Act Text
Section1 - SHORT TITLE This Act may be called the Indian Contract Act, 1872. Extent and commencement.-It extends to the whole of
Section2 - INTERPRETATION CLAUSE. In this Act the following words and expressions are used in the following senses, unless a
Chapter01 - : OF COMMUNICATION, ACCEPTANCE AND REVOCATION OF PROPOSALS
Section3 - COMMUNICATION, ACCEPTANCE AND REVOCATION OF PROPOSALS The communication of proposals, the acceptance of proposals, and
Section4 - COMMUNICATION WHEN COMPLETE The communication of a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the person to
Section5 - REVOCATION OF PROPOSALS AND ACCEPTANCES. A proposal may be revoked at any time before the communication of its
Section6 - REVOCATION HOW MADE. A proposal is revoked
Section7 - ACCEPTANCE MUST BE ABSOLUTE In order to convert a proposal into a promise, the acceptance must
Section8 - ACCEPTANCE BY PERFORMING CONDITIONS, OR RECEIVING CONSIDERATION. Performance of the conditions of a proposal, or the
Section9 - PROMISES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. Insofar as the proposal or acceptance of any promise is made in words, the promise is
Chapter02 - : OF CONTRACTS, VOIDABLE CONTRACTS AND VOID AGREEMENTS Void agreements
Section10 - WHAT AGREEMENTS ARE CONTRACTS All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to
Section11 - WHO ARE COMPETENT TO CONTRACT Every person is competent to contract who is of the age of majority according to the law
Section12 - WHAT IS A SOUND MIND FOR THE PURPOSES OF CONTRACTING A person is said to be of sound mind for the purposes of making a
Section13 - "CONSENT" DEFINED Two or more persons are said to consent when they agree upon the same thing in the same sense
Section14 - "FREE CONSENT" DEFINED Consent is said to be free when it is not caused by
Section15 - "COERCION" DEFINED "Coercion" is the committing or threatening to commit, any act forbidden by the Indian Penal Code
Section16 - "UNDUE INFLUENCE" DEFINED
Section17 - "FRAUD" DEFINED "Fraud" means and includes any of the following acts committed by a party to a contract, or with his
Section18 - "MISREPRESENTATION" DEFINED "Misrepresentation" means and includes
Section19 - VOIDABILITY OF AGREEMENTS WITHOUT FREE CONSENT When consent to an agreement is caused by coercion, fraud or
Section19A - POWER TO SET ASIDE CONTRACT INDUCED BY UNDUE INFLUENCE When consent to an agreement is caused by undue influence, the
Section20 - AGREEMENT VOID WHERE BOTH PARTIES ARE UNDER MISTAKE AS TO MATTER OF FACT Where both the parties to an agreement are
Section21 - EFFECT OF MISTAKES AS TO LAW A contract is not voidable because it was caused by a mistake as to any law in force in
Section22 - CONTRACT CAUSED BY MISTAKE OF ONE PARTY AS TO MATTER OF FACT A contract is not voidable merely because it was caused by
Section23 - WHAT CONSIDERATIONS AND OBJECTS ARE LAWFUL AND WHAT NOT The consideration or object of an agreement is lawful, unless
Section24 - AGREEMENTS VOID, IF CONSIDERATIONS AND OBJECTS UNLAWFUL IN PART If any part of a single consideration for one or more
Section25 - AGREEMENT VOID, IF MADE WITHOUT CONSIDERATION An agreement made without consideration is void, unless
Section26 - AGREEMENT IN RESTRAINT OF MARRIAGE VOID Every agreement in restraint of the marriage of any person, other than a minor,
Section27 - AGREEMENT IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE VOID Every agreement by which anyone is restrained from exercising a lawful profession,
Section28 - AGREEMENTS IN RESTRAINT OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS VOID 1[Every agreement,
