Reading In - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: reading in Page: 2Mother
Mother, ordinarily does not include grandmother, (Mst.) Tabi v. Saudagar Singh, 1924 Lah 698.Reading s. 9 of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 as a whole and specially in the context of sub-ss. (2), (3) and (4) it is clear that he term 'mother' means the natural mother and not the step-mother, Dhanraj v. Suraj Bai, AIR 1975 SC 1103: (1975) Supp SCR 73: (1975) 2 SCC 251...
Library service
Library service, means and includes providing reading facilities, landing out books to the members of the library and assisting the readers to procure books and relevant information. [The Rajasthan Public Libraries Act, 2006, s. 2(k)]...
Lease and licence
Lease and licence, if an interest in immovable property, entitling the transferor to enjoyment, is created, it is a lease; if permission to use land without right to exclusive possession is alone granted, a license is the legal result, Qudrat Ullah v. Municipal Board, Bareilly, AIR 1974 SC 396 (398): (1974) 1 SCC 202. (Transfer of Property Act, s. 105; Easements Act, s. 52)The difference between a 'lease' and 'licence' is to be determined by finding out the real intention of the parties as decipherable from a complete reading of the document, if any, executed between the parties and the surrounding circumstances. Only a right to use the property in a particular way or under certain terms given to the occupant while the owner retains the control or possession over the premises results in a licence being created; for the owner retains legal possession while all that the licensee gets is a permission to use the premises for a particular purpose or in a particular manner and but for the pe...
House of Commons
House of Commons, one of the constituent parts of Parliament, being the assembly of knights of shires, or the representatives of counties; citizens, or the representatives of cities; and burgesses, or the representatives of boroughs.The lowest chamber of British and Canadian Parlia-ment, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 744.Property Qualification.--The property qualification of members, which was by 1 & 2 Vict. c. 48, amending 9 Anne, c. 5, by allowing personal property to count fixed at 600l. a year for a county, and 300l. a year for a borough member, was abolished in 1858 by 21 & 22 Vict. c. 26.Payment of Members.--Members were from very early times entitled to payment at the rate of 4s. a day for county, and 2s. a day for borough members, payable by their constituents. This has never been abolished, and is recognized by the unrepeated 6 Hen. 8, c. 16, by which members may not depart from Parliament without licence from the Speaker on pain of losing their 'wages,' though 35 Hen. ...
For the purposes of this Act
For the purposes of this Act, The expression 'for the purposes of this Act' has been designedly used in the s. which cannot be ignored but must be given cogent meaning and on a plain reading of the s. which uses such expression it is clear that any order passed by the Settlement Officer either granting or refusing to grant a ryotwari patta to a ryot under S. 11 of the Tamil Nadu Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1948 must be regarded as having been passed to achieve the purposes of the Act, namely, revenue purposes, that is to say for fastening the liability on him to pay the assessment or other dues and to facilitate the recovery of such revenue from him by the Government; and therefore any decision impliedly rendered on the aspect of nature or character of the land on that occasion will have to be regarded as incidental to and merely for the purpose of passing the order of granting or refusing to grant the patta and for no other purpose, State of Tamil Nadu v. Ram...
Goods
Goods, Computer programs are the product of an intellectual process, but once implanted in a medium they are widely distributed to computer owners. An analogy can be drawn to a compact-disc recording of an orchestral rendition. The music is produced by the artistry of musicians and in itself is not a 'good', but when transferred to a laser-readable disc it becomes a readily merchant-able commodity. Similarly, when a professor deliv-ers a lecture, it is not a good, but, when transcribed as a book, it becomes a good. That a computer program may be copyrightable as intellectual property does not alter the fact that once in the form of a floppy disc or other medium, the program is tangible, moveable and available in the marketplace. The fact that some programs may be tailored for specific purposes need not alter their status as 'goods' because the Code definition includes 'specially manufactured goods', Advent Systems Ltd. v. Unisys Corpn., 925 F. 2d 670 3dCir 1991. Associated Cement Compa...
Free-board, or freebord
Free-board, or freebord. The precise nature of free-board is not very clear, but it may be described as denoting certain rights enjoyed by the owner of an ancient park over a strip of ground, varying in width indifferent cases, running along the outside of the boundary fence. The right seems to be ofthe nature of a negative easement, its essence apparently consisting in the right of the owner of the park to have the strip kept free, open and unbuilt upon. Cowel (Law Dict.) has the following: 'Free-board, Francbordus, in some places they claim as a Free-bord, more or less ground beyond or without the fence. In Mon. Angl. 2 par. Fol. 241, it is said to contain two foot and a half.' He then quotes the passage from Dugdale, but inaccurately, the correct reading being as follows: Et totum boscum quod vocatur Brendewode, cum frankbordo duorum pedum et dimidium, per circuitum illius bosci, etc.; see Dugd. Mon., Edn. Caley Ellis & Bandinel, vol. vi. P. 375. Du Cange simply says, 'Francbordus A...
Period of not less than
Period of not less than, on the plain reading of the proviso to Rule 1(v), Second Schedule to the Act it is clear that in order to claim benefit of the said provision the borrowed money has to be repaid during the period of more than seven years. The only interpretation which can be given to the expression 'during a period of not less than seven years' is that the said period should go beyond seven years. The reasoning is simple. The period of seven years would not complete till the last 'minute' or even the last 'second' of the said period are counted. In other words till the last minute of the seven years period is completed the period remains less than seven years, C.I.T. v. Braithwaite & Co. Ltd., (1993) 2 SCC 262: (1993) 2 SCR 187....
Education
Education. Mr. Forster's Elementary Education Act, 1870 (English) (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75), is the starting point in the history of the provision by legislation of a general system of education. Before this date education had been dealt with either as a series of individual problems in respect of which provisions were made for the education of special classes of persons, or by executive, as opposed to legislative methods, as, for example, by a system of grants in aid. This Act was followed by a series of Acts, known collectively as the Education Acts, 1870 to 1919, which together established a system of free and compulsory elementary education of a non-denominational character. The initial Act established 'school boards' with powers of building and maintaining elementary schools and of regulating the attendance of school children between the ages of 5 and 13. The El. Ed. Act, 1876, declared 'the duty of the parent of every child to cause such child to receive efficient elementary educatio...
Deposition
Deposition: (1) Depriving of a dignity, etc. (2) The act of giving public testimony, technically, the evidence put down in writing by way of answer to questions. It is an incontrovertible rule at Common Law, that when the witness himself can be produced, his deposition may not be read, for it is not the best evidence. But it may be read not only where it appears that the witness is actually dead, but in all cases where he is dead for all purposes of evidence: as where diligent search has been made for the witness and he cannot be found; where he resides in a place beyond the jurisdiction of the Court; or where he has become lunatic. See now, however, R. S.C. 1883, Ord. XXXVII., rr. 1, 5; and EVIDENCE; PERPETUATE TESTIMONY, BILLS TO.As to deposition in criminal proceedings (in connec-tion with which the term is most commonly used), see especially the (English) Indictable Offences Act, 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c. 42), s. 17, and the (English) Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c....
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