Sanitary Acts - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: sanitary acts Page: 3Artisans
Artisans, artificers. The (English) Artisans and Labourers' Dwellings Act, 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 130), repealed and re-enacted with amendments by the (English) Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890 (since extended and amended), made provision for taking down or improving dwellings occupied by working men and their families, which were unfit for human habitation, and for the building and maintenance of better dwellings for them instead. As amended in 1874, the Act applied to the Metropolis except the City, to municipal boroughs, and urban sanitary districts. See HOUSING OF THE WORKING CLASSES....
District Boards (UK)
District Boards (UK), in London, constituted by the Metropolis Management Act, 1855, for the management of the sanitary affairs of combinations of parishes not singly represented by vestries. Their powers are transferred to the metropolitan boroughs constituted under the (English) London Government Act, 1899 (62 & 63 Vict. c. 14). [See also the (English) London County Council (General Powers) Act, 1934, (c. xl.)]...
Water supply and sanitary fittings
Water supply and sanitary fittings, the expression 'sanitary fittings' has received judicial interpreta-tion by the Supreme Court in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Indian Hume Pipe Ltd., [39 STC 355: (1977) 2 SCC 724: 1977 SCC (Tax) 335], where it has been laid down that 'sanitary fittings' according to the popular sense of the term mean such pipes or materials as are used in lavatories, urinals or bathrooms of private houses or public buildings. The use of the word 'fittings' suggests that the expression is intended to refer to articles or things which are fitted or fixed to the floor or walls of a building and they may in a given case include even articles or materials fitted or fixed outside, provided they can be considered as attached or auxiliary to the building or part of it such as, for example, a pipe carrying faecal matter from the commode to the septic tank, but they cannot include pipes laid underground for carrying water supply. Moreover, the words 'water supply... fittings' do ...
Local board
Local board. A body of persons established by an order of the Local Government Board, upon a resolution of the owners and ratepayers of a rual district, for the purpose of administering the Public Health and (which see) within such district, which was called a 'local government district' or urban sanitary district, the local board being called an 'urban sanitary authority.' They were elected by open voting of the owners and ratepayers, a property qualification being required for membership, each voter having from one to six votes, in proportion to the property occupied by him; but the (English) Local Government Act, 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), by s. 23 [see now Local Government Act, 1933 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 51), ss. 35 (3), 39, 40 (1), 57], abolished both the property qualification and the plural voting, and by s. 21 directed that 'urban sanitary authorities' (except the councils of municipal boroughs) should be called 'urban district councils.'...
Burial ground
Burial ground, includes a vault or other place where a body is buried, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 10, 4th Edn., Para 1187, p. 548.Burial ground, includes any churchyard, cemetery or other ground, whether consecrated or not, which has been at any time set aside for the purpose of interment, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 10, 4th Edn., Para 1099, p. 817.Burial ground, includes any churchyard, cemetery or other ground, whether consecrated or not, which has been at any time set apart for the purpose of intermet, Halsbury's Laws of England, Vol. 10, 4th Edn., Para 1226, p. 864.The Common Law place of burial is the parish churchyard; but the growth of population and sanitary reasons having made additional burial grounds necessary, these began to be provided by companies specially authorized thereto by local (English) Acts of Parliaments, and in 1847 the Cemeteries Clauses Act (10 & 11 Vict. c. 65), consolidated the provisions usually contained in the local Acts, which thenceforward u...
Boundaries
Boundaries are the lines marking the division between two adjacent territories. The boundary may be (a) physical, or (b) national and supported by documentary or other evidence. (a) may consist of walls, fences, hedges or ditches, and the presumption is that the outer line along the top line of the ditch bank furthest from the hedge marks the boundary of the land on which the hedge, if any, is erected, because the owner of the soil would be presumed to throw up the soil on the his own land for the hedge, but this presumption may be rebutted. Simple fences or ditches and walls frequently belong to the owners of both properties in common, see PARTY WALL.Physical boundaries may also be roads or non-tidal streams, see Ad medium fil', or the sea or tidal rives, in which case the high-water mark of medium tides is presumed to be the boundary. Williams Real Property, 23rd Edn., p. 463. (b) Unmarked or imaginary boundaries are generally ascertained by reference to maps or plans, or by descript...
Parish Council
Parish Council. Established by the Local Govern-ment Act, 1894, s. 1 (see now Local Government Act, 1933 (23 & 24 Geo. 5, c. 51), ss. 43-55), for every rural parish i.e., (every parish in a rural sanitary district) having a population of 300 or upwards, the county council having also power to group parishes under a common parish council, and being bound to establish a parish council if the parish meeting of a parish having a population of 100 or upwards so resolve, and having power to establish one with the consent of the parish meeting if the population be less than 100.The parish council is elected from among the parochial electors, or persons who have resided for twelve months in the parish or within three miles of it. The number of councillors is fixed by each county council within the limits of five and fifteen members. The term of office, which was by the Act of 1894 one year, was altered to three years by the Parish Councillors (Tenure of Office) Act, 1899, by which the councill...
Clearance area
Clearance area. Under the Housing Acts, 1930-35, substantially reproduced by the Housing Act,1936, the local authority may (see ss. 25 et seq., 1936 Act) declare any area in their district to be a clearance area where they are satisfied that the houses there are by reason of disrepair or sanitary defects or bad arrangement either of the houses or streets dangerous to the health of the inhabitants in the area, and after marking off on a map of the area and excluding from the area any building which is not unfit for human habitation or dangerous and injurious to health, they may, by a clearance order obtained from the Minister of Health, see Errington v. Minister of Health, 1935 (1) KB 249, and subject to formalities under ss. 51-53 of the H. Act, 1936, and if the owner has not obtained a certificate of re-conditioning fitness, order the demolition of the buildings in the area or purchase the land compulsorily or by agreement, or themselves secure the demolition of the buildings. A limit...
Drinking-fountains
Drinking-fountains may be established in London by sanitary authorities in such convenient and suitable situations as they may deem proper under s. 51 of the (English) Public Health (London) Act, 1891 (54 & 55 Vict. c. 76), which takes the place of s. 70 of the (English) Metropolis Management Act, 1855...
Kissing the book
Kissing the book, kissing the New Testament on taking an oath (see that title). This practice, which has of late years been much objected to on sanitary grounds, is peculiar to English Courts, and even in them has not been in use for much more than 150 years; the original practice having been for the witness only to place his hand on the New Testament in order to take the 'corporal oath' (see that title, and see Best on Evidence, 9th Edn., at p. 147).The practice of kissing the thumb, or some part of the Book instead of the Book itself, was emphatically condemned by the late Mr. Justice Byrne at the close of the Michaelmas sittings in 1901 (see Times for Dec. 23), who observed that there was no excuse whatever for a witness refraining from kissing the Book, when by taking advantage of the Oaths Act to swear by uplifted hand he could get rid of the obligation to swear in the ordinary form. The practice of kissing the thumb only, though followed by many to escape infection, is perhaps fo...
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