Section29 - AGREEMENTS VOID FOR UNCERTAINTY Agreements, the meaning of which is not certain, or capable of being made certain, are
Section30 - AGREEMENTS BY WAY OF WAGER VOID Agreements by way of wager are void ; and no suit shall be brought for recovering
Chapter03 - : OF CONTINGENT CONTRACTS
Section31 - "CONTINGENT CONTRACT" DEFINED , A "contingent contract" is a contract to do or not to do something, if some event,
Section32 - ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTS CONTINGENT ON AN EVENT HAPPENING Contingent contracts to do or not to do anything if an
Section33 - ENFORCEMENT OF CONTRACTS CONTINGENT ON AN EVENT NOT HAPPENING Contingent contracts to do or not to do anything if an
Section34 - WHEN EVENT ON WHICH CONTRACT IS CONTINGENT TO BE DEEMED IMPOSSIBLE, IF IT IS THE FUTURE CONDUCT OF A LIVING PERSON If
Section35 - WHEN CONTRACTS BECOME VOID WHICH ARE CONTINGENT ON HAPPENING OF SPECIFIED EVENT WITHIN FIXED TIME Contingent contracts
Section36 - AGREEMENTS CONTINGENT ON IMPOSSIBLE EVENTS VOID Contingent agreements to do or not to do anything if an impossible
Section37 - OBLIGATION OF PARTIES TO CONTRACTS The parties to a contract must either perform, or offer to perform, their respective
Section38 - EFFECT OF REFUSAL TO ACCEPT OFFER OF PERFORMANCE Where a promisor has made an offer of performance to the promisee, and
Section39 - EFFECT OF REFUSAL OF PARTY TO PERFORM PROMISE WHOLLY When a party to a contract has refused to perform, or disabled
Section40 - PERSON BY WHOM PROMISE IS TO BE PERFORMED If it appears from the nature of the case that it was the intention of the
Section41 - EFFECT OF ACCEPTING PERFORMANCE FROM THIRD PERSON When a promisee accepts performance of the promise from a third
Section42 - DEVOLUTION OF JOINT LIABILITIES When two or more persons have made a joint promise then, unless a contrary intention
Section43 - ANY ONE OF JOINT PROMISORS MAY B.E COMPELLED TO PERFORM When two or more persons make a joint promise, the promisee
Section44 - EFFECT OF RELEASE OF ONE JOINT PROMISOR Where two or more persons have made a joint promise, a release of one of such
Section45 - DEVOLUTION OF JOINT RIGHTS When a person has made a promise to two or more persons jointly, then, unless a contrary
Section46 - TIME FOR PERFORMANCE OF PROMISE, WHERE NO APPLICATION IS TO BE MADE AND NO TIME IS SPECIFIED Where, by the contract, a
Section47 - TIME AND PLACE FOR PERFORMANCE OF PROMISE, WHERE TIME IS SPECIFIED AND NO APPLICATION TO BE MADE When a promise is to
Section48 - APPLICATION FOR PERFORMANCE ON CERTAIN DAY TO BE AT PROPER TIME AND PLACE When a promise is to be performed on a
Section49 - PLACE FOR PERFORMANCE OF PROMISE, WHERE NO APPLICATION TO BE MADE AND NO PLACE FIXED FOR PERFORMANCE When a promise is
Section50 - PERFORMANCE IN MANNER OR AT TIME PRESCRIBED OR SANCTIONED BY PROMISEE The performance of any promise may be made in any
Section51 - PROMISOR NOT BOUND TO PERFORM UNLESS RECIPROCAL PROMISEE READY AND WILLING TO PERFORM When a contract consists of
Section52 - ORDER OF PERFORMANCE OF RECIPROCAL PROMISES Where the order in which reciprocal promises are to be performed is
Section53 - LIABILITY OF PARTY PREVENTING EVENT ON WHICH THE CONTRACT IS TO TAKE EFFECT When a contract contains reciprocal
Section54 - EFFECT OF DEFAULT AS TO THAT PROMISE WHICH SHOULD BE FIRST PERFORMED, IN CONTRACT CONSISTING OF RECIPROCAL PROMISES
Section55 - EFFECT OF FAILURE TO PERFORM AT FIXED TIME, IN CONTRACT IN WHICH TIME IS ESSENTIAL When a party to a contract promises
