May And Shall - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: may and shall Page: 3Gaming or gambling
Gaming or gambling, the playing any game of chance, as cards, dice, etc., for money, or money's worth.The still unrepealed 33 Hen. 8, c. 9, prohibits the keeping of any common house for dice, cards, or any unlawful games, under penalties of 40s. for every day of so keeping the house, and 6s. 8d. for every time of playing therein; and the (English) Gaming Act, 1738 (12 Geo. 2, c. 28) (applied by the Gaming Act, 1739 (13 Geo. 2, c. 19), to all games with dice, except backgammon, and by the (English) Gaming Act, 1744 (18 Geo. 2, c. 34), to 'roulet, otherwise roly-poly'), declares hazard and other games to be lotteries, so that the keepers of tables for them are liable to penalties under the (English) Lotteries Act, 1721 (8 Geo. 1, c. 2), the (English)Lotteries Act, 1710 (9 Anne, c. 6), and the Lotteries Act, 1698 (10 & 11 Wm. 3, c. 17); the system ofincorporation of previous statutes by referencebeing carried very far in gaming legislation.Gaming in Public-houses, etc.--Sect. 79 of the (E...
Leader of the opposition
Leader of the opposition, relation to either House of Parliament, means that member of the Council of States or the House of the People, as the case may be, who is, for the time being, the Leader in that House of the party in opposition to the Government having the greatest numerical strength and recognised as such by the Chairman of the Council of States or the Speaker of the House of the People, as the case may be.Explanation.--Where there are two or more parties in opposition to the Government, in the Council of States or in the House of the People having the same numerical strength, the Chairman of the Council of States or the Speaker of the House of the People, as the case may be, shall, having regard to the status of the parties, recognise any one of the Leaders of such parties as the Leader of the Opposition for the purposes of this s. and such recognition shall be final and conclusive. Salary and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977 (33 of 1977), s. 2....
Parties
Parties, a suit under s. 92 of the code is thus a representative suit and as such binds not only the parties named in the suit-title but all those who are interested in the trust, R. Venugopala Naidu v. Venkatarayulu Naidu Charities, AIR 1990 SC 444 (447): 1989 Supp (2) SCC 356. (Code of Civil Procedure, s. 92)Persons jointly concerned in any deed or act; litigants.The Rules of the Supreme Court, 1883, Ord. XVI., make very full provision as to the joinder of parties and the consequences of misjoinder and non-joinder. All persons may be joined as plaintiffs in whom the right to any relief claimed is alleged to exist, whether jointly, severally, or in the alter-native. Two or more defendants may be joined, in case the plaintiff is in doubt as to the person from whom he is entitled to redress. Trustees, executors, and administrators may sue and be sued on behalf of or as representing the property or estate of which they are the trustees or representatives, without joining any of the parti...
Indorsement of Address
Indorsement of Address. By R.S.C. 1883, Ord. IV., it is provided that the solicitor of a plaintiff suing by a solicitor shall indorse upon every writ of summons the address of the plaintiff, and also his own name or firm and place of business, and also, if his place of business shall be more than three miles from the Royal Courts of Justice, another proper place, to be called his address for service, which shall not be more than three miles from the Royal Courts, where writs, notices, etc., may be left for him; and that if he be agent of another solicitor, he shall add the name or firm and place of business of the principal solicitor. See SUMMONS...
Permissible area
Permissible area, in relation to a land-owner or a tenant, means thirty standard acres and where such thirty standard acres on being converted into ordinary acres exceeds sixty acres such sixty acres. Provided that (i) ... (ii) for a displaced person - (a) who has been allotted land in excess of fifty standard acres, the permissible area shall be fifty standard acres or one hundred acres, as the case may be; (b) who has been allotted land in excess of thirty standard acres, but less than fifty standard acres, the permissible area shall be equal to his allotted area; (c) who has been allotted land less than thirty standard acres the permissible area shall be thirty standard acres, including any other land or part thereof, it any, that he owns in addition. Explanation: For the purposes of determining the permissible area of a displaced person, the provisions of proviso (ii) shall not apply to the heirs and successors of the displaced person to whom land is allotted. Munshi Ram v. Financi...
