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Obtainer - Law Dictionary Search Results

Desertion

Desertion, (1) the criminal offence of abandoning the naval or military service without license. See ss. 12 et seq. of the (English) Army Act, 1881, replacing similar s.s of the (English) annual Mutiny Acts, and Reg. v. Cuming, (1887) 19 QBD 13.Also (2) an abandonment of a wife, a matrimonial offence, for which the remedy is under (English) Judicature Act, 1925, s. 185, by which a sentence of judicial separation may be obtained either by the husband or wife on the ground of desertion, without cause, for two years and upwards; and see (English) Matrimonial Causes Act, 1857 (20 & 21 Vict. c. 85), s. 21, as to orders for the protection of the property of wives deserted by their husbands; and the (English) Summary Jurisdiction (Married Women) Act, 1895 (58 & 59 Vict. c. 39), repealing and re-enacting the (English) Married Women (Maintenance in Case of Desertion) Act, 1886, under which a deserted wife may obtain an order from justices of the peace that the husband pay her such weekly sum, n...

Letters-patent, or letters overt

Letters-patent, or letters overt [fr. liter' patentes, Lat.], writings of the sovereign, sealed with the Great Seal of England, whereby a person or public company is enabled to do acts or enjoy privileges which he or it could not do or enjoy without such authority. They are so called because they are open with the seal affixed and ready to be shown for confirmation of the authority thereby given. Peers are sometimes created by letters-patent, and letters-patent of precedence were granted to barristers. By letters-patent aliens are made denizens, and especially new inventions are protected; hence the incorporeal chattel of patent-right.A 'patent-right' is a privilege granted by the Crown to the first inventor of any new contrivance in manufactures, that he alone shall be entitled, during a limited period, to make Articles according to his own invention--Statute of Monopolies, 21 Jac. 1, c. 3.To be the subject of a patent-right an article must be material and capable of manufacture, an i...

Limitation of actions and prosecutions

Limitation of actions and prosecutions. By various statutes, of which the first was 21 Jac. 1, c. 16, the (English) Limitation Act, 1623, and the principal succeeding ones, the Real Property Limitation Act, 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 42), the (English) Civil Procedure Act (3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 27) [see Read v. Price, (1909) 2 KB 724], and 37 & 38 Vict. c. 57, the (English) Real Property Limitation Act, 1874, certain periods are fixed within which, upon the principle Interest reipublic' ut sit finis litium, particular actions must be brought or proceedings taken.In the case of simple contract the remedy on the contract is barred, leaving the creditor free to enforce his claims by other means which may be still available, such as enforcing a lien, subsequent acknowledgment by the debtor or appropriation of payments, but not by way of set-off (9 Geo. 4, c. 14, s. 3). In regard to land, the right to it is destroyed after the statutory period and neither re-entry nor acknowledgment after the laps...

Pecuniary advantage

Pecuniary advantage, from whatever source are to be interpretend to mean any form of death under this Act, it would dilute all possible benefits conferred on the claimant and would be contrary to the spirit of the law, Helen C. Rebello v. Maharashtra S.R.T.C., (1999) 1 SCC 90.The words 'pecuniary advantage' are of wide amplitude but even so in the context of s. 5(1)(d) of Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, obtaining goods on credit cannot be held to amount to obtaining pecuniary advantage. If there is an agreement between the officer and the trader that the officer is not expected to pay for the goods then there is no doubt that this would amount to obtaining pecuniary advantage, but if there is no such agreement and the officer does not pay it cannot be said that he has obtained any pecuniary advantage, Delhi Administration v. S.N. Khosla, AIR 1971 SC 1480 (1481): (1971) 1 SCC 872: (1971) 3 SCR 315. [P.C. Act, 1947, s. 5(1)(d)]...

Procure

Procure, means to obtain, or get by care; effort or the use of special means; to procure evidence; to bring about especially by unscrupulous and indirect means; to procure secret documents; to obtain (women or girls) for the purpose of prostitution; to act as a procurer or pimp, Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged Edn., p. 1147.Means to take care of; to get possession of; obtain; to get and make available for promiscuous perusal intercourse; to bring about; achieve; to procure women, Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary.The word 'procure' has been defined in the Century Dictionary to mean 'to obtain, as by request, loan, effort, labour, or purchase; get; gain; come into possession of'. It has been defined in the Oxford English Dictionary to mean 'to gain, win, get possession of, acquire'. This is the correct meaning of the word as used in sub-s. (5) of s. 123 of the Act; Balwan Singh v. Prakash Chand, AIR 1976 SC 1187 (1193): (1976) 3 SCR 335: (1976) 2 SC...