Section56 - AGREEMENT TO DO IMPOSSIBLE ACT An agreement to do an act impossible in itself is void. Contract to do act afterwards
Section57 - RECIPROCAL PROMISES TO DO THINGS LEGAL AND ALSO OTHER THINGS ILLEGAL Where persons reciprocally promise, firstly, to do
Section58 - ALTERNATIVE PROMISE, ONE BRANCH BEING ILLEGAL In the case of an alternative promise, one branch of which is legal and
Section59 - APPLICATION OF PAYMENT WHERE DEBT TO BE DISCHARGED IS INDICATED Where a debtor, owing several distinct debts to one
Section60 - APPLICATION OF PAYMENT WHERE DEBT TO BE DISCHARGED IS NOT INDICATED Where the debtor has omitted to intimate and there
Section61 - APPLICATION OF PAYMENT WHERE NEITHER PARTY APPROPRIATES Where neither party makes any appropriation the payment shall
Section62 - EFFECT OF NOVATION, RESCISSION AND ALTERATION OF CONTRACT If the parties to a contract agree to substitute a new
Section63 - PROMISEE MAY DISPENSE WITH OR REMIT PERFORMANCE OF PROMISE Every promisee may dispense with or remit, wholly or in
Section64 - CONSEQUENCES OF RESCISSION OF VOIDABLE CONTRACT Where a person at whose option a contract is voidable rescinds it, the
Section65 - OBLIGATION OF PERSON WHO HAS RECEIVED ADVANTAGE UNDER VOID AGREEMENT OR CONTRACT THAT BECOMES VOID When an agreement is
Section66 - MODE OF COMMUNICATING OR REVOKING RESCISSION OF VOIDABLE CONTRACT The rescission of a voidable contract may be
Section67 - EFFECT OF NEGLECT OF PROMISEE TO AFFORD PROMISOR REASONABLE FACILITIES FOR PERFORMANCE If any promisee neglects or
Chapter05 - : OF CERTAIN RELATIONS RESEMBLING THOSE CREATED BY CONTRACT
Section68 - CLAIM FOR NECESSARIES SUPPLIED TO PERSON INCAPABLE OF CONTRACTING, OR ON HIS ACCOUNT If a person, incapable of entering
Section69 - REIMBURSEMENT OF PERSON PAYING MONEY DUE BY ANOTHER IN PAYMENT OF WHICH HE IS INTERESTED A person who is interested in
Section70 - OBLIGATION OF PERSON ENJOYING BENEFIT OF NON GRATUITOUS ACT Where a person lawfully does anything for another person,
Section71 - RESPONSIBILITY OF FINDER OF GOODS A person who finds goods belonging to another, and takes them into his custody, is
Section72 - LIABILITY OF PERSON TO WHOM MONEY IS PAID, OR THING DELIVERED BY MISTAKE OR UNDER COERCION A person to whom money has
Chapter06 - : OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF BREACH OF CONTRACT
Section73 - COMPENSATION FOR LOSS OR DAMAGE CAUSED BY BREACH OF CONTRACT When a contract has been broken, the party who suffers by
Section74 - COMPENSATION FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT WHERE PENALTY STIPULATED FOR When a contract has been broken, if a sum is named in
Section75 - PARTY RIGHTFULLY RESCINDING CONTRACT ENTITLED TO COMPENSATION A person who rightfully rescinds a contract is entitled
Section124 - "CONTRACT OF INDEMNITY" DEFINED A contract by which one party promises to save the other from loss caused to him by the
Section125 - RIGHTS OF INDEMNITY -HOLDER WHEN SUED The promisee in a contract of indemnity, acting within the scope of his
Section126 - "CONTRACT OF GUARANTEE", "SURETY", "PRINCIPAL DEBTOR" AND "CREDITOR" A "contract of guarantee" is a contract to perform
Section127 - CONSIDERATION FOR GUARANTEE Anything done, or any promise made, for the benefit of the principal debtor, may be a
Section128 - SURETY'S LIABILITY The liability of the surety is co-extensive with that of the principal debtor, unless it is
Section129 - CONTINUING GUARANTEE A guarantee which extends to a series of transactions is called a "continuing guarantee"
Section130 - REVOCATION OF CONTINUING GUARANTEE A continuing guarantee may at any time be revoked by the surety, as to future
