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Indian Evidence Act, 1872 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....to another when the one is connected with the other in any of the ways referred to in the provisions of this Act relating to the relevancy of facts. "Facts in issue" " The expression "facts in issue" means and includes " any fact from which, either by itself or in connection with other facts, the existence, non-existence, nature or extent of any right, liability, or disability, asserted or denied on any suit or proceeding, necessarily follows. Explanation - Whenever, under the provisions of the law for the time being in force relating to Civil Procedure, any Court records an issue of fact, the fact to be asserted or denied in the answer to such issue is a fact in issue. Illustrations A is accused of the murder of B. At his trial the following facts may be in issue:- That caused A B's death; That A intended to cause Bs' death; That A had received grave and sudden provocation from B; That A, at the time of doing the act which caused B's death, was, by reason of unsoundness of mind, incapable of knowing its nature. "Documents" " "Documents" means any matter expressed of described upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means,.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Part 1

Title: Relevancy of Facts

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....context:- "Court".-Court" includes all Judges1 and Magistrates, 2 and all persons, except arbitrators, legally authorized to take evidence. "Fact".-"Fact" means and includes- (1) any thing, state of things, or relation of things, capable of being perceived by the senses; (2) any mental condition of which any person is conscious. Illustrations (a) That there are certain objects arranged in a certain order in a certain place, is a fact. (b) That a man heard or saw something, is a fact. (c) That a man said certain words, is a fact. (d) That a man holds a certain opinion, has a certain intention, acts in good faith or fraudulently, or uses a particular word in a particular sense, or is or was at a specified time conscious of a particular sensation, is a fact. (e) That a man has a certain reputation, is a fact. "Relevant".-One fact is said to be relevant to another when the one is connected with the other in any of the ways referred to in the provisions of this Act relating to the relevancy of facts. "Facts in issue".-The expression "facts in issue" means and includes--any fact from which, either by itself or in connection with other facts, the existence,.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Chapter 2

Title: Of the Relevancy of Facts

State: Central

Year: 1872

..... _______________________ 1. See now the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) Section 6 - Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction Facts which, though not in issue, are so connected with a fact in issue as to form part of the same transaction, are relevant, whether they occurred at the same time and place or at different times and places. Illustrations (a) A is accused of the murder of B by beating him. Whatever was said or done by A or B or the by-standers at the beating, or so shortly before or after it as to form part of the transaction, is a relevant fact. (b) A is accused of waging war against the 1 [Government of India] by taking part in an armed insurrection in which property is destroyed, troops are attacked and goals are broken open. The occurrence of these facts is relevant, as forming part of the general transaction, thought A may not have been present at all of them. (c) A sues B for a libel contained in a letter forming part of a correspondence. Letters between the parties relating to the subject out of which the libel arose, and forming part of the correspondence in which it is contained, are relevant facts, though they do not.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Section 8

Title: Motive, Preparation and Previous or Subsequent Conduct

State: Central

Year: 1872

Any fact is relevant which shows or constitutes a motive or preparation for any fact in issue or relevant fact. The conduct of any party, or of any agent to any party, to any suit or proceeding, in reference to such suit or proceeding, or in reference to a fact in issue therein or relevant thereto, and the conduct of any person an offence against whom is the subject of any proceeding, is relevant, if such conduct influences or is influenced by any fact in issue or relevant fact, and whether it was previous or subsequent thereto. Explanation 1.The word "conduct" in this section does not include statements, unless those statements accompany and explain acts other than statements, but this explanation is not to affect the relevancy of statements under any other section of this Act. Explanation 2.When the conduct of any person is relevant, any statement made to him or in his presence and hearing, which affects such conduct, is relevant. Illustrations (a) A is tried for the murder of B. The facts that A murdered C, that B knew that A had murdered C, and that B had tried to extort money from A by threatening to make his knowledge public, are relevant. (b) A sues B upon a.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Section 32

Title: Cases in Which Statement of Relevant Fact by Person Who is Dead or Cannot Be Found, Etc., is Relevant

