sue for and recover that property; that he supposed that the Hayes Mechanics' Home could itself pursue that fund, but was advised that he, as executor, should claim it.
 </p>
<p>
 The circuit court
 </p>
<p>
 "ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the respondent, Henry Hayes, administrator of the estate of George Hayes in the State of New Jersey, pay to the complainant Dundas T. Pratt, treasurer of the Hayes Mechanics' Home, a corporation of the State of Pennsylvania, and for and in behalf of said corporation, the sum of $5,153.27, with interest from January 10, 1884, being the balance in his hands, as administrator aforesaid, on settlement of his account in the Orphans' Court of Essex County, New Jersey,"
 </p>
<p>
 with costs.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="566">
 Page 147 U. S. 566
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 MR. JUSTICE GRAY, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the Court.
 </p>
<p>
 George Hayes, by his will, devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate, real and personal, to his executors, in trust to sell and invest at their discretion,
 </p>
<p>
 "and to appropriate and use the principal or income thereof, for the purpose of
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="567">
 Page 147 U. S. 567
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 founding and supporting, or uniting in the support of any institution that may be then founded, to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics."
 </p>
<p>
 The primary, if not the only, intention of the testator evidently was that his bounty should go to a single institution, "a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics," either by founding as well as supporting a new institution or by aiding in the support of one founded by others. The validity of the charitable trust is undoubted, notwithstanding that the trustees might appropriate the fund to an institution established after the testator's death.
 <em>
 Jones v. Habersham,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/84586/jones-vs-habersham">
 107 U. S. 174
 </a>
</span>
 ,
 <span>
<a href="/case/84586/jones-vs-habersham#191">
 107 U. S. 191
 </a>
</span>
 ;
 <em>
 Curran's Appeal,
 </em>
 4 Penny. 331;
 <em>
 Taylor v. College,
 </em>
 34 N.J.Eq. 101.
 </p>
<p>
 The execution of this trust was committed by the testator to the executors named in the will -- first to Jabez W. Hayes and Lewis E. Wells and, next, in the event of the death of either or both of these, to Dundas Pratt and Horace H. Nichols, successively. So long as anyone of the four is living and has not declined the office of executor or been shown to be unsuitable, no other person can execute the trust. And it is doubtful, to say the least, whether the trust is not such a personal confidence reposed by the testator in the persons named that it would in no event pass to an administrator with the will annexed, but must, if all those named in the will should die before full performance of the trust, be executed by a trustee specially appointed for the purpose.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81793/ingle-vs-jones">
 Ingle v. Jones,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 9 Wall. 486,
 <span>
<a href="/case/81793/ingle-vs-jones#497">
 76 U. S. 497
 </a>
</span>
 -498.
 </p>
<p>
 Of the two executors first named, Jabez W. Hayes, being a citizen of New Jersey, and Lewis E. Wells, a citizen of Pennsylvania, each proved the will and took out letters testamentary in his own state and assumed the care and management of the property in that state, and Wells also took control of the property in Michigan. But such an arrangement, however convenient, cannot affect the duty of either or both of the executors or of the court to see that the trust is carried out according to the testator's intention.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="568">
 Page 147 U. S. 568
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 The testator was born and for many years lived in New Jersey, but his domicile at the time of his death and for ten years before, was in Pennsylvania. A small part only of his property was in New Jersey, and the greater part was in Pennsylvania and Michigan. The Hayes Mechanics' Home was incorporated within thirteen months after his death by his partner by Wells, his Pennsylvania executor, by Pratt, now his executor, and by other citizens of Pennsylvania, under the laws of that state for the purpose of founding and supporting "a retreat and home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics," as contemplated in his will. Wells settled his account as executor in the proper court of Pennsylvania, and paid over the balance of personal property in his hands to the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and also, by order of that court, conveyed to that corporation the lands in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, and the validity of the payment and conveyance has not been impugned. In short, the whole of the residue of the testator's property, real and personal, except the comparatively small amount now in controversy, has been appropriated, with the approval of the legislature and of the courts of his domicile, in a manner to carry out his charitable intent in accordance with the letter and spirit of his will.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes, the executor appointed in New Jersey, died in January, 1882, having done nothing toward carrying out the charitable intent of the testator beyond obtaining the advice of counsel that the executors (not that he alone) might lawfully appropriate the property in New Jersey to the support of the Hospital of St. Barnabas, in Newark.
 </p>
<p>
 After his death, Henry Hayes was appointed by the Orphans' Court in New Jersey to be administrator of the unadministered "goods, chattels, and credits" of George Hayes in New Jersey. As already indicated, it is difficult to see how this appointment could give him any title in or power over the real estate devised to the executors in trust. But if it can be treated as vesting in him the title to the real estate in New Jersey, it certainly did not authorize him to undertake the performance of the charitable trust created by the will, so