Section131 - REVOCATION OF CONTINUING GUARANTEE BY SURETY'S DEATH The death of the surety operates, in the absence of any contract
Section132 - LIABILITY OF TWO PERSONS, PRIMARILY LIABLE, NOT AFFECTED BY ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN THEM THAT ONE SHALL BE SURETY ON
Section133 - DISCHARGE OF SURETY BY VARIANCE IN TERMS OF CONTRACT Any variance, made without surety's consent, in the terms of the
Section134 - DISCHARGE OF SURETY BY RELEASE OR DISCHARGE OF PRINCIPAL DEBTOR The surety is discharged by any contract between the
Section135 - DISCHARGE OF SURETY WHEN CREDITOR COMPOUNDS WITH, GIVES TIME TO, OR AGREES NOT TO SUE, PRINCIPAL DEBTOR A contract
Section136 - SURETY NOT DISCHARGED WHEN AGREEMENT MADE WITH THIRD PERSON TO GIVE TIME TO PRINCIPAL DEBTOR Where a contract to give
Section137 - CREDITOR'S FORBEARANCE TO SUE DOES NOT DISCHARGE SURETY Mere forbearance on the part of the creditor to sue the
Section138 - RELEASE OF ONE CO SURETY DOES NOT DISCHARGE OTHERS Where there are co-sureties, a release by the creditor of one of
Section139 - DISCHARGE OF SURETY BY CREDITOR'S ACT OR OMISSION IMPAIRING SURETY'S EVENTUAL REMEDY If the creditor does any act which
Section140 - RIGHTS OF SURETY ON PAYMENT OR PERFORMANCE Where a guaranteed debt has become due, or default of the principal debtor
Section141 - SURETY'S RIGHT TO BENEFIT OF CREDITOR'S SECURITIES A surety is entitled to the benefit of every security which the
Section142 - GUARANTEE OBTAINED BY MISREPRESENTATION INVALID Any guarantee which has been obtained by means of misrepresentation
Section143 - GUARANTEE OBTAINED BY CONCEALMENT INVALID Any guarantee which the creditor has obtained by means of keeping silence as
Section144 - GUARANTEE ON CONTRACT THAT CREDITOR SHALL NOT ACT ON IT UNTIL CO-SURETY JOINS Where a person gives a guarantee upon a
Section145 - IMPLIED PROMISE TO INDEMNIFY SURETY In every contract of guarantee there is an implied promise by the principal debtor
Section146 - CO-SURETIES LIABLE TO CONTRIBUTE EQUALLY Where two or more persons are co-sureties for the same debt or duty, either
Section147 - LIABILITY OF CO-SURETIES BOUND IN DIFFERENT SUMS Co-sureties who are bound in different sums are liable to pay equally
Chapter09 - : OF BAILMENT Bailment of pledges Suits by bailees or bailors against wrong-doers
Section148 - "BAILMENT", "BAILOR" AND "BAILEE" DEFINED A "bailment" is the delivery of goods by one person to another for some
Section149 - DELIVERY TO BAILEE HOW MADE The delivery to the bailee may be made by doing anything which has the effect of putting
Section150 - BAILOR'S DUTY TO DISCLOSE FAULTS IN GOODS BAILED The bailor is bound to disclose to the bailee faults in the goods
Section151 - CARE TO BE TAKEN BY BAILEE In all cases of bailment the bailee is bound to take as much care of the goods bailed to him
Section152 - BAILEE WHEN NOT LIABLE FOR LOSS, ETC., OF THING BAILED The bailee, in the absence of any special contract, is not
Section153 - TERMINATION OF BAILMENT BY BAILEE'S ACT INCONSISTENT WITH CONDITIONS A contract of bailment is voidable at the option
Section154 - LIABILITY OF BAILEE MAKING UNAUTHORISED USE OF GOODS BAILED If the bailee makes any use of the goods bailed, which is
Section155 - EFFECT OF MIXTURE, WITH BAILOR'S CONSENT, OF HIS GOODS WITH BAILEE'S If the bailee, with the consent of the bailor,
Section156 - EFFECT OF MIXTURE, WITHOUT BAILOR'S CONSENT, WHEN THE GOODS CAN BE SEPARATED If the bailee, without the consent of the
Section157 - EFFECT OF MIXTURE, WITHOUT BAILOR'S CONSENT, WHEN THE GOODS CANNOT BE SEPARATED If the bailee, without the consent of
