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Start Free TrialIndian Contract Act, 1872 Chapter 2
Title: Of Contracts, Voidable Contracts and Void Agreements
State: Central
Year: 1872
.....him to enter into the contract : (1) the suggestion, as a fact, of that which is not true, by one who does not believe it to be true; (2) the active concealment of a fact by one having knowledge or belief of the fact; (3) a promise made without any intention of performing it; (4) any other act fitted to deceive; (5) any such act or omission as the law specially declares to be fraudulent. Explanation.-Mere silence as to facts likely to affect the willingness of a person to enter into a contract is not fraud, unless the circumstances of the case are such that, regard being had to them, it is the duty of the person keeping silence to speak2 , or unless his silence is, in itself, equivalent to speech. Illustrations (a) A sells, by auction, to B, a horse which A knows to be unsound. A says nothing to B about the horse's unsoundness. This is not fraud in A. (b) B is A's daughter and has just come of age. Here, the relation between the parties would make it A's duty to tell B if the horse is unsound. (c) B says to A-"If you do not deny it, I shall assume that the horse is sound." A says nothing. Here, A's silence is equivalent to speech. (d) A and B, being.....
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Contract Act, 1872 Section 19
Title: Voidability of Agreement Without Free Consent
State: Central
Year: 1872
.....a contract voidable. Illustrations (a) A, intending to deceive B, falsely represents that five hundred maunds of indigo are made annually at A's factory, and thereby induces B to buy the factory. The contract is voidable at the option of B. (b) A, by a misrepresentation, leads B erroneously to believe that five hundred maunds of indigo are made annually at A's factory. B examines the accounts of the factory, which show that only four hundred maunds of indigo have been made. After this B buys the factory. The contract is not voidable on account of A's misrepresentation. (c) A fraudulently informs B that A's estate is free from encumbrance. B thereupon buys the estate. The estate is subject to a mortgage. B may either avoid the contract, or may insist on its being carried out and the mortgage debt redeemed. (d) B, having discovered a vein of ore on the estate of A, adopts means to conceal, and does conceal, the existence of the ore from A. Through A's ignorance B is enabled to buy the estate at an undervalue. The contract is voidable at the option of A. (e) A is entitled to succeed to an estate at the death of B, B dies; C, having received intelligence of B's death,.....
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Contract Act, 1872 Section 53
Title: Liability of Party Preventing Event on Which the Contract is to Take Effect
State: Central
Year: 1872
When a contract contains reciprocal promises, and one party to the contract prevents the other from performing his promise, the contract becomes voidable at the option of the party so prevented: and he is entitled to compensation1from the other party for any loss which he may sustain in consequence of the non-performance of the contract. Illustration A and B contract that B shall execute certain work for A for a thousand rupees. B is ready and willing to execute the work accordingly, but A prevents him from doing so. The contract is voidable at the option of B; and, if he elects to rescind it, he is entitled to recover from A compensation for any loss which he has incurred by its non-performance. ______________________ 1. See section 73, infra.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Contract Act, 1872 Section 55
Title: Effect of Failure to Perform at a Fixed Time, in Contract in Which Time is Essential
State: Central
Year: 1872
.....voidable at the option of the promisee, if the intention of the parties was that time should be of the essence of the contract. Effect of such failure when time is not essential If it was not the intention of the parties that time should be of the essence of the contract, the contract does not become voidable by the failure to do such thing at or before the specified time; but the promisee is entitled to compensation from the promisor for any loss occasioned to him by such failure. Effect of acceptance of performance at time other than that agreed upon. - If, in case of a contract voidable on account of the promisor's failure to perform his promise at the time agreed, the promisee accepts performance of such promise at any time other than that agreed, the promisee cannot claim compensation for any loss occasioned by the non-performance of the promise at the time agreed, unless, at the time of such acceptance he gives notice to the promisor of his intention to do so.1 ______________________ 1. Cf. section 62 and 63, infra.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Contract Act, 1872 Section 19A
Title: Power to Set Aside Contract Induced by Undue Influence
State: Central
Year: 1872
