Moneyed Capital - Law Dictionary Search Results
Share and debenture
Share and debenture, 'Share' has been defined in s. 2(46) of the Companies Act to mean a share in the share capital of a company which in turn would mean that it would represent contribution of the shareholder towards the share capital of the company. On the other hand, a debenture is an instrument of debt executed by the company acknowledging its receipt to repay the same at a specified rate and also carrying an interest. It is in sum and substance a certificate of loan or a bond evidencing the fact that the company is liable to pay a specified amount with interest and although the money raised by the debentures becomes a part of the company's capital structure yet it does not become a share capital. In any event, a debenture would not come within the purview of the definition of goods, inasmuch as, although the shares and stocks are included in the definition of goods but debentures are not, R.D. Goyal v. Reliance Industries Ltd., (2003) 1 SCC 81 (89).Sponte virum fugiens mulier et a...
Priority
Priority, an antiquity of tenure in comparison with another less ancient; also that which is before another in order of time.As to priority among creditors, see (English) Admin-istration of Estates Act, 1869, reproduced by ss. 32 to 34, (English) Administration of Estates Act, 1925, and the First Sch., which provides that in the administration of the estate of any person who shall die on or after 1st January, 1870, no debt or liability of such person shall be entitled to any priority or preference by reason merely that the same is secured by or arises under a bond, deed, or other instrument under seal, or is otherwise made or constituted a specialty debt.The priority in legal and equitable assignments of equitable choses in action are determined accord-ing to the date of receipt of notice by the persons who are for the time being owners of the legal interest in the property assigned. Before 1926 the notice might be verbal; after 1926 it must, for the purposes of establishing priority a...
Dearle v. Hall
Dearle v. Hall. The rule which takes its name from this case, reported 1823, 3 Russ. 1, originated with the bankruptcy rule conferring the priority of assignments of choses in action according to the date of notice to the debtor by the assignment, Ryall v. Rowles, 1 Ves Sess 348. Before 1926 the rule was that the priority of equitable assignments of debts and other choses in action was determined by priority in date of notice to the trustees or other owners of the legal interest in the property assigned, see Ward v. Duncombe, 1893 AC 369. The rule did not extend to equitable interests in land except to proceeds of land held on trust for sale, see Lloyd's Bank v. Pearson, (1901) 1 Ch 685, and QUI PRIOR EST TEMPORE POTIOR EST JURE. S. 137 of the Law of Property Act, 1925, has extended the rule to dealings with equitable interests in land, capital money (see s. 205(1)(xxvi.) of the Act), and securities representing capital money effected after 1925. To effect priority among competing assi...
Advancement
Advancement, promotion; additional price. An advancement clause in a settlement or will is a provision authorizing the trustees, with the consent of the tenant for life, to pay by anticipation a limited portion of the share to which a remainderman will ultimately be entitled for his benefit or advancement in life.In equity the presumption of advancement is an important exception to the doctrine of resulting trusts that a conveyance to a stranger without a consideration is merely a nominal one, and no intention on the face of it of conferring the beneficial interests will result to the grantor. The presumption of advancement generally arises where a person advances money for the purchase of any property or right in the name of another for whom the purchaser is under a legal or even in some cases a moral obligation to provide. It will arise in favour of a wife, legitimate children, and in some cases in regard to persons to whom the purchaser stands in loco parentis, but it has been held ...
Income or net income
Income or net income, Income is money or other benefit periodically received. It is profit or revenue and not capital. It is gain derived from capital or labour or both. Net income is income obtained after deducting all expenses incurred for the purpose of earning the income. It is income minus operating expenses, D.C.M. v. S. Paramjit Singh, AIR 1990 SC 2286 (2288). [J&K Houses and Shops Rent Control Act, 1966, s. 1(3)(iii)]...
investment
investment : investiture n 1 : the outlay of money usually for income or profit : capital outlay ;also : the sum invested or the property purchased 2 : the commitment of funds with a view to minimizing risk and safeguarding capital while earning a return compare speculation ...
Financial Institution
Financial Institution, means a banking company to which the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949) applies (including any bank or banking institution referred to in s. 51 of that Act); or any other financial institution which the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf. [Income Tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), s. 80E(3)(b)]Means:(i) a public financial institution within the meaning of s. 4A of the Companies Act, 1956;(ii) such other institution as the Central Government may, having regard to its business activity and the area of its operation in India by notification, specify. [Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 (51 of 1993), s. 2 (h)]Financial institution means:(i) a public financial institution within the meaning of s. 4A of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956);(ii) any institution specified by the Central Govern-ment under sub-clause (ii) of clause (h) of s. 2 of the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Fina...
Trust
Trust, is a comprehensive expression, as covering not only the relationship of trustee and beneficiary but also that a bailor and bailee master and servant pledger and pledgee, guardian and ward and all other relations which postulate the existence of fiduciary relationship between the complainant and the accused, State v. K.P. Jain, (1983) 2 Crimes 947 (All).Trust, is a trust for public purposes, the substances and primary intention of the creator must be seen, Shabbir Husain v. Ashiq Husain, AIR 1929 Oudh 225.Trust, is an obligation annexed to ownership. A trustee holds property 'subject' to an obligation, which the testator has imposed upon him, Mahadeo Ramchandra v. Damodar Vishwanath, AIR 1957 Bom 218: (1957) 59 Bom LR 478.Means any arrangement whereby property is transferred with intention that it be administered for another's benefit is a trust. It casts an obligation on the trustee to use the property for achieving the purpose for which the trust is created, Baba Jamuna Das Mah...
Tail
Tail [fr. tailler, Fr., to prune]. An estate-tail was formerly a freehold of inheritance and is now an equitable interest which may be created after 1925 in respect of personalty as well as realty by way of trust and which (if not barred or disposed of by will after 1925) will devolve inequity on the person who would have taken realty as heir of the body or as tenant by the curtesy if the Law of Property Act, 1925, had not been passed [s. 130 (4) (ibid.)]The limitation of an estate so that it can be inherited only by the fee owner's issue or class of issue, Black's Law dictionary 7th Edn., p. 1466.An estate-tail in land now constitutes a settlement. [(English) Settled Land Act, 1925, s. 1]With this and other statutory modifications under the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, the rules relating to this form of estate are still applicable (a) in the investigation of all titles to land in existence on the 31st December, 1925; (b) in the construction of equitable interests into which th...
Poll-money, Poll-silver, Poll-tax
Poll-money, Poll-silver, Poll-tax, a capitation-tax. It was formerly assessed by the head on every subject according to rank....
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