Easement by Implication - Bare Acts

Indian Easements Act, 1882 Chapter 5

Title: The Extinction, Suspension and Revival of Easements

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....to B, and lawfully imposes an easement on the land in favour of C in accordance with the provisions of section 10. The land is sold to D in satisfaction of the mortgage-debt. The easement is not thereby extinguished. Section 38 - Extinction by release An easement is extinguished when the dominant owner releases it, expressly or impliedly, to the servient owner. Such release can be made only in the circumstances and to the extent in and to which the dominant owner can alienate the dominant heritage. An easement may be released as to part only of the servient heritage. Explanation I.--An easement is impliedly released-- (a) where the dominant owner expressly authorises an act of a permanent nature to be done on the servient heritage, the necessary consequence of which is to prevent his future enjoyment of the easement, and such act is done in pursuance of such authority; (b) where any permanent alteration is made in the dominant heritage of such a nature as to show that the dominant owner intended to cease to enjoy the easement in future. Explanation II.--Mere non-user of an easement is not an implied release within the meaning of this section. Illustrations .....

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Chapter 2

Title: The Imposition, Acquisition and Transfer of Easements

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....sale took effect. A is entitled to the light, and B cannot build on the land so as to obstruct such light. (g) A the owner of a house, sells IS a factor)' built on adjoining land, B is entitled, as against A, to pollute the air, when necessary, with smoke and vapours from the factory. (h) A, the owner of two adjoining houses, Y and Z, sells Y to B, and retains Z. B is entitled to the benefit of all gutters and drains common to the two houses and necessary for enjoying Y as it was enjoyed when the sale took effect, and A is entitled to the benefit of all the gutters and drains common to the two houses and necessary for enjoying Z as it was enjoyed when the sale look effect. (i) A, the owner of two adjoining buildings, sells one to B, retaining the other. B is entitled to a right to lateral support from A's building, and A is entitled to a right to lateral support from B's building. (j) A, the owner of two adjoining buildings, sells one to B and the other to C. C is entitled to lateral support from B's building, and B is entitled to lateral support from C's building. (k) A grants lands to ti for the purpose of building a house thereon. B is entitled to such amount of.....

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Chapter 3

Title: The Incidents of Easements

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....of his mill. He cannot thereby increase his right to divert water. (b) A has acquired an easement to pollute a stream by carrying on a manufacture on its banks by which a certain quantity of foul matter is discharged into it. A extends his works and thereby increases the quantity discharged. He is responsible to the lower riparian owners for injury done by such increase. (c) A as the owner of a farm, has a right to lake for the purpose of manuring his farm: leaves which have fallen from the trees on B's land. A buys a field and unites it to his farm. A is not thereby entitled to take leaves to manure this fields. Section 30 - Partition of dominant heritage Where a dominant heritage is divided between two or more persons, the easement becomes annexed to each of the shares, but not so as to increase substantially the burden on the servient heritage: Provided that such annexation is consistent with the terms of the instrument, decree or revenue proceeding (if any) under which the division was made, and in the case of prescriptive rights, with the user during the prescriptive period. Illustrations (a) A house to which a right of way by a particular path is annexed.....

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Complete Act

Title: Indian Easements Act, 1882

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....which cannot be acquired by prescription Section18 - Customary easements Section19 - Transfer of dominant heritage passes easement Chapter 3 Section20 - Rules controlled by contract or title Section21 - Bar to use unconnected with enjoyment Section22 - Exercise of easement. Confinement of exercise of easement Section23 - Right to alter mode of enjoyment Section24 - Right to do acts to secure enjoyment Section25 - Liability for expenses necessary for preservation of easements Section26 - Liability for damage from want of repair Section27 - Servient owner not bound to do anything Section28 - Extent of easements Section29 - Increase of easement Section30 - Partition of dominant heritage Section31 - Obstruction in case of excessive user Chapter 4 Section32 - Right to enjoyment without disturbance Section33 - Suit for disturbance of easement Section34 - When cause of action arises for removal of support Section35 - Injunction to restrain disturbance Section36 - Abatement of obstruction of easement Chapter 5 Section37 - Extinction by dissolution of right of servient owner Section38 - Extinction by release Section39 - Extinction by revocation Section40 -.....

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Chapter 1

Title: Of Easements Generally

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....The right of every owner of upper land that water naturally rising in or falling on such land, and not passing in defined channels, shall be allowed by the owner of adjacent lower land to run naturally thereto. (j) The right of every owner of land abutting on a natural stream, lake or pond to use and consume its water for drinking, household purposes and watering his cattle and sheep and the right of every such owner to use and consume the water for irrigating such land, and for the purposes of any manufactory situate thereon, provided that he does not thereby cause material injury to other like owner. Explanation.--A natural stream is a stream, whether permanent or intermittent, tide or tideless, on the surface of land or underground, which flows by the operation of nature only and in a natural and known course.

