felony pl: -nies : a crime that has a greater punishment imposed by statute than that imposed on a misdemeanor ;specif : a federal crime for which the punishment may be death or imprisonment for more than a year see also attainder, treason NOTE: Originally in English law a felony was a crime for which the perpetrator would suffer forfeiture of all real and personal property as well as whatever sentence was imposed. Under U.S. law, there is no forfeiture of all of the felon's property (real or personal) and such forfeiture is not part of the definition of a felony. For certain crimes, however (as for a conviction under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act or a narcotics law), specific property, such as that used in or gained by the crime, is subject to forfeiture. Every state has its own statutory definition of a felony. Most are in line with the federal definition of a felony as a crime which carries a sentence of imprisonment for more than one year or the death ...
formal rulemaking : rulemaking by a government agency that is on the record after an opportunity for an agency hearing in accordance with the formal procedures set forth in sections 556 and 557 of the Administrative Procedure Act compare informal rulemaking NOTE: Formal rulemaking is usually only done where specifically required by the legislation mandating the agency action. ...
lease [Anglo-French les, from lesser to grant by lease, from Old French laisser to let go, from Latin laxare to loosen, from laxus slack] 1 a : a contract by which an owner of property conveys exclusive possession, control, use, or enjoyment of it for a specified rent and a specified term after which the property reverts to the owner ;also : the act of such conveyance or the term for which it is made see also sublease compare easement, license security interest at interest, tenancy NOTE: Article 2A of the Uniform Commercial Code, which governs leases where adopted, defines lease as “a transfer of the right to possession and use of goods for a term in return for consideration.” build·ing lease : ground lease in this entry consumer lease : a lease made by a lessor regularly engaged in the selling or leasing of a product to a lessee who is leasing the product primarily for his or her personal or household use finance lease : a lease in which the lessor acquires g...
toll [Old English, tax or fee paid for a liberty or privilege, ultimately from Late Latin telonium custom house, from Greek tolōnion, from telōnēs collector of tolls, from telos tax, toll] : a charge for the use of a transportation route or facility ;broadly : a charge for use [a water ] vb [Anglo-French tollir toller to take away, make null, bar, ultimately from Latin tollere to lift up, take away] vt 1 : to take away (as a right) 2 a : to remove the effect of [the court did not the statute of repose after the statutory period had expired] b : suspend [ the running of the statute of limitations] compare run vi : to be suspended [statute of limitations s for a period of seventy-five days following the notice "Parker v. Yen, 823 S.W.2d 359 (1991)"] n : a suspension of effect [the court extended the statute of limitations ] ...
Actio personalis moritur cum persona. A personal action dies with the person, i.e., the right to sue is gone. 'As if battery be done to a man, if he who did the battery or the other die, the action is gone' (Noy, 9th Edn., p. 20). This maxim states the general rule that actions of tort are destroyed by death of either the injured or the injuring party. Besides the statutory exceptions mentioned below, an action may be brought by the personal representatives of a deceased person for injury done to his property in his lifetime. It has also been applied to actions arising out of contracts of a purely personal nature, e.g., promise to marry, Finley v. Chirney, (1880) 20 QBD 494, or to write a book or paint a picture, See Leake on Contracts; Broom's Max.; Twycross v. Grant, (1877) 4 CPD 40; Phillips v. Homfray, (1993) 24 Ch D 439; and Jones v. Simes, (1890) 43 Ch D 607 as to injunction.This rule of the Common Law has been encroached upon by various statutes; by 4 Edw. 3, c. 7, as to trespas...
Advowson [fr. advocare, Lat.], a right of presentation to, or the patronage of, a church or spiritual living; the person possessed of this right or patronage being called the patron or advocate (patronus aut advocatus), on account of his obligation to protect and defend the privileges of the particular benefice. An advowson is in the nature of a temporal property and spiritual trust. For the origin and history of advowsons, consult Mirehouse on Advowsons, pp. 1-6.There are several kinds of advowsons, viz.:--(I.) Presentative advowsons, subdivided into,Appendant.In gross, andPartly appendant, and partly in gross.(II.) Collative advowsons.(I.) A presentative advowson appendant is a right of patronage annexed to the possession of some corporeal hereditament. Thus, where an advowson has immemorially passed together with a manor or reputed manor by a simple grant of such manor, without particularly referring to the advowson, it is then said to be appendant, i.e., annexed to the demesnes of ...
Case stated, a narrative (agreed upon by both parties to an action, or drawn up by an impartial person agreed upon by them or settled by the Court or a judge) setting forth the facts and points in dispute, with a view to a prompt decision. By R.S.C. 1883, Ord. XXXIV., the parties after writ may concur in stating questions of law in the form of a special case, or if it appear to the court or a judge from the pleadings or otherwise that there is a question of law which it would be convenient to have decided in that manner, they or he may order a special case to be stated. See Special Case.As to cases stated by justices of the peace on points of law only for the High Court, see (English) Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. 43), (English) Review of Justices Decisions Act, 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 26), and (English) Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879 (42 & 43 Vict. c. 49), s. 33; see also Arbitration; Chitty's Statutes, tit. Justices'; and see R. v. Woodcock, (1907) 2 KB 104....
Certiorari (to be more fully informed of), an original writ issuing out of the Crown side of the King's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice, addressed, in the king's name, to judges or officers of inferior Courts, commanding them to certify or to return the records of a cause depending before them, to the end that justice maybe done.Certiorari lies to remove into the High Court of Justice, King's Bench Division, which, superseding the King's bench, is the sovereign Court of justice in criminal causes, all indictments, coroners' inquisitions, summary convictions by magistrates, orders of removal of paupers, and of poor's rates, also orders made by commissioners of sewers and other commissioners, town councils, and railway companies, for the purpose of being examined and 'quashed,' if contrary to law. The writ may be granted either at the instance of the prosecutor or the defendant. A prosecutor was formerly entitled to a writ of certiorari as a matter of right, but a defendant c...
Charitable uses and trusts. 9 Geo. 2, c. 26, commonly called 'The Mortmain Act,' 1735, after reciting that ifts or alienations of land in mortmain (see MORTMAIN) were prohibited by Magna Charta and other whole-some laws as prejudicial to the common utility, and that such public mischief had greatly increased by many large and improvident dispositions, made by languishing or dying persons to charitable uses, to take place after their deaths to the disherison of their lawful heirs, enacted that no lands or other hereditaments whatsoever, nor money, or personal estate to be laid out in land should be given to any person or bodies corporate, or charged by any person in trust, for any charitable uses, unless such gift, etc., should be made by deed (thus entirely excluding gifts by will) executed twelve months before the death of the donor and be enrolled in the court of Chancery within six calendar months after execution, and be without any power of revocation for the benefit of the donor.T...
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, the presiding judge in the court of Common Pleas, and afterwards in the Common Pleas Division of the High Court of Justice, and one of the ex-officio judges of the High Court of appeal (English) (Jud. Act, 1873, s. 5, and Jud. Act, 1875, s. 4). He had five (formerly four, until 31 & 32 Vict. c.125, see s. 11) puisne judge associated with him. In 1881, after the promotion of Lord Chief Justice Coleridge to the office of Lord Chief Justice of England, the office was abolished by Order in Council under s. 31 of the (English) Jud. Act, 1873, and merged in that of Lord Chief Justice of England....