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....procured, without an amount of delay or expense which under the circumstances of the case appears to the Court unreasonable, are themselves relevant facts in the following cases:-- (1) when it relates to cause of death.-When the statement is made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death, in cases in which the cause of that person's death comes into question. Such statements are relevant whether the person who made them was or was not, at the time when they were made, under expectation of death, and whatever may be the nature of the proceeding in which the cause of his death comes into question. (2) or is made in course of business.-When the statement was made by such person in the ordinary course of business, and in particular when it consists of any entry or memorandum made by him in books kept in the ordinary course of business, or in the discharge of professional duly; or of an acknowledgment written or signed by him of the receipt of money, goods, securities or property of any kind; or of a document used in commerce written or signed by him; or of the date of a letter or other document.....

The Indian Penal Code 1860 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....1908, `India', means the territory of India excluding the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Under s. 2(e) of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, `India' means for the purposes of this Act the territories to which this Act extends (i.e., whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir). According to s. 2(27) of Customs Act, 1962, `India' includes the territorial waters of India. SECTION 19: "JUDGE" The word "judge" denotes not only every person who is officially designated as a Judge, but also every person, who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, a definitive judgement or a judgement which, if not appealed against, would be definitive, or a judgement which, if confirmed by some other authority, would be definitive, or who is one of a body of persons, which body of persons is empowered by law to give such a judgement. Illustrations (a) A Collector exercising jurisdiction in a suit under Act 10 of 1859, is a Judge. (b) A Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in respect of a charge on which he has power to sentence to fine or imprisonment, with or without appeal, is a Judge. (c) A member of a Panchayat which has power.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Part 3

Title: Production and Effect of Evidence

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....the burden of proving that fact is upon him. Illustrations (a) When a person does an act with some intention other than that which the character and circumstances of the act suggest, the burden of proving that intention is upon him. (b) A is charged with travelling on a railway without a ticket. The burden of proving that he had a ticket is on him Section 107 - Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years When the question is whether a man is alive or dead, and it is shown that he was alive within thirty years, the burden of proving that he is dead is on the person who affirms it. Section 108 - Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years 1 [Provided that when] the question is whether a man is alive or dead, and it is proved that he has not been heard of for seven years by those who would naturally have heard of him if he had been alive, the burden of proving that he is alive is 2 [shifted to] the person who affirms it. _______________________ 1. Substituted by Act 18 of 1872, section 9, for "when". 2. Substituted by Act 18 of 1972, section 9, for "on". Section 109 - Burden of.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Chapter 10

Title: Of the Examination of Witnesses

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....by the mere fact that he produces it, and cannot be cross-examined unless and until he is called as a witness. Section 140 - Witnesses to character Witnesses to character may be cross-examined and re-examined. Section 141 - Leading questions Any question suggesting the answer which the person pulling it wishes or expects to receive, is called a leading question. Section 142 - When they must not be asked Leading questions must not, if objected to by the adverse party, be asked in an examination-in-chief, or in a re-examination, except with the permission of the Court. The Court shall permit leading questions as to matters which are introductory or undisputed, or which have, in its opinion, been already sufficiently proved. Section 143 - When they may be asked Leading questions may be asked in cross-examination. Section 144 - Evidence as to matters in writing Any witness may be asked, whilst under examination whether any contract, grant or other disposition of property, as to which he is giving evidence, was not contained in a document, and if he says that it was, or if he is about to make any statement as to the contents of any document, which in the.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Section 155

Title: Impeaching Credit of Witness

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....that he delivered the goods to B. Evidence is offered to show that, on a previous occasion, he said that he had not delivered goods to B. The evidence is admissible. (b) A is indicted for the murder of B. C says the B, when dying, declared that A had given B the wound of which he died. Evidence is offered to show that, on a previous occasion, C said that the wound was not given by A or in his presence. The evidence is admissible. _______________________ 1. Substituted by Act 18 of 1872, section 11, for "had". 2. Clause (4) omitted by Act 4 of 2003, section 3 (w.e.f. 31-12-2002). Prior to omission, it read as: "(4) when a man is prosecuted for rape or an attempt to ravish, it may be shown that the prosecutrix was of generally immoral character."