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Section 13

Title: Easements of Necessity and Quasi Easements

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....sale took effect. A is entitled to the light, and B cannot build on the land so as to obstruct such light. (g) A the owner of a house, sells IS a factor)' built on adjoining land, B is entitled, as against A, to pollute the air, when necessary, with smoke and vapours from the factory. (h) A, the owner of two adjoining houses, Y and Z, sells Y to B, and retains Z. B is entitled to the benefit of all gutters and drains common to the two houses and necessary for enjoying Y as it was enjoyed when the sale took effect, and A is entitled to the benefit of all the gutters and drains common to the two houses and necessary for enjoying Z as it was enjoyed when the sale look effect. (i) A, the owner of two adjoining buildings, sells one to B, retaining the other. B is entitled to a right to lateral support from A's building, and A is entitled to a right to lateral support from B's building. (j) A, the owner of two adjoining buildings, sells one to B and the other to C. C is entitled to lateral support from B's building, and B is entitled to lateral support from C's building. (k) A grants lands to ti for the purpose of building a house thereon. B is entitled to such amount of.....

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Chapter 4

Title: The Disturbance of Easements

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....the evidence of the easement, or by materially diminishing the value of the dominant heritage, is substantial damage within the meaning of this section and section 34. Explanation II.--Where the easement disturbed is a right to the free passage of light passing to the openings in a house, no damage is substantial within the meaning of this section unless it falls within the first Explanation, or interferes materially with the physical comfort of the plaintiff, or prevents him from carrying on his accustomed business in the dominant heritage as beneficially as he had done previous to instituting the suit, Explanation III--Where the easement disturbed is a right to the free passage of air to the openings in a house, damage is substantial within the meaning of this section if it interferes materially with the physical comfort of the plaintiff, though it is not injurious to his health. Illustrations (a) A places a permanent obstruction in a path over which B, as tenant of C's house, has a right of way. This is substantial damage to C, for it may affect the evidence of his reversionary right to the easement. (b) A, as owner of a house, has a right to walk along one side.....

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Section 5

Title: Continuous and Discontinuous, Apparent and Non-apparent Easements

State: Central

Year: 1882

Easements are either continuous or discontinuous, apparent or non-apparent. A continuous easement is one whose enjoyment is, or may be, continual without the act of man. A discontinuous easement is one that needs the act of man for its enjoyment. An apparent easement is one the existence of which is shown by some permanent sign which, upon careful inspection by a competent person, would be visible to him. A non-apparent easement is one that has no such sign. Illustrations (a) A right annexed to B 's house to receive light by the windows without obstruction by his neighbour A. This is a continuous casement. (b) A right of way annexed to A's house over B's land. This is a discontinuous easement. (c) Rights annexed to, A's land to lead water thither across B's land by an aqueduct and to draw off water thence by a drain. The drain would be discovered upon careful inspection by a person conversant with such matters. These are apparent easements. (d) A right annexed to A's house to prevent B from building on his own land. This is a non-apparent easement.

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Section 4

Title: "easement Defined"

State: Central

Year: 1882

.....is called the servient heritage, and the owner or occupier thereof the servient owner. Explanation.-- In the first and second clauses of this section, the expression "land" includes also things permanently attached to the earth; the expression "beneficial enjoyment" includes also possible convenience, remote advantage, and even a mere amenity; and the expression "to do something" includes removal and appropriation by the dominant owner, for the beneficial enjoyment of the dominant heritage, of any part of the soil of the servient heritage, or anything growing or subsisting thereon. Illustrations (a) A, as the owner of a certain house, has a right of way thither over his neighbour B's land for purposes connected with the beneficial enjoyment of the house. This is an easement. (b) A, as the owner of a certain house, has the right to go on his neighbour B's land, and to take water for the purposes of his household, out of a spring therein. This is an easement. (c) A, as the owner of a certain house, has the right to conduct water from B's stream to supply the fountain in the garden attached to the house. This is an easement. (d) A, as the owner of a certain.....

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Indian Easements Act, 1882 Section 18

Title: Customary Easements

State: Central

Year: 1882

An easement may be acquired in virtue of a local custom. Such easements are called customary easements. Illustrations (a) By the custom of a certain village every cultivator of village land is entitled, as such, to graze his cattle on the common pasture. A having become the tenant of a plot of uncultivated land in the village breaks up and cultivates that plot. He thereby acquire? an easement to graze his cattle in accordance with the custom. (b) By the custom of a certain town no owner or occupier of a house can open a new window therein so as substantially to invade his neighbour's privacy. A builds a house in the town near B's house. A thereupon acquires an easement that B shall not open new windows in his house so as to command a view of the portions of A's house which are ordinarily excluded from observation, and B acquires a like easement with respect to A's house.

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