Old Tenures - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: old tenures Page: 2Uses
Uses (History). A use is the intention or purpose, express or implied, upon which property is to be held. The Common Law treated the actual possessor for all purposes as the owner of the property. It was not difficult to find him out, since the possession of his estate was conferred upon him by a formal and notorious ceremony, technically called livery of seisin, which was performed openly and in the presence of the people of the locality.It soon became evident that the simple rules of the Common Law were stumbling-blocks to the complicated wants of an enterprising people.Hence ingenuity was sharpened to hit upon a device which should set at nought the rigidity of existing law and formalities.A system was found by the monastic jurists upon a model furnished by the Civil Law, which, by a nice adaptation, evaded, without overturning, the Common Law. Two methods of transferring realty began to co-exist in this country-the ancient Common Law system, and the later invention, which is denomi...
Intoxicating liquor
Intoxicating liquor, the word 'intoxicating liquor' is not confined to potable liquor alone but would include all liquor which contain alcohol. Liquor should not only cover alcoholic liquor which is generally used for beverage purposes wand produce intoxication but would also include liquids containing alcohol, State of U.P. v. Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd., AIR 1980 SC 614: (1980) 2 SCR 531: (1980) 2 SCC 441. [Constitution of India, List II, 7th Sch., Entry 8]See also Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd. v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (1990) 1 SCC 109.Intoxicating liquors. The sale of intoxicating liquors by retail in England and Wales is now mainly regulated by the Licensing (Consolidation) Act, 1910 (10 Edw. 7 & 1 Geo. 5, c. 24), which repealed (see Sched. VII.) the whole or part of thirteen earlier Acts. The effect of this statute is shortly as follows:-1. Grant of Licence.--Defining 'intoxicating liquor' as meaning 'spirits, wine, beer, porter, cider, perry, and sweets, and any fermented, di...
Escheat
Escheat [eschet or echet, formed from the word eschoir or echoir, Fr., to happen], a species of reversion; it is a fruit of seigniory, the Crown or lord of the fee, from whom or from whose ancestor the estate was originally derived, taking it as ultimus h'res upon the failure, natural or legal, of the intestate tenant's family.Escheat to the Crown, the Duchy of Lancaster, the Duke of Cornwall and to mesne lords has been abolished by (English) Administration of Estates Act, 1925, s. 45(1). The right of the Crown to 'bona vacantia' now includes real property under (English) A.E. Act, 1925, s. 46. See BONA VACAN-TIA.The title of the Crown was ascertained by inquiry regulated by rules under the (English) Escheat Procedure Act, 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 53), which repealed, as practically inoperative, the numerous statutes from 29 Edw. 1, by which officers called 'escheators' were authorized to hold such inquiries.If differed from a forfeiture [now abolished for treason or felony by the (Engli...
Law of Property Act, 1925 (English)
Law of Property Act, 1925 (English) 915 Geo. 5,c. 20), with amending Acts, 1926, 1929 and 1932 (cited together as the Law of Property Acts, 1925 to 1932), has consolidated and effected changes in the land laws with the object of simplifying the transfer and conveyance of land. An important change was the abolition of all legal estates or tenures in land, except an estate in fee simple in possession, and a term of years absolute in or in certain incorporeal hereditaments arising out of annexed to or charged upon the legal estate in land. Any number of these legal estates can exist in respect of the same piece of land or incorporeal hereditament; for instance, land may be held in fee simple, leased and mortgaged at the same time. all other estate and interests inland are reduced to equitable interests. All mortgages of the same legal estate under the statutory conditions are legal estates. None being for the whole fee simple or the term, but each for a term taken out of the fee or origin...