Judicial bypass

Judicial bypass, means a procedure permitting a person to obtain a court's approval for an act that would ordinarily require the approval of someone else, such as a law that requires a minor to notify a parent before obtaining an abortion but allows an appropriately qualified minor to obtain a court order permitting the abortion without parental notice, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 850....

Vagrants

Vagrants, sturdy beggars; vagabonds.The Act which is now in force, embodying, mitigating, and extending numerous former provisions, is the (English) Vagrancy Act, 1824 (5 Geo. 4, c. 83). It has been extended by the Vagrancy Act, 1838, as to re-commitment on failure to prosecute, appeal, and exhibition of obscene prints; by the (English) Vagrant Act Amendment Act, 1873, as to gambling and betting in streets; by the Vagrancy Act, 1898, amended by the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1912, s. 7, as to men living on earnings of prostitution; and by (English) Poor Law Act, 1930, s. 150, as to obtaining relief by falsehood. It points out three classes of persons:-1st, idle and disorderly persons; 2nd, rogues and vagabonds; 3rd, incorrigible rogues.First. Idle and Disorderly Persons.-The following are, under the Vagrancy Act, 1824, s. 3, to be deemed 'idle and disorderly persons,' so that any justice of the peace may commit them (being convicted before him) to the house of correction to hard labou...

Rubber

Rubber, rubber is described in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 19, 1965 edition: Rubber the substance caoutchouc (q.v.), a milklike fluid that is obtained from certain tropical shrubs or tyres and then subjected to various processes of manufacture; or it may be a product of chemical synthesis. The uniqueness of rubber lies in its physical properties of extensibility and toughness. In its natural state, it is greatly affected by temperature, becoming harder when cooled (at 0 x-10 x C it is opaque) and softer when heated (above 50x C it becomes tackier and less elastic, decomposing into liquid form at 190 x-200x C). When vulcanized (i.e. heated with sulfur at 120 x-160 x C) it loses its thermoplasticity and becomes stronger and more elastic..... Chemically, rubber is a polymer of isoprene..... The term synthetic rubber is used to describe an evergrowing number of elastic materials, some of which closely resemble natural rubber while others have completely different physical properti...

Registration of title of land

Registration of title of land. The (English) Land Registration Act, 1925 (15 Geo. 5, c. 21), repeals and re-enacts the (English) Land Transfer Acts, 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 87) and 1897 (60 & 61 Vict. c. 65), with amendments in keeping with innovations which were introduced by the property laws of 1925. Its object is to simplify the indicia of land ownership and transfer by mere inscription and transcription in a register. The advantages which are claimed for the system are (a) purchasers for value of an absolute or good leasehold title are absolved from any inquiry into the title other than it is shown to be on the register; (b) certain equitable claims which would be binding on the land under the general law and cannot be removed or over-reached without onerous formalities do not affect such purchasers; (c) the method of conveyance or charge is simple; (d) subject to the statutory provisions, registration guarantees the title to purchasers for value and mortgagees. It should be observ...

National insurance

National insurance. The (English) National Insur-ance Act, 1911 (1 & 2 Geo. 5, c. 55), introduced by Mr. Lloyd George, established a wide system of compulsory state insurance covering both ill-health and unemployment, which is based upon premiums contributed in part by the employer, in part by the employee, and in part by the State. The Act consisted of three parts, the first dealing with National Health Insurance, the second with Unemployment Insurance, and the third contained miscellaneous provisions. This Act remained the basis of National Health Insurance, although the subject of very extensive amendment, until the National Health Insurance Act, 1924, consolidated the law. The law has been consolidated again by the (English) National Health Insurance Act, 1936 (26 Geo. 5, and 1 Edw. 8, c. 32), amends and repeals the whole of the Acts passed in 1920, 1922, 1924 and 1928. The arrangement is as follows:-Part I. Insured Persons and Contributions.Part II. Benefits.Part III. Approved Soc...

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