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Till and until

Till and until, the general view is that where the expression used in a document is 'till' a specified day' then the specified day is included; but where the expression used is 'until a specified day', then the specified day is excluded, Issac v. Royal Insurance Co., 1870 LR 5 Ex 296....


Till the next date of listing

Till the next date of listing, the words are quite clear and certain in their meaning that the stay order has to continue till any subsequent order is passed by the Court, Shambhoo Nath Singh Yadav v. State of Uttar Pradesh, 1994 (23) All LR 32....


Until other provision is made

Until other provision is made, the provision ins. 14(b) of the 1969 Act is a temporary and transitional provision which continues until other provision is made. The Legislature does not say until other provision is made because the Legislature is always free to legislate. The words 'until other provision is made' mean provision which can be made by the legislature or by the Governor or the executive. The words 'until other provision is made' do not exclusively limit to legislate, N. Lakshmana Rao v. State of Karnataka, (1976) 2 SCC 502: AIR 1975 SC 1646 (1651). [Karnataka Compulsory Primary Education (Amendment and Misc. Provisions) Act, 1969, s. 14(b).]...


Unless and until the contrary is proved

Unless and until the contrary is proved, significance and effect of presumption under parties in contract themselves providing a sum to be paid by the party breaking the contract-Whether this provision removes the presumption under-Whether after removal of his presumption bar under s. 21 oper-ates. (ii) The fact that the parties themselves have provided a sum to be paid by the party breaking the contract does not, by itself, remove the strong presumption contemplated by the use of the words 'unless and until the contrary is proved'. The sufficiency or insufficiency of any evidence to remove such a presumption is a matter of evidence, M.L. Devender Singh v. Syed Khaja, AIR 1973 SC 2457: (1973) 2 SCC 515: (1974) 1 SCR 312....


Until

Until, connotes the idea of a condition precedent, KV Narasimha Rao v. Labour Court Guntur, AIR 1991 NOC 73 (AP).Until, has both inclusive and exclusive meaning according to the context, Rajaram Laxmanji Jadho v. R.P. Samarth, AIR 1956 Nag 278: (1956) Nag LJ 635 (FB)....


Until further orders

Until further orders, the expression 'until further orders' suggest an indefinite period, K.C. Joshi v. Union of India, AIR 1985 SC 1046 (1048): (1985) 3 SCC 153: (1987) 3 SCR 869....


Rent

Rent [fr. reditus Lat.], a certain profit issuing yearly out of lands and tenements corporeal; it may be regarded as of a two fold nature--first, as some-thing issuing out of the land, as a compensation for the possession during the term; and secondly, as an acknowledgment made by the tenant to the lord of his fealty or tenure. It must always be a profit, yet there is no necessity that it should be, as it usually is, a sum of money; for spurs, capons, horses, corn, and other matters, may be, and occasionally are, rendered by way of rent; it may also consist in services or manual operations, as to plough so many acres of ground and the like; which services, in the eye of the law, are profits. The profit must be certain, or that which may be reduced to a certainty by either party; it must issue yearly, though it may be reserved every second, third, or fourth year; it must issue out of the thing granted, and not be part of the land or the thing itself.Consideration paid, usu. periodically...


Conditional fee

Conditional fee. This species of formerly inheritable freehold (now, equitable interest, except under (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 8) is marked, as to its duration or time of continuance, by an event beyond which it is not to endure. The event is the qualification which gives a name to this estate, and ascertains its determination. A fee qualified is frequently called a fee base, i.e., impure, defective, and circumscribed. There is hardly any event, provided it be lawful, and do not violate the rule against perpetuity, which may not be made the cause of the determination of this fee.The following events are specimens of qualifications, which may be expressly annexed to this estate.A limitation to A. and his heirs--(1) Peers of the realm;(2) Lords of the manor of Blackacre;(3) Tenants of the manor of Dale;(4) During the time whilst a particular tree shall stand;(5) Till the marriage of a certain person takes place;(6) Till certain debts be paid;(7) Till default be made in pay...


Domicile

Domicile, the place where a person has his home.By the term 'domicile,' in its ordinary acceptation, is meant the place where a person lives or has his home. In this sense the place where a person has his actual residence, inhabitancy, or commorancy, is sometimes called his domicile. In a strict and legal sense, that is properly the domicile of a person where he has his true fixed permanent home and principal establishment, and to which, whenever he is absent, he has the intention of returning (animus revertendi).Two things, then, must concur to constitute domicile: first, residence; and secondly, the intention of making it the home of the party. There must be the fact and intent; for, as Pothier has truly observed, a person cannot establish a domicile in a place except it be animo et facto.From these considerations and rules the general conclusion may be deduced, that domicile is of three sorts: domicile by birth, domicile by choice, and domicile by operation of law. The first is the ...


Joint-tenancy

Joint-tenancy. This tenancy is created where the same interest in real or personal property is, by the act of the party, passed by the same matter of conveyance or claim in solido, and not as merchan-dise, or for purposes of speculation, to two or more persons in the same right, either simply, or by construction or operation of law jointly, with a jus accrescendi, that is, a gradual concentration of property from more to fewer, by the accession of the part of him or them that die to the survivors or survivor, till it passes to a single hand, and the joint-tenancy ceases.Anciently, joint-tenancy was favoured because it did not induce fractions of estates, and returning to early principles the (English) Land Legislation of 1925 has employed the tenure generally as the machinery by which legal estate may in such cases always be in some person, called the estate owner, who is competent to give a title to the whole estate without the concurrence of other parties. that legal estate has been ...


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