1 [Power to set aside contract induced by undue influence When consent to an agreement is caused by undue influence, the agreement is a contract voidable at the option of the by party whose consent was so caused. Any such contract may be set aside either absolutely or, if the party who was entitled to avoid it has received any benefit thereunder, upon such terms and conditions as to the Court may seem just. Illustrations ( a) A's son has forged B's name to a promissory note. B, under threat of prosecuting A's son, obtains a bond from A for the amount of the forged note. If B sues on this bond, the Court may set the bond aside. (b) A, a money-lender, advances Rs.100 to B, an agriculturist, and, by undue influence, induces B to execute a bond for Rs. 200 with interest at 6 percent per month. The Court may set the bond aside, ordering B to repay the Rs.100 with such interest as may seem just.] ______________________ 1. Inserted by Act 6 of 1899, section 3.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Contract Act, 1872 Section 64
Title: Consequences of Rescission of Voidable Contract
State: Central
Year: 1872
When a person at whose option a contract is voidable rescinds it, the other party thereto need not perform any promise therein contained in which he is promisor. The party rescinding a voidable contract shall, if he have received any benefit thereunder from another party to such contract, restore such benefit, so far as may be, to the person from whom it was received.1 _______________________ 1 . See section 75, infra.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionSUPPLY OF FOREST PRODUCE BY GOVERNMENT (REVISION OF AGREEMENTS) ACT, 1987 Section 6
Title: Purchaser may terminate agreement after giving one month's notice
State: Karnataka
Year: 1987
If any amendment made in the terms and conditions of an agreement under section 3 or any revision made in the price under that section, is not acceptable to the purchaser, he may, at his option, by giving to the State Government one month's notice in writing, within a period of three months from the date on which the amendment in the terms and conditions or the revision in the price, as the case may be, is communicated to him, terminate the agreement and accordingly the agreement shall stand terminated at the end of the notice period.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Contract Act, 1872 Section 238
Title: Effect, on Agreement, of Misrepresentation or Fraud by Agent
State: Central
Year: 1872
Misrepresentations made, or frauds committed, by agents acting in the course of their business for their principals, have the same effect on agreements made by such agents as if such misrepresentations or frauds had been made or committed by the principals; but misrepresentations made, or frauds committed, by agents, in matters which do not fall within their authority, do not affect their principals. Illustration (a) A, being B's agent for the sale of goods, induces C to buy them by a misrepresentation, which he was not authorized by B to make. The contract is voidable, as between B and C, at the option of C. (b) A, the captain of B's ship, signs bills of lading without having received on board the goods mentioned therein. The bills of lading are void as between B and the pretended consignor.
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Contract Act, 1872 Chapter 6
Title: Of the Consequences of Breach of Contract
State: Central
Year: 1872
.....in advance. A repairs the house, but not according to contract. B is entitled to recover from A the cost of making the repairs conform to the contract. (g) A contracts to let his ship to B for a year, from the first of January, for a certain price. Freights rise, and, on the first of January, the hire obtainable for the ship is higher than the contract price. A breaks his promise. He must pay to B, by way of compensation, a sum equal to the difference between the contract price and the price for which B could hire a similar ship for a year on and from the first of January. (h) A contracts to supply B with a certain quantity of iron at a fixed price, being a higher price than that for which A could procure and deliver the iron. B wrongfully refuses to receive the iron. B must pay to A, by way of compensation, the difference between the contract price of the iron and the sum for which A could have obtained and delivered it. (i) A delivers to B, a common carrier, a machine, to be conveyed, without delay, to A's mill, informing B that his mill is stopped for want of the machine. B unreasonably delays the delivery of the machine, and A, in consequence, loses a profitable.....
View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionIndian Contract Act, 1872 Complete Act
Title: Indian Contract Act, 1872
State: Central
Year: 1872
.....- Ratification may be expressed or implied Section198 - Knowledge requisite for valid ratification Section199 - Effect of ratifying unauthorized act forming part of a transaction Section200 - Ratification of unauthorized act cannot injure third person Section201 - Termination of agency Section202 - Termination of agency, where agent has an interest in subject-matter Section203 - When principal may revoke agents authority Section204 - Revocation where authority has been partly exercised Section205 - Compensation for revocation by principal, or renunciation by agent Section206 - Notice of revocation or renunciation Section207 - Revocation and renunciation may be expressed or implied Section208 - When termination of agents authority takes effect as to agent and as to third persons Section209 - Agents duty on termination of agency by principals death or insanity Section210 - Termination of sub-agents authority Section211 - Agents duty in conducting principals business Section212 - Skill and diligence required from agent Section213 - Agents accounts Section214 - Agents duty to communicate with principal Section215 - Right of principal when agent deals, on his own.....
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