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="569">
 Page 147 U. S. 569
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 long as Pratt, one of the alternative executors and trustees therein named, was still alive had never declined the trust, and had not even known, until recently, of the existence of any estate of the testator not already disposed of according to his will.
 </p>
<p>
 Moreover, to apply the fund received by the defendant from the sale of the real estate in New Jersey to the maintenance of a free bed in the Hospital of St. Barnabas under the charter and rules of that institution would be much less in accord with the intention of the testator as expressed in his will than to add this fund to his other property already devoted to the foundation and support of the Hayes Mechanics' Home.
 </p>
<p>
 Both the original executors being dead, and Pratt, the successor next named in the will, having been appointed sole executor in their stead, he is the only person authorized to execute the charitable trust of the testator, so far as anything remains to be done with regard to it.
 </p>
<p>
 It was objected that Pratt, as executor appointed in Pennsylvania, could not sue in New Jersey without taking out letters testamentary in that state. But this objection is answered by the statute of New Jersey of 1879, c. 16, which enacts that
 </p>
<p>
 "any executor or administrator, by virtue of letters obtained in another state, may prosecute any action in any court of this state without first taking out letters in this state, provided such executor or administrator shall, upon commencing suit, file in the office of the clerk of the court in which such suit shall be brought an exemplified copy of the record of his or their appointment,"
 </p>
<p>
 which has been done in this case. New Jersey Acts of 1879, p. 28;
 <em>
 Lawrence v. Nelson,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/87095/lawrence-vs-nelson">
 143 U. S. 215
 </a>
</span>
 .
 </p>
<p>
 It was further objected that since the Orphans' Court had been vested by the statute of New Jersey of 1872, c. 340, with the power, upon allowing the accounts of executors, or of administrators with the will annexed, to order distribution of the residue in accordance with the will, application should have been made to that court. New Jersey Acts of 1872, p. 47. But the statutes of the state conferring jurisdiction upon
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="570">
 Page 147 U. S. 570
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 the Orphans' Court do not even affect the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of New Jersey over the settlement of estates.
 <em>
 Frey v. Demarest,
 </em>
 16 N.J.Eq. 236;
 <em>
 Coddington v. Bispham,
 </em>
 36 N.J.Eq. 224, 574;
 <em>
 Houston v. Levy's Executor,
 </em>
 44 N.J.Eq. 6. Certainly no such statutes can defeat or impair the general equity jurisdiction of the circuit court of the United States to administer, as between citizens of different states, the assets of a deceased person within its jurisdiction.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/80906/green-s-administratrix-vs-creighton">
 Green v. Creighton,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 23 How. 90;
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81629/payne-vs-hook">
 Payne v. Hook,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 7 Wall. 425;
 <em>
 Lawrence v. Nelson,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/87095/lawrence-vs-nelson">
 143 U. S. 215
 </a>
</span>
 .
 </p>
<p>
 The defendant, as administrator with the will annexed of George Hayes, having received money from the income and sale of his real estate and settled his account therefor in the court which appointed him, and having, without any order of court, and without right, and with notice of Pratt's claim, paid the money to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, taking from that corporation a bond of indemnity, was rightly held liable to account for it, with interest from the date when he so settled his account, after having determined so to pay it.
 </p>
<p>
 There being no one in New Jersey having any right to or claim upon this fund, and no special reason being shown for administering it in New Jersey, it should, upon familiar principles, be transmitted to the executor appointed at the testator's domicile for distribution.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81829/wilkins-vs-ellett">
 Wilkins v. Ellett,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 9 Wall. 740,
 <span>
<a href="/case/81829/wilkins-vs-ellett#742">
 76 U. S. 742
 </a>
</span>
 ;
 <em>
 Harvey v. Richards,
 </em>
 1 Mason, 381, 412-413;
 <em>
 Normand v. Grognard,
 </em>
 17 N.J.Eq. 425, 428.
 </p>
<p>
 Pratt, being the executor appointed in the state of the testator's domicile and the trustee charged with the administration of the charitable trust, is the only person entitled to maintain this suit. The joinder of the Hayes Mechanics' Home as a plaintiff was unnecessary, and perhaps improper, but not having been objected to by demurrer or otherwise in the court below, it affords no ground for refusing relief. The decree of the circuit court is irregular in that it directs payment to be made to Pratt as treasurer of the Hayes
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="571">
 Page 147 U. S. 571
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 Mechanics' Home, instead of to him as executor, and is therefore to be amended in that particular, and,
 </p>
<p>
<em>
 So amended, affirmed.
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 MR. JUSTICE SHIRAS, not having been a member of the Court when this case was argued, took no part in its decision.
 </p>
<br/>
<br/>
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 Hayes v. Pratt - 147 U.S. 557 (1893)
 
