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Under my hand

Under my hand, means a document signed by me which is defective either in form or expression, or in solemnities of authentication, or in both, Waterson's Trustees v. St. Giles Boy's Club, 1943 SC 369....

Joint-tenancy

Joint-tenancy. This tenancy is created where the same interest in real or personal property is, by the act of the party, passed by the same matter of conveyance or claim in solido, and not as merchan-dise, or for purposes of speculation, to two or more persons in the same right, either simply, or by construction or operation of law jointly, with a jus accrescendi, that is, a gradual concentration of property from more to fewer, by the accession of the part of him or them that die to the survivors or survivor, till it passes to a single hand, and the joint-tenancy ceases.Anciently, joint-tenancy was favoured because it did not induce fractions of estates, and returning to early principles the (English) Land Legislation of 1925 has employed the tenure generally as the machinery by which legal estate may in such cases always be in some person, called the estate owner, who is competent to give a title to the whole estate without the concurrence of other parties. that legal estate has been ...

Reasonable

Reasonable, has in law prima facie meaning of reasonable in regard to those circumstances of which the actor, called upon to act reasonably knows or ought to know, Gujarat Water Supply & Sewerage Board v. Unique Erectors (Gujarat) Pvt. Ltd., (1989) 1 JT SC 157: (1989) 39 ELT 493: AIR 1989 SC 973; Rena Drego v. Lalchand Soni, (1998) 3 SCC 341.Reasonable, has in law the prima facie meaning of reasonable in regard those circumstances of which the actor, called on to act reasonably, knows or ought to know, Rena Drego v. Lalchand Soni, (1998) 3 SCC 341.Means rational, according to dictate of reason and not excessive or immoderate. If something is not per se preposterous or absurd, it must he held to be reasonable. 'The action is called reasonable which an informed, intelligent, just minded, civilized man could rationally favour. The concept of reasonable-ness does not exclude notions of morality and ethics. In the circumstances of a given case consi-derations of morality and ethics may have...

Valuation

Valuation, is a process which does not end on marks being awarded by an examiner, Sanjay Singh v. U.P. Public Service Commission, (2007) 3 SCC 720.Means the act or process of valuing, Jensen v. Jensen, 458 NW 2d 391 (1990).This term is generally applied to the equivalent in money of any kind of property. Thus for the payment of estate duty, a valuation of property of all kinds has to be made. Perhaps the most important and the most difficult valuation is that of land. This has almost invariably to be undertaken whenever land is compulsorily acquired. The difficulties that surround this question were fully considered in the case of Re Lucas and Chesterfield Gas and Water Board, (1909) 1 KB 16, in which Lord Justice Moulton in the course of his judgment said (at p. 29):-'The principles upon which compensation is assessed when land is taken under compulsory powers are well-settled. The owner receives for the lands he gives up their equivalent-that is, that which they are worth to him in m...

Hypothetical tenant

Hypothetical tenant, a term used in valuations for rating denoting the ideal or imaginary person who would take premises at an average of the rents likely to be paid by all persons who could be regarded as possible tenants, including the owner. 'In my opinion, the rent that the (hypothetical) tenant might reasonably be expected to pay is the rent which, apart from all conditions affecting or limiting its receipt in the hands of the land-lord, would be regarded as a reasonable rent for the tenant who occupied under the conditions which the statue imposes,' per Lord Buckmaster, Poplar Union Assessment Committee v. Roberts, 1922 AC 93....

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