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Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Chapter 4

Title: Nullity of Marriage and Divorce

State: Central

Year: 1955

.....Act, the 1978 (2 of 1978)], the consent of such guardian was obtained by force3[or by fraud as to the nature of the ceremony or as to any material fact or circumstance concerning the respondent]; or (d) that the respondent was at the time of the marriage pregnant by some person other than the petitioner. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), no petition for annulling a marriage- (a) on the ground specified in clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall be entertained if- (i) the petition is presented more than one year after the force had ceased to operate or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered; or (ii) the petitioner has, with his or her full consent, lived with the other party to the marriage as husband or wife after the force had ceased to operate or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered; (b) on the ground specified in clause (d) of sub-section (1) shall be entertained unless the court is satisfied- (i) that the petitioner was at the time of the marriage ignorant of the facts alleged; (ii) that proceedings have been instituted in the case of a marriage solemnised before the commencement of this Act within one year of.....

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Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Section 13

Title: Divorce

State: Central

Year: 1955

.....after attaining that age but before attaining the age of eighteen years. Explanation.-This clause applies whether the marriage was solemnized before or after the commencement11of the Marriage Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976 (68 of 1976). _________________________ 1. Substituted by Act 68 of 1976, section 7, for the clause (i) (w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 2. Substituted by Act 68 of 1976, section 7, for the clause iii) (w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 3. Certain words omitted by Act 68 of 1976, section 7 (w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 4. The word "or" omitted by Act 44 of 1964, section 2 (w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 5. Inserted by Act 68 of 1976, section 7 (w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 6. Clause (viii) and (ix) omitted by Act 44 of 1964, section 2 (w.e.f. 20-12-1964). 7. Inserted by Act 44 of 1964, section 2 (w.e.f. 20-12-1964). 8. Substituted by Act 68 of 1976, section 7, for "two years" (w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 9. Substituted by Act 68 of 1976, section 7 for "bestiality" (w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 10. Inserted by Act 68 of 1976, section 7 (w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 11. 27th May, 1976.

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Special Marriage Act, 1954 Chapter VI

Title: Nullity of Marriage and Divorce

State: Central

Year: 1954

.....clause (ii), the court shall not grant a decree unless it is satisfied,-- (a) that the petitioner was at the time of the marriage ignorant of the facts alleged; (b) that proceedings were instituted within a year from the date of the marriage; and (c) that marital intercourse with the consent of the petitioner has not taken place since the discovery by the petitioner of the existence of the grounds for a decree: Provided further that in the case specified in clause (iii), the court shall not grant a decree if,-- (a) proceedings have not been instituted within one year after the coercion had ceased or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered; or (b) the petitioner has with his or her free consent lived with the other party to the marriage as husband and wife after the coercion had ceased or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered. Section 26 - Legitimacy of children of void and voidable marriages 1[26. Legitimacy of children of void and voidable marriages (1) Notwithstanding that a marriage is null and void under section 24, any child of such marriage who would have been legitimate if the marriage had been valid, shall be legitimate, whether.....

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Special Marriage Act, 1954 Section 27

Title: Divorce

State: Central

Year: 1954

.....of such decree or order, cohabitation between the parties has not been resumed for one year or upwards.] 9 [(2) Subject to the provisions of this Act and to the rules made thereunder, either party to a marriage, whether solemnized before or after the commencement of the Special Marriage (Amendment) Act, 1970 (29 of 1970), may present a petition for divorce to the district court on the ground-- (i) that there has been no resumption of cohabitation as between the parties to the marriage for a period of one year or upwards after the passing of a decree for judicial separation in a proceeding to which they were parties; or (ii) that there has been no restitution of conjugal rights as between the parties to the marriage for a period of one year or upwards after the passing of a decree for restitution of conjugal rights in a proceeding to which they were parties.] ________________________ 1. Section 27 renumbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 29 of 1970,Section 3(w.e.f. 12-8-1970). 2.Substituted by Act 68 of 1976,Section 27, for clauses (a) and (b). 3. Proviso omitted by Act 68 of 1976,Section 27(w.e.f. 27-5-1976). 4.Substituted by Act 68 of 1976,Section 27, for.....

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Indian Divorce (Amendment) Act, 2001 Section 5

Title: Substitution of New Section for Section 10

State: Central

Year: 2001

For section 10 of the principal Act, the following section shall be substituted, namely: -- " 10. Grounds for dissolution of marriage. -- (1) Any marriage solemnized, whether before or after the commencement of the Indian Divorce (Amendment) Act, 2001, may, on a petition presented to the District Court either by the husband or the wife, be dissolved on the ground that since the solemnization of the marriage, the respondent -- (i) has committed adultery; or (ii) has ceased to be Christian by conversion to another religion; or (iii) has been incurably of unsound mind for a continuous period of not less than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition; or (iv) has, for a period of not less than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition, been suffering from a virulent and incurable form of leprosy; or (v) has, for a period of not less than two years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition, been suffering from venereal disease in a communicable form; or (vi) has not been heard of as being alive for a period of seven years or more by those persons who would naturally have heard of the respondent if the respondent.....