<br/>
<span>

 U.S. Supreme Court
 

 Hayes v. Pratt, 147 U.S. 557 (1893)
 
</span>

<p>
<b>
 Hayes v. Pratt
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 No. 19
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 Argued March 25, 1892
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 Decided March 6, 1893
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
 147 U.S. 557
 </b>
</p>
<p>
<b>
</b>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE UNITED
 </em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 STATES FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY
 </em>
</p>
<p>
<em>
 Syllabus
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 A citizen of Pennsylvania, born in New Jersey, devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate, real and personal, consisting mostly of property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, with some real estate in New Jersey, to his executors in trust to sell and invest at their discretion,
 </p>
<p>
 "and to appropriate and use the principal or income thereof for the purpose of founding and supporting, or uniting in the support of any institution that may be then founded, to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics,"
 </p>
<p>
 and appointed as his executors H, a citizen of New Jersey, and W, a citizen of Pennsylvania, "and in the event of the death of either or both of them, first, P, and next, N, to supply vacancy." W took out letters testamentary in Pennsylvania, and there administered the property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, and, with the approval of a Pennsylvania court, appropriated it to found a home for such mechanics, incorporated by the Legislature of Pennsylvania to carry out the testator's charitable intention. H took out letters testamentary in New Jersey and took care of the real estate there, and died having done nothing beyond obtaining the opinion of counsel that the executors would be authorized, in their discretion, to provide a bed for such mechanics in a hospital, incorporated in New Jersey, for "the care, nurture, and maintenance of sick, infirm, aged and indigent persons, and of orphan and destitute children," and whose bylaws provided that patients in a condition to be discharged, or whose disease was incurable, should not remain in the hospital, and that those able to pay for their maintenance should do so. After the deaths of H and W, a son of H took out letters of administration with the will annexed of the unadministered goods, chattels and effects of the original testator in New Jersey, and after having assured P that he would not dispose of the real estate in New Jersey without giving him an opportunity to show that the Pennsylvania corporation was entitled to it, sold it, and, without any order of court and without P's knowledge or consent, paid the proceeds to the New Jersey corporation, taking a bond of indemnity.
 <em>
 Held
 </em>
 that P, on taking out letters testamentary in Pennsylvania, was entitled, as executor, and upon filing a copy of those letters, to maintain a bill in equity against the New Jersey administrator in the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey to recover those proceeds, with interest and costs.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="558">
 Page 147 U. S. 558
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 This was a bill in equity filed August 11, 1884, in the Court of Chancery of the State of New Jersey by Dundas T. Pratt, a citizen of Pennsylvania, describing himself as "succeeding executor of the last will and testament of George Hayes, late of the City and County of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, deceased," and by the Hayes Mechanics' Home, a corporation organized under the laws of Pennsylvania and established at Philadelphia, against Henry Hayes, a citizen of New Jersey, administrator of George Hayes, for an account of property of the deceased received by him, amounting to more than $5,000, and for payment thereof to either of the plaintiffs, as the court might direct.
 </p>
<p>
 The case was duly removed upon the defendant's petition into the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of New Jersey, and was there, after an answer and a general replication had been filed, heard upon pleadings and proofs, by which it appeared to be as follows:
 </p>
<p>
 George Hayes was a jeweler, was born in Newark, in the State of New Jersey, in 1815, and there lived until 1847, when he removed to Philadelphia, and became interested in and identified with the mechanics of that city, and resided and did business there until June 1, 1857, when he died, leaving a dwelling house and personal estate in Philadelphia, real estate in Michigan, and an interest in real estate in Newark, on which he had lived and carried on his business before his removal to Philadelphia, and a will, dated June 16, 1855, duly executed and published according to the laws of Pennsylvania and of New Jersey by which, after payment of debts and legacies, he provided as follows:
 </p>
<p>
 "Item. As to the rest, residue, and remainder of my estate, both real and personal, and of every nature and kind whatsoever, I give, devise, and bequeath the same to my executors hereinafter named, their heirs, executors, and administrators forever in trust to realize the same in the manner deemed by them the most advisable, and keep the same invested in such manner as they, in their discretion, may deem most advantageous, and to appropriate and use the income or principal thereof for the purpose of founding and supporting, or uniting
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="559">
 Page 147 U. S. 559
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 in the support of any institution that may be then founded to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics."
 </p>
<p>
 "Item. To better enable my said executors to carry out and perfect my intentions as expressed in the last foregoing item, I authorize and empower them to sell all or any of my real estate, either at public or private sale, either for cash or part cash, and reserving ground rent or taking mortgage for the purchase money, as the case may be, without any liability of the purchaser or purchasers thereof as to the application or misapplication of the purchase or consideration moneys."
 </p>
<p>
 "Lastly I nominate, constitute, and appoint my brother, Jabez W. Hayes, and my friend, Dr. Lewis E. Wells, and, in the event of the death of either or both of them, then I appoint, first, Dundas Pratt, and next my brother-in-law, Horace H. Nichols, to supply vacancy, to be the executors of this, my will."
 </p>
<p>
 Dundas Pratt, named in the will, was Dundas T. Pratt, one of the original plaintiffs and present appellees. It does not appear that Nichols ever did anything in regard to this trust.
 </p>
<p>
