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Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Chapter 2

Title: General Explanations

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....words which refer to acts done extend also to illegal omissions. Section 33 - "Act", "Omission" The word "act" denotes as well a series of acts as a single act : the word "omission" denotes as well as series of omissions as a single omission. Section 34 - Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention 1 [34. Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of the common intention of all, each of such persons is liable for that act in the same manner as if it were done by him alone.] ___________________ 1. Substituted by Act 27 of 1870, section 1, for the original section. Section 35 - When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention Whenever an act, which is criminal only by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention, is done by several persons, each of such persons who joins in the act with such knowledge or intention is liable for the act in the same manner as if the act were done by him alone with that knowledge or intention. Section 36 - Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission .....

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 120A

Title: Definition of Criminal Conspiracy

State: Central

Year: 1860

When two or more persons agree to do, or cause to be done,-- (1) an illegal act, or (2) an act which is not illegal by illegal means, such an agreement is designated a criminal conspiracy: Provided that no agreement except an agreement to commit an offence shall amount to a criminal conspiracy unless some act besides the agreement is done by one or more parties to such agreement in pursuance thereof. Explanation.--It is immaterial whether the illegal act is the ultimate object of such agreement, or is merely incidental to that object.]

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Chapter 11

Title: Of False Evidence and Offences Against Public Justice

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....by the A.O. 1948, the A.O. 1950 and Act 3 of 1951, section 3 and Schedule to read as above. 4. The words "or under the Fugitive Offenders Act, 1881," omitted by Act 3 of 1951, section 3 and Schedule. Section 216A - Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits 1[Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that any persons are about to commit or have recently committed robbery or dacoity, harbours them or any of them, with the intention of facilitating the commission of such robbery or dacoity or of screening them or any of them from punishment, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.--For the purposes of this section it is immaterial whether the robbery or dacoity is intended to be committed, or has been committed, within or without2[India]. Exception.--This provision does not extend to the case in which the harbour is by the husband or wife of the offender.] _______________________ 1. Inserted by Act 3 of 1894, section 8. 2. The words "British India" have successively been substituted by the A.O. 1948, the A.O. 1950 and.....

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 216A

Title: Penalty for Harbouring Robbers or Dacoits

State: Central

Year: 1860

1[Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits Whoever, knowing or having reason to believe that any persons are about to commit or have recently committed robbery or dacoity, harbours them or any of them, with the intention of facilitating the commission of such robbery or dacoity or of screening them or any of them from punishment, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.--For the purposes of this section it is immaterial whether the robbery or dacoity is intended to be committed, or has been committed, within or without2[India]. Exception.--This provision does not extend to the case in which the harbour is by the husband or wife of the offender.] _______________________ 1. Inserted by Act 3 of 1894, section 8. 2. The words "British India" have successively been substituted by the A.O. 1948, the A.O. 1950 and Act 3 of 1951, sec. 3 and Schedule, to read as above.

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Chapter 16

Title: Of Offences Affecting the Human Body

State: Central

Year: 1860

..... 1. Substituted by Act 26 of 1955, section 117 and Schedule, for "transportation for life" (w.e.f. 1-1-1956). 2. Inserted by Act 27 of 1870, section 11. 3. Inserted by Act 12 of 1891, section 2 and Schedule II. Section 308 - Attempt to commit culpable homicide Whoever does any act with such intention or knowledge and under such circumstances that, if he by that act caused death, he would be guilty of culpable homicide not amounting to murder, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both; and, if hurt is caused to any person by such act, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both. Illustration A, on grave and sudden provocation, fires a pistol at Z, under such circumstances that if he thereby caused death he would be guilty of culpable homicide not amounting to murder. A has committed the offence defined in this section. Section 309 - Attempt to commit suicide Whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any act towards the commission of such offence, shall he punished with.....