Timber
Timber, has an enlarged or restricted sense, according to the connection in which it is employed, and may refer to standing trees or wood suitable for the manufacture of lumber to be used for building and allied purposes, Corpus Juris Secundum, Vol. 54, p. 1.Timber, may be used in a restricted as well as enlarged sense. In the restricted sense it means specified trees like oak, ash, elm, teace, blackwood, ebony etc. and in the enlarged sense it means woods suitable for building, furniture, and carpentry etc., and includes standing trees. Its true meaning has to be determined from the context in which it is employed, Divisional Forest Officer v. Tata Finlay Ltd., AIR 2001 SC 2672. [See also Kerala Grants and Leases (Modification of Rights) Act, 1980, s. 4]Means at common law oak, ash and elm are timber if over twenty years old, but not so old as to have unusable wood in them. Other trees may be timber by the custom of the country. Thus beech is timber by the custom of Buckinghamshire an...
tail
tail [Anglo-French, literally, cutting, from Old French, from taillier to cut, prune] 1 : the condition of being limited or restricted by entailing [a tenant in ] 2 : entail adj : limited as to tenure see also fee tail at fee ...
Destruction of buildings
Destruction of buildings, The consequence of 'des-truction of buildings' has been discussed by R. E. Megarry and H. W. R. Wade in The Law of Real Property as under:Destruction of buildings.--If there is a lease of land and buildings, the destruction of the buildings does not affect the continuance of the lease, so that the lessee remains entitled to possession of the land and any buildings that may subsequently be erected on it. But the complete destruction of the whole of the dismissed premises, as where an upper-floor flat is destroyed by fire, produces problems that yet have to be solved. One view is that the tenancy would come to an end, and with its liability on the covenants, for there would no longer be any physical entity which the tenant could hold of his landlord for any term, and there can hardly be tenure without a tenement. Another view is that the tenancy (and with its liability on the covenants) would endure in the air space formerly occupied by the flat, and would thus ...
Extinguishment
Extinguishment, the annihilation of a collateral interest, or the supersedure of one interest by another and greater interest in that out of which it is derived. It is of various natures as applied to various rights.The cessation or cancellation of some right on interest, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 604.(1) Extinguishment of common. It he who is entitled to common appurtenant purchase any part of the land which is subject to his right of common, that right is extinguished for the whole; and so, if he release his right over any part of the land. But it has been justly doubted whether in any case, and especially if all persons who have common appurtenant in the same land concur in discharg-ing some part of it, this legal trap should be allowed to operate, Burton's Comp., 8th Edn. 352. If one of the tenants of a manor purchase any part of the land over which he has a right of common appendant, his right over the rest will continue. So, on the alienation of any part of land to whi...
Gratuity
Gratuity, it is a kind of retirement benefit like the provident fund or pension. At one time it was treated as payment gratuitously made by the employer to his employee at his pleasure but as a result of a long series of decisions of industrial tribunals gratuity has now come to be regarded as a legitimate claim which workmen can make and which, in a proper case, can give rise to an industrial dispute. Gratuity paid to workmen is intended to help them after retirement, whether the retirement is the result of the rules superannuation or of physical disability, Indian Hume Pipe Co. Ltd. v. Workmen, AIR 1960 SC 251: (1960) 2 SCR 32.Gratuity is a retiral benefit and can be earned as a matter of right on fulfilling the conditions subject to which it is earned, any rule conferring absolute discretion not testable on reason, justice or fair play must be treated as utterly arbitrary and unreason-able and discarded, Sudhir Chandra Sarkar v. Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd., AIR 1984 SC 1064 (1071):...
Institutes of Lord Coke
Institutes of Lord Coke, four volumes by Lord Coke (more properly called Sir Edward Coke), published A.D. 1628, and very frequently edited. The first is an extensive comment upon a treatise on tenures compiled by Littleton, a judge of the Common Pleas, temp. Edward IV. This comment is a rich mine of valuable Common Law learning, collected and heaped together from the ancient reports and year-books, but greatly defective in method. It is usually cited by the name of Co. Litt., or as 1 Inst. The second volume is a comment upon Magna Charta and other old Acts of Parliament, without systematic order; the third, a more methodical treatise of the pleas of the Crown; and the fourth, an account of the several species of courts, including the High Court of Parliament and of the House of Commons as well as the House of Lords under that title. These are cited as 2, 3, or 4 Inst., without any author's name....
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