 Lewis E. Wells resided in Philadelphia, and proved the will, and was appointed and qualified as executor thereof in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia on June 20, 1857, and, with the knowledge of Jabez W. Hayes, took care of the property in Pennsylvania and in Michigan.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes resided in Newark and proved the will, and was appointed and qualified as executor thereof in the Orphans' Court of Essex County, in New Jersey, on August 4, 1857, and, with the knowledge of Wells, took care of the property in New Jersey.
 </p>
<p>
 On June 21, 1858, Wells and Pratt, together with Ferdinand J. Dreer, the former partner of the testator, and other citizens of Pennsylvania, were duly incorporated, under the general laws of Pennsylvania, as the Hayes Mechanics' Home, with the object of "the founding and providing of a retreat and home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics." Dreer was President, and Pratt secretary, of the
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="560">
 Page 147 U. S. 560
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 corporation from the beginning, and Wells was treasurer of the corporation from its organization until 1873, when he was removed, and another treasurer chosen, and Pratt afterwards became treasurer.
 </p>
<p>
 On March 16, 1861, the Legislature of Pennsylvania, at the instance of Wells, as acting executor, passed an act reciting that the Hayes Mechanics' Home had been incorporated, as aforesaid,
 </p>
<p>
 "for the purpose of founding a home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics, and with the intention of carrying into effect the charitable objects provided for by the last will and testament of George Hayes, deceased, late of the City of Philadelphia,"
 </p>
<p>
 ratifying and confirming its charter and empowering it to take and hold the property devised and bequeathed by George Hayes as aforesaid. Penn.Laws of 1861, No. 117, p. 132.
 </p>
<p>
 Wells paid all the testator's debts and legacies, and in 1864 settled in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia the account of his administration of the property in Pennsylvania, and paid to the Hayes Mechanics' Home the balance of the personal estate in his hands, amounting to $13,789, and also, in obedience to an order of that court, upon the petition of the corporation, stating that settlement and payment, the provision of the will, the charter of the corporation, and the act of the legislature, conveyed to that corporation the land in Pennsylvania, valued by an examiner of that court at $12,000, and the land in Michigan, valued at $17,000. The property so received and the proceeds of sales thereof were afterwards invested so that, besides paying $10,000 in 1859 for a tract of sixteen acres of land as a site for a building, they amounted in May, 1884, including $11,500 received from other persons, to $92,000. The building was actually begun a few months after the filing of this bill.
 </p>
<p>
 Wells died in 1876, never having done anything about the real estate in New Jersey, although he knew of its existence.
 </p>
<p>
 There was in the City of Newark an institution called the "Hospital of St. Barnabas," incorporated by an Act of the Legislature of New Jersey of February 13, 1867, c. 32, which provided that the object of the corporation should be
 </p>
<p>
 "the care,
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="561">
 Page 147 U. S. 561
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 nurture, and maintenance of sick, infirm, aged, and indigent persons, and of orphan, half orphan, and destitute children, the providing for their temporal and spiritual welfare, and the procuring or erecting a suitable building or buildings,"
 </p>
<p>
 and that its members and trustees should be members of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and the moral and religious instruction of the inmates should be in conformity with the doctrine, discipline, and worship of that church. New Jersey Acts of 1867, p. 51. Its bylaws and rules provided that patients in a condition to be discharged, or whose disease was incurable, should not remain in the hospital, and that all persons able to pay for their maintenance should do so.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes often told his sons that he intended to devote the principal and income of the testator's property in Newark to the support of this hospital, and in 1870, and again in 1876, obtained the opinion of counsel that under the provisions of the will of George Hayes, the executors would be authorized, in their discretion, to provide a permanent bed in this hospital for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics. But he took no other steps in that direction, and died in January, 1882, without having rendered any account of his administration.
 </p>
<p>
 On December 12, 1882, the Orphans' Court of the County of Essex and State of New Jersey passed an order reciting the probate of the will of George Hayes in that court, and that
 </p>
<p>
 "Jabez W. Hayes, after having taken upon himself the execution of said will in this state, has departed this life, that due notice has been given of this application to Dundas Pratt, the only other surviving executor named in the will, and to all other parties in interest,"
 </p>
<p>
 and appointing
 </p>
<p>
 "Henry Hayes administrator of, all and singular, the goods, chattels, and credits of the said George Hayes, deceased, in the State of New Jersey, left unadministered by Jabez W. Hayes, deceased, who is duly authorized to administer the same agreeably to said will."
 </p>
<p>
 Before this appointment, and after Pratt had received notice of the application therefor, a correspondence took place between him and Henry Hayes, in which Pratt, while acquiescing
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="562">
 Page 147 U. S. 562
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 in the appointment, insisted that the testator's interest in the land in New Jersey (the existence of which had become known to him only since the death of Jabez W. Hayes) should go to the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and Henry Hayes expressed a wish that it should be applied, as his father had hoped, to a bed for mechanics in the hospital at Newark. On June 25, 1883, Henry Hayes, in answer to a letter from Pratt about the sale of this interest of the testator, wrote to him that he would not, of course, make any disposition of the money but a legal one, and that he would not dispose of it in any way without giving Pratt an opportunity to show that the Hayes Mechanics' Home was the only institution entitled to it.
 </p>
<p>