Section158 - REPAYMENT BY BAILOR OF NECESSARY EXPENSES Where, by the conditions of the bailment, the goods are to be kept or to be
Section159 - RESTORATION OF GOODS LENT GRATUITOUSLY The lender of a thing for use may at any time require its return, if the loan
Section160 - RETURN OF GOODS BAILED ON EXPIRATION OF TIME OR ACCOMPLISHMENT OF PURPOSE It is the duty of bailee to return, or
Section161 - BAILEE'S RESPONSIBILITY WHEN GOODS ARE NOT DULY RETURNED If, by the default of the bailee, the goods are not returned,
Section162 - TERMINATION OF GRATUITOUS BAILMENT BY DEATH A gratuitous bailment is terminated by the death either of the bailor or of
Section163 - BAILOR ENTITLED TO INCREASE OR PROFIT FROM GOODS BAILED In the absence of any contract to the contrary, the bailee is
Section164 - BAILOR'S RESPONSIBILITY TO BAILEE The bailor is responsible to the bailee for any loss which the bailee may sustain by
Section165 - BAILMENT BY SEVERAL JOINT OWNERS If several joint owners of goods bail them, the bailee may deliver them back to, or
Section166 - BAILEE NOT RESPONSIBLE ON REDELIVERY TO BAILOR WITHOUT TITLE If the bailor has no title to the goods, and the bailee,
Section167 - RIGHT OF THIRD PERSON CLAIMING GOODS BALLED If a person, other than the bailor, claims goods bailed, he may apply to
Section168 - RIGHT OF FINDER OF GOODS; MAY SUE FOR SPECIFIC REWARD OFFERED The finder of goods has no right to sue the owner for
Section169 - WHEN FINDER OF THING COMMONLY ON SALE MAY SELL IT When a thing which is commonly the subject of sale if lost, if the
Section170 - BAILEE'S PARTICULAR LIEN Where the bailee has, in accordance with the purpose of the bailment, rendered any service
Section171 - GENERAL LIEN OF BANKERS, FACTORS, WHARFINGERS, ATTORNEYS AND POLICY-BROKERS Bankers, factors, wharfingers, attorneys of
Section172 - "PLEDGE", "PAWNOR" AND "PAWNEE" DEFINED The bailment of goods as security for payment of a debt or performance of a
Section173 - PAWNEE'S RIGHT OF RETAINER The pawnee may retain the goods pledged, not only for payment of the debt or the performance
Section174 - PAWNEE NOT TO RETAIN FOR DEBT OR PROMISE OTHER THAN THAT FOR WHICH GOODS PLEDGED. PRESUMPTION IN CASE OF SUBSEQUENT
Section175 - PAWNEE'S RIGHT AS TO EXTRAORDINARY EXPENSES INCURRED The pawnee is entitled to receive from the pawnor extraordinary
Section176 - PAWNEE'S RIGHT WHERE PAWNOR MAKES DEFAULT If the pawnor makes default in payment of the debt, or performance, at the
Section177 - DEFAULTING PAWNOR'S RIGHT TO REDEEM If a time is stipulated for the payment of the debt, or performance of the promise,
Section178 - PLEDGE BY MERCANTILE AGENT Where a mercantile agent is, with the consent of the owner, in possession of goods or the
Section178A - PLEDGE BY PERSON IN POSSESSION UNDER VOIDABLE CONTRACT When the pawnor has obtained possession of the goods pledged by
Section179 - PLEDGE WHERE PAWNOR HAS ONLY A LIMITED INTEREST Where a person pledges goods in which-he has only a limited interest,
Section180 - SUIT BY BAILOR OR BAILEE AGAINST WRONG DOER If a third person wrongfully deprives the bailee of the use or possession
Section181 - APPORTIONMENT OF RELIEF OR COMPENSATION OBTAINED BY SUCH SUITS Whatever is obtained by way of relief or compensation in
Section182 - "AGENT" AND "PRINCIPAL" DEFINED An "agent" is a person employed to do any act for another or to represent another in
Section183 - WHO MAY EMPLOY AGENT Any person who is of the age of majority according to the law to which he is subject, and who is