Annuity
Annuity, in order to constitute an annuity, the payment to be made periodically should be a fixed or predetermined one, and it should not be liable to any variation depending upon or on any ground relating to the general income of the fund or estate which is charged for such payment, CWT v. P. K. Banerjee, (1981) 1 SCC 63 (75): AIR 1981 SC 401. [Wealth-Tax Act, 1957, s. 2(e)(1)(iv)]It is a right to receive a specified sum and not an aliquot share in the income arising from any fund or property. Ordinarily an annuity is a money payment of a fixed sum annually made and is a charge personally on the grantor, CWT v. Arundhati Balkrishna, (1970) 1 SCC 561 (565): AIR 1971 SC 915. [Wealth Tax Act, 1957, s. 2(e)(iv)]An annuity is a fixed sum payable annually either in perpetuity or for any less period. When charged upon land either freehold or leasehold both, exclusively of purely personal estate, it is strictly a rent charge; see (English) Real Property Limitation Act, 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4, c....
Fixtures
Fixtures. Things of an accessory character which are not something which is part of the original struc-ture, Boswell v. Crucible Steel Co., (1925) 1 KB 119, annexed to houses or lands, which become, immediately on annexation, part of the realty itself, i.e., governed by the same law which applies to the land, in conformity with the maxim quicquid plantatur solo, solo cedit. The application of this legal principle, however, is not uniform, as may be thus shown:(1) Between landlord and tenant. If the chattels be not let into the soil, they are not fixtures at all, and may be removed at will, like any other species of personal property. When the chattel is connected with the free-hold, by being let into the earth, or by being cemented or otherwise united to some erection attached to the ground, the question arises-when may the tenant remove such fixtures?The general rule as to annexations made by a tenant during the continuance of his term is the following-Whenever he has affixed anything...
Inquiry, writ of
Inquiry, writ of. This is a writ addressed to the sheriff of the county in which the venue is laid, stating the proceedings in an action, and 'because it is unknown what damages the plaintiff has sustained,' commanding the sheriff that, by the oath of twelve men of his county, he diligently inquire into the same, and return the inquisition into court. The writ is necessary after an interlocutory judgment, the defendant having let judgment go by default, to ascertain the quantum of damages.By (English) R.S.C.1883, Ord. XIII., r. 5, it is provided that where the defendant fails to appear and the plaintiff's claim is for detention of goods and damages, or either of them, interlocutory judgment may be entered, and a writ of inquiry shall issue to assess the value of the goods and the damages, or the damages only, as the case may be; see also Ord. XXXVI., r. 57. By Ord. XXXIII., r. 2, the Court or a judge may at any stage of the proceedings in a cause or matter direct any necessary inquirie...
Contingent legacy
Contingent legacy, one bequeathed on a contingency; e.g., if the legatee attain twenty-one.The contingency may only relate to the disposal of the fund, or it may relate to the position or existence of the beneficiary; in the first case as in a bequest to be paid or payable to A. when he shall attain twenty one years, the legacy is vested and not contingent and although he may never attain the age his personal representatives will be entitled to the legacy, but if the words 'paid' or 'to be payable' are omitted and the legacy is to A. on attaining twenty-one years of age his personal representatives will not be entitled to the legacy if he dies under that age. These are said to be positive rules of construction, Williams on Executors and Administrators, 12th Edn. P. 794, but the prima facie inference may be negatived by the context of the will taken as a whole. There are certain other guides to construction, e.g., in general, a gift of interest in the interim or a direction to pay maint...
Trade Boards
Trade Boards. The Trade Boards Act, 1909, as amended by the Trade Boards Act, 1918, applies to certain trades specified in the Schedule, and to such others as are brought within the Act by Order of the Board of Trade or by special Order of the Minister of Labour. The Board of Trade can establish Trade Boards with respect to such trades, and the Boards when established must fix minimum rates for both time work and piecework. Notice must be given of the minimum rates established, and such rates are obligatory on employers, who are placed under penalties if they fail to pay in accordance with such rates. s. 11 gives the constitution and proceedings of Trade Boards under this section:(1) The Board of Trade may make regulations with respect to the constitution of Trade Boards, which shall consist of members representing employers and members representing workers (in this Act referred to as representative members) in equal proportions and of the appointed members. Any such regulations may be...
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