 Henry Hayes soon afterwards sold this property, and received money from the sale, and from previous income thereof, and in October, 1884, made an offer to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, which that corporation accepted, to appropriate to its use the greater part of this money, and on January 8, 1884, settled his account in said orphans' court, showing a balance in his hands of $5,153.27, and declined to pay it to Pratt, as executor of George Hayes, or as treasurer of the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and in March, 1884, without any order of court, and without Pratt's knowledge or consent, paid this balance to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, informing it of Pratt's claim, and taking from it a bond of indemnity, secured by a mortgage on real estate, and the board of trustees of that corporation, on March 17, 1884,
 </p>
<p>
 "resolved that the Hospital of St. Barnabas consents to receive said fund, and it hereby agrees to use such fund solely for the purpose of furnishing a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics, in accordance with the will of the late George Hayes,"
 </p>
<p>
 and, on July 1, 1885, having meanwhile completed a new hospital building,
 </p>
<p>
 "resolved that a suitable part of the building be fitted up with two beds, to be devoted especially to the purposes mentioned by the testator, and that a tablet be placed upon the walls as an indication of these uses, and a memorial of the donor of the fund. "
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="563">
 Page 147 U. S. 563
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 On May 10, 1884, in the Orphans' Court of Philadelphia, as appeared by an exemplified copy of the record of the appointment filed with the bill in this case,
 </p>
<p>
 "Jabez W. Hayes and Lewis E. Wells, two of the executors named in said will, being dead, letters testamentary were duly granted unto Dundas T. Pratt, surviving executor,"
 </p>
<p>
 and Pratt was duly qualified "as the succeeding executor of the foregoing last will and testament of George Hayes, deceased." At that time, there was no estate of the testator which had not been duly administered except so far as the property in New Jersey could be so considered, and Pratt testified that his only object in being appointed was to sue for and recover that property; that he supposed that the Hayes Mechanics' Home could itself pursue that fund, but was advised that he, as executor, should claim it.
 </p>
<p>
 The circuit court
 </p>
<p>
 "ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the respondent, Henry Hayes, administrator of the estate of George Hayes in the State of New Jersey, pay to the complainant Dundas T. Pratt, treasurer of the Hayes Mechanics' Home, a corporation of the State of Pennsylvania, and for and in behalf of said corporation, the sum of $5,153.27, with interest from January 10, 1884, being the balance in his hands, as administrator aforesaid, on settlement of his account in the Orphans' Court of Essex County, New Jersey,"
 </p>
<p>
 with costs.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="566">
 Page 147 U. S. 566
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 MR. JUSTICE GRAY, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the Court.
 </p>
<p>
 George Hayes, by his will, devised and bequeathed the residue of his estate, real and personal, to his executors, in trust to sell and invest at their discretion,
 </p>
<p>
 "and to appropriate and use the principal or income thereof, for the purpose of
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="567">
 Page 147 U. S. 567
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 founding and supporting, or uniting in the support of any institution that may be then founded, to furnish a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics."
 </p>
<p>
 The primary, if not the only, intention of the testator evidently was that his bounty should go to a single institution, "a retreat and home for disabled or aged and infirm and deserving American mechanics," either by founding as well as supporting a new institution or by aiding in the support of one founded by others. The validity of the charitable trust is undoubted, notwithstanding that the trustees might appropriate the fund to an institution established after the testator's death.
 <em>
 Jones v. Habersham,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/84586/jones-vs-habersham">
 107 U. S. 174
 </a>
</span>
 ,
 <span>
<a href="/case/84586/jones-vs-habersham#191">
 107 U. S. 191
 </a>
</span>
 ;
 <em>
 Curran's Appeal,
 </em>
 4 Penny. 331;
 <em>
 Taylor v. College,
 </em>
 34 N.J.Eq. 101.
 </p>
<p>
 The execution of this trust was committed by the testator to the executors named in the will -- first to Jabez W. Hayes and Lewis E. Wells and, next, in the event of the death of either or both of these, to Dundas Pratt and Horace H. Nichols, successively. So long as anyone of the four is living and has not declined the office of executor or been shown to be unsuitable, no other person can execute the trust. And it is doubtful, to say the least, whether the trust is not such a personal confidence reposed by the testator in the persons named that it would in no event pass to an administrator with the will annexed, but must, if all those named in the will should die before full performance of the trust, be executed by a trustee specially appointed for the purpose.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81793/ingle-vs-jones">
 Ingle v. Jones,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 9 Wall. 486,
 <span>
<a href="/case/81793/ingle-vs-jones#497">
 76 U. S. 497
 </a>
</span>
 -498.
 </p>
<p>
 Of the two executors first named, Jabez W. Hayes, being a citizen of New Jersey, and Lewis E. Wells, a citizen of Pennsylvania, each proved the will and took out letters testamentary in his own state and assumed the care and management of the property in that state, and Wells also took control of the property in Michigan. But such an arrangement, however convenient, cannot affect the duty of either or both of the executors or of the court to see that the trust is carried out according to the testator's intention.
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="568">
 Page 147 U. S. 568
 </a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
 The testator was born and for many years lived in New Jersey, but his domicile at the time of his death and for ten years before, was in Pennsylvania. A small part only of his property was in New Jersey, and the greater part was in Pennsylvania and Michigan. The Hayes Mechanics' Home was incorporated within thirteen months after his death by his partner by Wells, his Pennsylvania executor, by Pratt, now his executor, and by other citizens of Pennsylvania, under the laws of that state for the purpose of founding and supporting "a retreat and home for disabled, aged, or infirm and deserving American mechanics," as contemplated in his will. Wells settled his account as executor in the proper court of Pennsylvania, and paid over the balance of personal property in his hands to the Hayes Mechanics' Home, and also, by order of that court, conveyed to that corporation the lands in Pennsylvania and in Michigan, and the validity of the payment and conveyance has not been impugned. In short, the whole of the residue of the testator's property, real and personal, except the comparatively small amount now in controversy, has been appropriated, with the approval of the legislature and of the courts of his domicile, in a manner to carry out his charitable intent in accordance with the letter and spirit of his will.