Section184 - WHO MAY BE AN AGENT As between the principal and third persons any person may become an agent, but no person who is not
Section185 - CONSIDERATION NOT NECESSARY No consideration is necessary to create an agency
Section186 - AGENT'S AUTHORITY MAY BE EXPRESS OR IMPLIED The authority of an agent may be express or implied
Section187 - DEFINITIONS OF EXPRESS AND IMPLIED AUTHORITY An authority is said to be express when it is given by words, spoken or
Section188 - EXTENT OF AGENT'S AUTHORITY An agent having an authority to do an act has authority to do every lawful thing which is
Section189 - AGENT'S AUTHORITY IN AN EMERGENCY An agent has authority, in an emergency to do all such acts for the purpose of
Section190 - WHEN AGENT CANNOT DELEGATE An agent cannot lawfully employ another to perform acts which he has expressly or impliedly
Section191 - "SUB AGENT" DEFINED A "Sub-agent" is a person employed by, and acting under the control of, the original agent in the
Section192 - REPRESENTATION OF PRINCIPAL BY SUB --AGENT PROPERLY APPOINTED Where a sub-agent is properly appointed, the principal
Section193 - AGENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR SUB AGENT APPOINTED WITHOUT AUTHORITY Where an agent, without having authority to do so, has
Section194 - RELATION BETWEEN PRINCIPAL AND PERSON DULY APPOINTED BY AGENT TO ACT IN BUSINESS OF AGENCY Where an agent, holding an
Section195 - AGENT'S DUTY IN NAMING SUCH PERSON In selecting such agent for his principal, an agent is bound to exercise the same
Section196 - RIGHT OF PERSON AS TO ACTS DONE FOR HIM WITHOUT HIS AUTHORITY. EFFECT OF RATIFICATION Where acts are done by one person
Section197 - RATIFICATION MAY BE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED Ratification may be expressed or may be implied in the conduct of the person
Section198 - KNOWLEDGE REQUISITE FOR VALID RATIFICATION No valid ratification can be made by a person whose knowledge of the facts
Section199 - EFFECT OF RATIFYING UNAUTHORIZED ACT FORMING PART OF A TRANSACTION A person ratifying any unauthorized act done on his
Section200 - RATIFICATION OF UNAUTHORIZED ACT CANNOT INJURE THIRD PERSON An act done by one person on behalf of another, without
Section201 - TERMINATION OF AGENCY An agency is terminated by the principal revoking his authority; or by the agent renouncing the
Section202 - TERMINATION OF AGENCY, WHERE AGENT HAS AN INTEREST IN SUBJECT --MATTER Where the agent has himself an interest in the
Section203 - WHEN PRINCIPAL MAY REVOKE AGENT'S AUTHORITY The principal may, save as is otherwise provided by the last preceding
Section204 - REVOCATION WHERE AUTHORITY HAS BEEN PARTLY EXERCISED The principal cannot revoke the authority given to his agent after
Section205 - COMPENSATION FOR REVOCATION BY PRINCIPAL, OR RENUNCIATION BY AGENT Where there is an express or implied contract that
Section206 - NOTICE OF REVOCATION OR RENUNCIATION Reasonable notice must be given of such revocation or renunciation; otherwise the
Section207 - REVOCATION ARID RENUNCIATION MAY BE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED Revocation and renunciation may be expressed or may be implied
Section208 - WHEN TERMINATION OF AGENT'S AUTHORITY TAKES EFFECT AS TO AGENT, AND AS TO THIRD PERSONS The termination of the
Section209 - AGENT'S DUTY ON TERMINATION OF AGENCY BY PRINCIPAL'S DEATH OR INSANITY When an agency is terminated by the principal
Section210 - TERMINATION OF SUB AGENT'S AUTHORITY The termination of the authority of an agent causes the termination
Section211 - AGENT'S DUTY IN CONDUCTING PRINCIPAL'S BUSINESS An agent is bound to conduct the business of his principal according to
