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Home Bare Acts Phrase: relevant evidenceIndian Evidence Act 1872 Part 3
Title: Production and Effect of Evidence
State: Central
Year: 1872
.....PROOF Section 101 - Burden of proof Whoever desires any Court to give judgment as to any legal right or liability dependent on the existence of facts which he asserts, must prove that those facts exist. When a person is bound to prove the existence of any fact, it is said that the burden of proof lies on that person. Illustrations (a) A desires a Court to give judgment that B shall be punished for a crime which A says B has committed. A must prove that B has committed the crime. (b) A desires a Court to give judgment that he is entitled to certain land in the possession of B, by reason of facts which he asserts, and which B denies, to be true. A must prove the existence of those facts. Section 102 - On whom burden of proof lies The burden of proof in a suit or proceeding lies on that person who would fail if no evidence at all were given on either side. Illustrations (a) A sues B for land of which B is in possession, and which, as A asserts, was left to A by the will of C, B's father. If no evidence were given on either side, B would be entitled to retain his possession. Therefore the burden of proof is on A. (b) A sues B for money due on a bond. .....
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Complete Act
Title: Indian Evidence Act 1872
State: Central
Year: 1872
..... Section2 - Repeal of enactments Section3 - Interpretation clause Section4 - "May presume" Chapter 2 Section5 - Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts Section6 - Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction Section7 - Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue Section8 - Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct Section9 - Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts Section10 - Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design Section11 - When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant Section12 - In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant Section13 - Facts relevant when right or custom is in question Section14 - Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling Section15 - Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional Section16 - Existence of course of business when relevant Section17 - Admission defined Section18 - Admission by party to proceeding or his agent by suitor in representative character Section19 - Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to.....
List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Chapter 5
Title: Of Documentary Evidence
State: Central
Year: 1872
.....given in evidence2; (g) when the original consists of numerous accounts or other documents which cannot conveniently be examined in Court and the fact to be proved is the general result of the whole collection. In cases (a), (c) and (d), any secondary evidence of the contents of the document is admissible. In case (b), the written admission is admissible. In case (e) or (f), a certified copy of the document, but no other kind of secondary evidence, is admissible. In case (g), evidence may be given as to the general result of the documents by any person who has examined them, and who is skilled in the examination of such documents. ________________________ 1. Substituted by Act 3 of 1951, section 3 and Schedule, for "the States". 2. Cf. the Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891 (18 of 1891), section 4. Section 65A - Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record 1 [65A. Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record The contents of electronic records may be proved in accordance with the provisions of section 65B (w.e.f. 17-10-2000). ________________________ 1. Inserted by Act 21 of 2000, section 92 and.....
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Section 136
Title: Judge to Decide as to Admissibility of Evidence
State: Central
Year: 1872
When either party proposes to give evidence of any fact, the Judge may ask the party proposing to give the evidence in what manner the alleged fact, if proved, would be relevant; and the Judge shall admit the evidence if he thinks that the fact, if proved, would be relevant, and not otherwise. If the fact proposed to be proved is one of which evidence is admissible only upon proof of some other fact, such last-mentioned fact must be proved before evidence is given of the fact first mentioned, unless the party undertakes to give proof of such fact, and the Court is satisfied with such undertaking. If the relevancy of one alleged fact depends upon another alleged fact being first proved, the Judge may, in his discretion, either permit evidence of the first fact to be given before the second fact is proved, or require evidence to be given of the second fact before evidence is given of the first fact. Illustrations (a) It is proposed to prove a statement about a relevant fact by a person alleged to be dead, which statement is relevant under section 32. The fact that the person is dead must be proved by the person proposing to prove the statement, before evidence is given.....