 </p>
<p>
 Jabez W. Hayes, the executor appointed in New Jersey, died in January, 1882, having done nothing toward carrying out the charitable intent of the testator beyond obtaining the advice of counsel that the executors (not that he alone) might lawfully appropriate the property in New Jersey to the support of the Hospital of St. Barnabas, in Newark.
 </p>
<p>
 After his death, Henry Hayes was appointed by the Orphans' Court in New Jersey to be administrator of the unadministered "goods, chattels, and credits" of George Hayes in New Jersey. As already indicated, it is difficult to see how this appointment could give him any title in or power over the real estate devised to the executors in trust. But if it can be treated as vesting in him the title to the real estate in New Jersey, it certainly did not authorize him to undertake the performance of the charitable trust created by the will, so
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="569">
 Page 147 U. S. 569
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 long as Pratt, one of the alternative executors and trustees therein named, was still alive had never declined the trust, and had not even known, until recently, of the existence of any estate of the testator not already disposed of according to his will.
 </p>
<p>
 Moreover, to apply the fund received by the defendant from the sale of the real estate in New Jersey to the maintenance of a free bed in the Hospital of St. Barnabas under the charter and rules of that institution would be much less in accord with the intention of the testator as expressed in his will than to add this fund to his other property already devoted to the foundation and support of the Hayes Mechanics' Home.
 </p>
<p>
 Both the original executors being dead, and Pratt, the successor next named in the will, having been appointed sole executor in their stead, he is the only person authorized to execute the charitable trust of the testator, so far as anything remains to be done with regard to it.
 </p>
<p>
 It was objected that Pratt, as executor appointed in Pennsylvania, could not sue in New Jersey without taking out letters testamentary in that state. But this objection is answered by the statute of New Jersey of 1879, c. 16, which enacts that
 </p>
<p>
 "any executor or administrator, by virtue of letters obtained in another state, may prosecute any action in any court of this state without first taking out letters in this state, provided such executor or administrator shall, upon commencing suit, file in the office of the clerk of the court in which such suit shall be brought an exemplified copy of the record of his or their appointment,"
 </p>
<p>
 which has been done in this case. New Jersey Acts of 1879, p. 28;
 <em>
 Lawrence v. Nelson,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/87095/lawrence-vs-nelson">
 143 U. S. 215
 </a>
</span>
 .
 </p>
<p>
 It was further objected that since the Orphans' Court had been vested by the statute of New Jersey of 1872, c. 340, with the power, upon allowing the accounts of executors, or of administrators with the will annexed, to order distribution of the residue in accordance with the will, application should have been made to that court. New Jersey Acts of 1872, p. 47. But the statutes of the state conferring jurisdiction upon
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="570">
 Page 147 U. S. 570
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 the Orphans' Court do not even affect the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery of New Jersey over the settlement of estates.
 <em>
 Frey v. Demarest,
 </em>
 16 N.J.Eq. 236;
 <em>
 Coddington v. Bispham,
 </em>
 36 N.J.Eq. 224, 574;
 <em>
 Houston v. Levy's Executor,
 </em>
 44 N.J.Eq. 6. Certainly no such statutes can defeat or impair the general equity jurisdiction of the circuit court of the United States to administer, as between citizens of different states, the assets of a deceased person within its jurisdiction.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/80906/green-s-administratrix-vs-creighton">
 Green v. Creighton,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 23 How. 90;
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81629/payne-vs-hook">
 Payne v. Hook,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 7 Wall. 425;
 <em>
 Lawrence v. Nelson,
 </em>
<span>
<a href="/case/87095/lawrence-vs-nelson">
 143 U. S. 215
 </a>
</span>
 .
 </p>
<p>
 The defendant, as administrator with the will annexed of George Hayes, having received money from the income and sale of his real estate and settled his account therefor in the court which appointed him, and having, without any order of court, and without right, and with notice of Pratt's claim, paid the money to the Hospital of St. Barnabas, taking from that corporation a bond of indemnity, was rightly held liable to account for it, with interest from the date when he so settled his account, after having determined so to pay it.
 </p>
<p>
 There being no one in New Jersey having any right to or claim upon this fund, and no special reason being shown for administering it in New Jersey, it should, upon familiar principles, be transmitted to the executor appointed at the testator's domicile for distribution.
 <em>
<span>
<a href="/case/81829/wilkins-vs-ellett">
 Wilkins v. Ellett,
 </a>
</span>
</em>
 9 Wall. 740,
 <span>
<a href="/case/81829/wilkins-vs-ellett#742">
 76 U. S. 742
 </a>
</span>
 ;
 <em>
 Harvey v. Richards,
 </em>
 1 Mason, 381, 412-413;
 <em>
 Normand v. Grognard,
 </em>
 17 N.J.Eq. 425, 428.
 </p>
<p>
 Pratt, being the executor appointed in the state of the testator's domicile and the trustee charged with the administration of the charitable trust, is the only person entitled to maintain this suit. The joinder of the Hayes Mechanics' Home as a plaintiff was unnecessary, and perhaps improper, but not having been objected to by demurrer or otherwise in the court below, it affords no ground for refusing relief. The decree of the circuit court is irregular in that it directs payment to be made to Pratt as treasurer of the Hayes
 </p>
<p>
<a class="page-number" id="571">
 Page 147 U. S. 571
 </a>
</p>
<p>
 Mechanics' Home, instead of to him as executor, and is therefore to be amended in that particular, and,
 </p>
<p>
<em>
 So amended, affirmed.
 </em>
</p>
<p>
 MR. JUSTICE SHIRAS, not having been a member of the Court when this case was argued, took no part in its decision.
 </p>
<br/>
<br/>
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LAW: the Hayes Page