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 300

Title: Murder

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....defence. Explanation.--Whether the provocation was grave and sudden enough to prevent the offence from amounting to murder is a question of fact. Illustrations (a) A, under the influence of passion excited by a provocation given by Z, intentionally kills. Y, Z"s child. This is murder, in as much as the provocation was not given by the child, and the death of the child was not caused by accident or misfortune in doing an act caused by the provocation. (b) Y gives grave and sudden provocation to, A, A, on this provocation, fires a pistol at Y, neither intending nor knowing himself to be likely to kill Z, who is near him, but out of sight. A kills Z. Here A has not committed murder, but merely culpable homicide. (c) A is lawfully arrested by Z, a bailiff. A is excited to sudden and violent passion by the arrest, and kills Z. This is murder, in as much as the provocation was given by a thing done by a public servant in the exercise of his powers. (d) A appears as witness before Z, a Magistrate, Z says that he does not believe a word of A's deposition, and that A has perjured himself. A is moved to sudden passion by these words, and kills Z. This is murder. (e) A.....

The Indian Penal Code 1860 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....1908, `India', means the territory of India excluding the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Under s. 2(e) of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, `India' means for the purposes of this Act the territories to which this Act extends (i.e., whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir). According to s. 2(27) of Customs Act, 1962, `India' includes the territorial waters of India. SECTION 19: "JUDGE" The word "judge" denotes not only every person who is officially designated as a Judge, but also every person, who is empowered by law to give, in any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, a definitive judgement or a judgement which, if not appealed against, would be definitive, or a judgement which, if confirmed by some other authority, would be definitive, or who is one of a body of persons, which body of persons is empowered by law to give such a judgement. Illustrations (a) A Collector exercising jurisdiction in a suit under Act 10 of 1859, is a Judge. (b) A Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in respect of a charge on which he has power to sentence to fine or imprisonment, with or without appeal, is a Judge. (c) A member of a Panchayat which has power.....

Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) Section 29

Title: "document"

State: Central

Year: 1860

.....which may be used as evidence of the contract, is a document. A cheque upon a banker is a document. A power-of-attorney is a document. A map or plan which is intended to be used or which may be used as evidence, is a document. Explanation 2.--Whatever is expressed by means of letters, figures or marks as explained by mercantile or other usage, shall be deemed to be expressed by such letters, figures or marks within the meaning of this section, although the same may not be actually expressed. Illustration A writes his name on the back of a bill of exchange payable to his order. The meaning of the endorsement, as explained by mercantile usage, is that the bill is to be paid to the holder. The endorsement is a document, and must be construed in the same manner as if the words "pay to the holder" or words to that effect had been written over the signature.

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Section 126

Title: Professional Communications

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....that nothing in this section shall protect from disclosure-- (1) Any such communication made in furtherance of any 1 [illegal] purpose; (2) Any fact observed by any barrister, pleader, attorney or vakil, in the course of his employment as such, showing that any crime or fraud has been committed since the commencement of his employment. It is immaterial whether the attention of such barrister, 2 [pleader], attorney or vakil was or was not directed to such fact by or no behalf of his client. Explanation.-The obligation staled in this section continues after the employment has ceased. Illustration (a) A, a client, says to B, an attorney--"I have committed forgery and I wish you to defend me". As the defence of a man known to be guilty is not a criminal purpose, this communication is protected from disclosure. (b) A, a client, says to B, an attorney--"I wish to obtain possession of property by the use of forged deed on which I request you to sue". This communication, being made in furtherance of a criminal purpose, is not protected from disclosure. (c) A, being charged with embezzlement, retains B, an attorney, to defend him. In the course of the proceedings, B.....

Indian Evidence Act, 1872 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....to another when the one is connected with the other in any of the ways referred to in the provisions of this Act relating to the relevancy of facts. "Facts in issue" " The expression "facts in issue" means and includes " any fact from which, either by itself or in connection with other facts, the existence, non-existence, nature or extent of any right, liability, or disability, asserted or denied on any suit or proceeding, necessarily follows. Explanation - Whenever, under the provisions of the law for the time being in force relating to Civil Procedure, any Court records an issue of fact, the fact to be asserted or denied in the answer to such issue is a fact in issue. Illustrations A is accused of the murder of B. At his trial the following facts may be in issue:- That caused A B's death; That A intended to cause Bs' death; That A had received grave and sudden provocation from B; That A, at the time of doing the act which caused B's death, was, by reason of unsoundness of mind, incapable of knowing its nature. "Documents" " "Documents" means any matter expressed of described upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means,.....