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Section 144
Title: Evidence as to Matters in Writing
State: Central
Year: 1872
Any witness may be asked, whilst under examination whether any contract, grant or other disposition of property, as to which he is giving evidence, was not contained in a document, and if he says that it was, or if he is about to make any statement as to the contents of any document, which in the opinion of the Court, ought to be produced, the adverse party may object to such evidence being given until such document is produced, or until facts have been proved which entitle the party who called the witness to give secondary evidence of it. Explanation.--A witness may give oral evidence of statements made by other persons about the contents of documents if such statements are in themselves relevant facts. Illustration The question is, whether A assaulted B. C deposes that he heard A say to D-- "B wrote a letter accusing me of theft, and I will be revenged on him". This statement is relevant, as showing A's motive for the assault, and evidence may be given of it, though no other evidence is given about the letter.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Section 156
Title: Question Tending to Corroborate Evidence of Relevant Fact, Admissible
State: Central
Year: 1872
When a witness whom it is intended to corroborate gives evidence of any relevant fact, he may be questioned as to any other circumstances which he observed at or near to the time or place at which such relevant fact occurred, if the Court is of opinion that such circumstances, if proved, would corroborate testimony of the witness as to the relevant fact which he testifies. Illustration A, an accomplice, gives an account of a robbery in which he took part. He describes various incidents unconnected with the robbery which occurred on his way to and from the place where it was committed. Independent evidence of these facts may be given in order to corroborate his evidence as to the robbery itself.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Section 153
Title: Exclusion of Evidence to Contradict Answers to Questions Testing Veracity
State: Central
Year: 1872
.....of his previous conviction. Exception 2.If a witness is asked any question tending to impeach his impartiality, and answers it by denying the facts suggested, he may be contradicted. Illustrations (a) A claim against an underwriter is resisted on the ground of fraud. The claimant is asked whether, in a former transaction, he had not made a fraudulent claim. He denies it. Evidence is offered to show that he did make such a claim. The evidence is inadmissible. (b) A witness is asked whether he was not dismissed from a situation for dishonesty. He denies it. Evidence is offered to show that he was dismissed for dishonesty. The evidence is not admissible. (c) A affirms that on a certain day he saw B at Lahore. A is asked whether he himself was not on that day at Calcutta. He denies it. Evidence is offered to show that A was on that day at Calcutta. The evidence is admissible, not as contradicting A on a fact which affects his credit, but as contradicting the alleged fact that B was seen on the day in question in Lahore. In each of these cases the witness might, if his denial was false, be charged with giving false evidence. (d) A is asked whether.....
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Section 5
Title: Evidence May Be Given of Facts in Issue and Relevant Facts
State: Central
Year: 1872
Evidence may be given in any suit or proceeding of the existence or non-existence of every fact in issue and of such other facts as are hereinafter declared to be relevant, and of no others. Explanation.-This section shall not enable any person to give evidence of a fact which he is disentitled to prove by any provision of the law for the time being in force relating to civil procedure1 . Illustrations (a) A is tried for the murder of B by beating him with a club with the intention of causing his death. At A's trial the following facts are in issue:- A's beating B with the club; A's causing B's death by such beating; A's intention to cause B's death. (b) A suitor does not bring with him, and have in readiness for production at the first hearing of the case, a bond on which he relies. This section does not enable him to produce the bond or prove its contents at a subsequent stage of the proceedings, otherwise than in accordance with the conditions prescribed by the Code of Civil Procedure. _______________________ 1. See now the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908)
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Section 33
Title: Relevancy of Certain Evidence for Proving, in Subsequent Proceeding, the Truth of Facts Therein Stated
State: Central
Year: 1872
Evidence given by a witness in a judicial proceeding or before any person authorized by law to take it, is relevant for the purpose of proving, in a subsequent judicial proceeding, or in a later stage of the same judicial proceeding, the truth of the facts which it states, when the witness is dead or cannot be found, or is incapable of giving evidence, or is kept out of the way by the adverse party, or if his presence cannot be obtained without an amount of delay or expense which, under the circumstances of the case, the Court considers unreasonable : Provided that the proceeding was between the same parties or their representatives in interest; that the adverse party in the first proceeding had the right and opportunity to cross-examine; that the questions in issue were substantially the same in the first as in the second proceeding. Explanation.A criminal trial or inquiry shall be deemed to be a proceeding between the prosecutor and the accused within the meaning of this section.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Evidence Act 1872 Section 45A
Title: Opinion of Examiner of Electronic Evidence
State: Central
Year: 1872
1[45A. Opinion of Examiner of Electronic Evidence.-When in a proceeding, the court has to form an opinion on any matter relating to any information transmitted or stored in any computer resource or any other electronic or digital form, the opinion of the Examiner of Electronic Evidence referred to in section 79A of the Information Technology Act, 2000(21 of 2000)., is a relevant fact. Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, an Examiner of Electronic Evidence shall be an expert.] _________________ 1. Inserted vide IT Amendment Act, 2008.
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