PERSON: Hayes v. Pratt - 147, Hayes v. Pratt, Hayes v. Pratt , Dundas T. Pratt, George Hayes, Henry Hayes, George Hayes, George Hayes, Jabez W. Hayes, Lewis E. Wells, Dundas Pratt, Horace H. Nichols, Dundas Pratt, Dundas T. Pratt, Nichols, Lewis E. Wells, Jabez W. Hayes, Jabez W. Hayes, Ferdinand J. Dreer, Dreer, Pratt, George Hayes, George Hayes, Penn, Jabez W. Hayes, George Hayes, George Hayes, Jabez W. Hayes, Dundas Pratt, Henry Hayes, George Hayes, Jabez W. Hayes, Pratt, Henry Hayes, Jabez W. Hayes, Henry Hayes, Henry Hayes, Henry Hayes, George Hayes, Pratt, Pratt, George Hayes, Jabez W. Hayes, Lewis E. Wells, Dundas T. Pratt, Pratt, George Hayes, Pratt, Henry Hayes, George Hayes, Dundas T. Pratt, JUSTICE GRAY, George Hayes, Jones, Habersham, Curran, Jabez W. Hayes, Lewis E. Wells, Dundas Pratt, Horace H. Nichols, Jabez W. Hayes, Lewis E. Wells, Pratt, Jabez W. Hayes, Henry Hayes, George Hayes, Pratt, Lawrence v. Nelson, Coddington, Bispham, Green v. Creighton, Payne v. Hook, Lawrence v. Nelson, George Hayes, Pratt, Wilkins, Harvey v. Richards, JUSTICE SHIRAS