Section212 - SKILL AND DILIGENCE REQUIRED FROM AGENT An agent is bound to conduct the business of the agency with as much skill as
Section213 - AGENT'S ACCOUNTS An agent is bound to render proper accounts to his principal on demand
Section214 - AGENT'S DUTY TO COMMUNICATE WITH PRINCIPAL It is the duty of an agent, in cases of difficulty, to use all reasonable
Section215 - RIGHT OF PRINCIPAL WHEN AGENT DEALS, ON HIS OWN ACCOUNT, IN BUSINESS OF AGENCY WITHOUT PRINCIPAL'S CONSENT If an agent
Section216 - PRINCIPAL'S RIGHT TO BENEFIT GAINED BY AGENT DEALING ON HIS OWN ACCOUNT IN BUSINESS OF AGENCY If an agent, without the
Section217 - AGENT'S RIGHT OF RETAINER OUT OF SUMS RECEIVED ON PRINCIPAL'S ACCOUNT An agent may retain, out of any sums received on
Section218 - AGENT'S DUTY TO PAY SUMS RECEIVED FOR PRINCIPAL Subject to such deductions, the agent is bound to pay to his principal
Section219 - WHEN AGENT'S REMUNERATION BECOMES DUE In the absence of any special contract, payment for the performance of any act is
Section220 - AGENT NOT ENTITLED TO REMUNERATION FOR BUSINESS MISCONDUCTED An agent who is guilty of misconduct in the business of
Section221 - AGENT'S LIEN ON PRINCIPAL'S PROPERTY In the absence of any contract to the contrary, an agent is entitled to retain
Section222 - AGENT TO BE INDEMNIFIED AGAINST CONSEQUENCES OF LAWFUL ACTS The employer of an agent is bound to indemnify him against
Section223 - AGENT TO BE INDEMNIFIED AGAINST CONSEQUENCES OF ACTS DONE IN GOOD FAITH Where one person employs another to do an act,
Section224 - NON LIABILITY OF EMPLOYER OF AGENT TO DO A CRIMINAL ACT Where one person employs another to do an act which is
Section225 - COMPENSATION TO AGENT FOR INJURY CAUSED BY PRINCIPAL'S NEGLECT The principal must make compensation to his agent in
Section226 - ENFORCEMENT AND CONSEQUENCES OF AGENT'S CONTRACTS Contracts entered into through an agent, and obligations arising from
Section227 - PRINCIPAL HOW FOR BOUND, WHEN AGENT EXCEEDS AUTHORITY When an agent does more than he is authorised to do, and when the
Section228 - PRINCIPAL NOT BOUND WHEN EXCESS OF AGENT'S AUTHORITY IS NOT SEPARABLE Where an agent does more than he is authorised to
Section229 - CONSEQUENCES OF NOTICE GIVEN TO AGENT Any notice given to or information obtained by the agent, provided it be given or
Section230 - AGENT CANNOT PERSONALLY ENFORCE, NOR BE BOUND BY, CONTRACTS ON BEHALF OF PRINCIPAL In the absence of any contract to
Section231 - RIGHTS OF PARTIES TO A CONTRACT MADE BY AGENT NOT DISCLOSED If an agent makes a contract with a person who neither
Section232 - PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT WITH AGENT SUPPOSED TO BE PRINCIPAL Where one man makes a contract with another, neither
Section233 - RIGHT OF PERSON DEALING WITH AGENT PERSONALLY LIABLE In cases where the agent is personally liable, a person dealing
Section234 - CONSEQUENCE OF INDUCING AGENT OR PRINCIPAL TO ACT ON BELIEF THAT PRINCIPAL OR AGENT WILL BE HELD EXCLUSIVELY LIABLE
Section235 - LIABILITY OF PRETENDED AGENT A person untruly representing himself to be the authorised agent of another, and thereby
Section236 - PERSON FALSELY CONTRACTING AS AGENT NOT ENTITLED TO PERFORMANCE A person with whom a contract has been entered into in
Section237 - LIABILITY OF PRINCIPAL INDUCING BELIEF THAT AGENT'S UNAUTHORIZED ACTS WERE AUTHORIZED When an agent has, without
Section238 - EFFECT, ON AGREEMENT, OF MISREPRESENTATION OR FRAUD BY AGENT Misrepresentations made, or frauds committed, by agents
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