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Divorce Act, 1869 Chapter 3

Title: Dissolution of Marriage

State: Central

Year: 1869

..... Upon any such petition for the dissolution of a marriage, the Court shall satisfy itself, so far as it reasonably can, not only as to the facts alleged, but also whether or not the petitioner has been in any manner accessory to, or conniving at, the going through of the said form of marriage, or the adultery, or has condoned the same, and shall also enquire into any countercharge which may be made against the petitioner. Section 13 - Dismissal of petition In case the Court, on the evidence in relation to any such petition, is satisfied that the petitioner's case has not been proved, or is not satisfied that the alleged adultery has been committed, or finds that the petitioner has, during the marriage, been accessory to, or conniving at, the going through of the said form of marriage, or the adultery of the other party to the marriage, or has condoned the adultery complained of, or that the petition is presented or proseculed in collusion wilh either of the respondents, then, and in any of the said cases the Court shall dismiss the petition. 1 [***] ______________________ 1. Last paragraph omitted by Act 51 of 2001, section 8 (w.e.f. 3-10-2001). .....

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Divorce Act, 1869 Section 10

Title: Grounds for Dissolution of Marriage

State: Central

Year: 1869

.....of the decree against the respondent; or (ix) has deserted the petitioner for at least two years immediately preced­ing the presentation of the petition; or (x) has treated the petitioner with such cruelty as to cause a reasonable apprehension in the mind of the petitioner that it would be harmful or injurious for the petitioner to live with the respondent. (2) A wife may also present a petition for the dissolution of her marriage on the ground that the husband has, since the solemnization of the marriage, been guilty of rape, sodomy or bestiality."]. _____________________ 1. Substituted by Act 51 of 2001, section 5, for section 10 (w.e.f. 3-10-2001). 2. 3rd October, 2001.

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Bombay Children Act, 1948, (Maharashtra) Section 59

Title: Exploitation of Child Employees

State: Maharashtra

Year: 1948

(1) Whoever secures a child ostensibly for the purpose of menial employment or for labour in a dock, factory or other establishment but in fact exploits the child for his own ends, withholds or lives on his earnings, shall, on conviction, be punished with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees. (2) Whoever secures a child ostensibly for any of the purposes mentioned in sub-section (1), but exposes such child to the risk of seduction, sodomy, prostitution or other immoral conditions, shall, on conviction, be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees or with both. (3) Any person who avails himself of the labour of a child exploited in the manner referred to in sub-section (1) or (2) or for whose immoral gratification such child is used shall be liable as an abettor.

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Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1955

.....Act, 1978 (2 of 1978)], the consent of such guardian was obtained by force12 [or by fraud as to the nature of the ceremony or as to any material fact or circumstance concerning the respondent;] or (d) that the respondent was at the time of the marriage pregnant by some person other than the petitioner. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), no petition for annulling a marriage- (a) on the ground specified in clause (c) of sub-section ( 1 ) shall be entertained if- (i) the petition is presented more than one year after the force had ceased to operate or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered; or (ii) the petitioner had, with his or her full consent, lived with the other party to the marriage as husband or wife after the force had ceased to operate or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered; (b) on the ground specified in clause (d) of sub-section (1) shall been entertained unless the court is satisfied- (i) that the petitioner was at the time of the marriage ignorant of the facts alleged; (ii) that proceedings have been instituted in the case of a marriage solemnized before the commencement of this Act within one year of such.....

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Indian Divorce Act, 1869 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1869

.....for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes in England and it omits the provision in 20 and 21 Vic. Ch.85 respecting the occasional trial of questions of fact by juries. In respect of fees, it has been considered that the Act 20 of 1862 (lately continued by the governor-general in Council for another year) renders special legislation unnecessary. The power of intervening in suits, given by 23 and 24 Vic. Ch. 144, to the Attorney General and the Queen's Proctor is, in this Bill, given to the Advocate General and the Solicitor to Government. There are also other variations of a minor and verbal character. The Draft Bill having been submitted to the Judges of the several High Courts, with request that they would favour the Government with their opinions on it communications have been received, from the Judges at Calcutta and Bombay and will be laid before the Council. In these letters there are several important suggestions, and the Honourable the Chief Justice of the High Court at Calcutta has intimated that he considers it doubtful whether decrees by the High Court under the proposed Act, dissolving the marriages of persons who have been married in England would have legal effect.....

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