DATE: 1893, 1893, March 25, 1892, March 6, 1893, August 11, 1884, 1815, 1847, June 1, 1857, June 16, 1855, June 20, 1857, August 4, 1857, June 21, 1858, 1873, March 16, 1861, 1861, 1864, 1859, May, 1884, a few months, 1876, February 13, 1867, c. 32, 1867, 1870, 1876, January, 1882, December 12, 1882, June 25, 1883, October, 1884, January 8, 1884, March, 1884, March 17, 1884, July 1, 1885, May 10, 1884, January 10, 1884, many years, ten years before, thirteen months, January, 1882, 1879, c. 16, 1879, 1872, 1872

ORG: U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. 557, Syllabus, N, H, H, P, the Circuit Court, the Court of Chancery of the State of New Jersey, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the Circuit Court, the State of New Jersey, Wells, Wells, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, Pratt, Wells, Wells, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the "Hospital of St. Barnabas, the Legislature of New Jersey, the Protestant Episcopal Church, State of New Jersey, the State of New Jersey, Pratt, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the Hospital of St. Barnabas, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the Hospital of St. Barnabas, the Hospital of St. Barnabas, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the State of New Jersey, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the State of Pennsylvania, Court, Taylor v. College, Ingle v. Jones, Wells, The Hayes Mechanics' Home, Wells, Wells, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the Hospital of St. Barnabas, the Orphans' Court, the Hospital of St. Barnabas, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, the Court of Chancery of New Jersey, Frey, Levy's Executor, the Hospital of St. Barnabas, the Hayes Mechanics' Home, Court

CARDINAL: 147, 19, 147, one, 117, 132, half, 51, two, two, 331, 34, 101, four, 9, 486, two, one, 28, 340, 47, 16, 236, 36, 224, 574, 44, 6, 23, 90, 7, 425, 9, 740, 1, 381, 412, 17, 425, 428

EVENT: U.S. 557 APPEAL

GPE: NEW JERSEY, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New Jersey, New Jersey, W, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New Jersey, New Jersey, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, the United States, the District of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, the City and County of Philadelphia, the State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, New Jersey, the United States, the District of New Jersey, Newark, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Michigan, Newark, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, Pratt, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New Jersey, the City of Newark, orphan, New Jersey Acts, Newark, the County of Essex, New Jersey, Newark, Pratt, Pratt, Philadelphia, New Jersey, Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Michigan, New Jersey, New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, New Jersey, New Jersey, Pratt, New Jersey, Pratt, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New Jersey, New Jersey Acts, New Jersey, New Jersey Acts, N.J.Eq, N.J.Eq, Houston, the United States, New Jersey, New Jersey, Normand, N.J.Eq, Pratt, MR

NORP: American, American, Orphans, Orphans, American, American, Orphans, American, Orphans, American, Orphans, Orphans, American, American, American, Orphans

ORDINAL: first, first, first, first, first

MONEY: more than $5,000, 13,789, 12,000, 17,000, 10,000, 11,500, 92,000, 5,153.27, 5,153.27, 4 Penny

QUANTITY: sixteen acres

PERCENT: 76 U. S. 497