Government Undertaking - Law Dictionary Search Results
Rate
Rate, A contribution levied by some public body for a public purpose, as a poor rate, a highway rate, a sewers rate, upon, as a general rule, the occupiers of property within a parish or other area.Proportional or relative value; the proportion of which quantity or value is adjusted, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1268.The term 'rate' is also used to mean a charge by a water, gas, railway, or other public undertaking for services rendered e.g., (English) Railways Act, 1921, s. 20; Metropolitan Water Board Charges Act, 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5, c. xciv.).The poor rate was levied under the (English) Poor Relief Act, 1601 (43 Eliz. s. 2), on the occupiers in each parish of 'lands, houses, tithes, coal mines, or saleable underwoods,' and the (English) Rating Act, 1874, extended the liability to rates to: (1) land used for a plantation or a wood, or for the growth of saleable underwood, and not subject to any right of common; (2) rights of fowling, shooting, taking, or killing game, or ra...
Under the authority of any department of the Central Govt
Under the authority of any department of the Central Govt., the expression 'under the authority of any department of the Central Government' in s. 32(iv) of the Payment of Bonus Act would in ordinary parlance mean that the department is directly responsible for the management of the industrial undertaking, Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh v. Model Mills, AIR 1984 SC 1813 (1819): (1984) Supp SCC 443: (1985) 1 SCR 751....
Trust corporation
Trust corporation, is defined by the (English) Settled Land Act, 1925, s. 117 (1) (xxx.), to mean the Public Trustee or a corporation appointed by the Court or entitled under (English) Public Trustee Act Rules [see the Public Trustee [(English) Custodian Trustee] Rules, 1926, S. R. & O., 1926, No. 1423/L. 37]. Trust corporations may exercise solely or jointly all the powers for the exercise of which the Land Legislation Acts of 1925 require two trustees at least (see TRUST; TRUST FOR SALE; SETTLED LAND; ADMINISTRATOR). These corporations include any company incorporated by Special Act or Royal Charter or Companies under the Companies Act, 1929, with an issued capital of not less than 2,50,000l., of which at least 1,00,000l. has been paid up in cash, or any company undertaking trust business for his Majesty's Navy, Army, Air Force or Civil Service having as director or member any person nominated by one of the Government Departments referred to in the Rules or any company authorized by ...
Trust
Trust, is a comprehensive expression, as covering not only the relationship of trustee and beneficiary but also that a bailor and bailee master and servant pledger and pledgee, guardian and ward and all other relations which postulate the existence of fiduciary relationship between the complainant and the accused, State v. K.P. Jain, (1983) 2 Crimes 947 (All).Trust, is a trust for public purposes, the substances and primary intention of the creator must be seen, Shabbir Husain v. Ashiq Husain, AIR 1929 Oudh 225.Trust, is an obligation annexed to ownership. A trustee holds property 'subject' to an obligation, which the testator has imposed upon him, Mahadeo Ramchandra v. Damodar Vishwanath, AIR 1957 Bom 218: (1957) 59 Bom LR 478.Means any arrangement whereby property is transferred with intention that it be administered for another's benefit is a trust. It casts an obligation on the trustee to use the property for achieving the purpose for which the trust is created, Baba Jamuna Das Mah...
Accident
Accident, anything that happens, an unforeseen or unexpected event, a chance, a mishap, an extraordinary incident; something not expected. It is also a head of equitable jurisdiction, which was concurrent with that of the Courts of Law.Means an unlook for mishap or an untoward event which is not expected or designed, Fenton v. Thorley & Co. Ltd., 1903 AC 443: 72 LJKP 787: 89 LT 314 (HL).The meaning to be attached to the word accident,' in relation to equitable relief, is some unforeseen and undersigned event, productive of disadvantage and not due to negligence or misconduct on the part of the person seeking relief. The cases in which equity may give relief under certain conditions are (1) lost or destroyed documents. (2) Imperfect execution of powers. (3) Erroneous payments, e.g., by personal representatives.In logic, something, in any subject, person, or thing not belonging to the essence. See ESSENCE.The popular and ordinary sense of the word 'accident' means the mishap or an untowa...
Private security agency
Private security agency, means a person or body of person other than a government agency; depart-ment or organization engaged in the business of providing private security services including training to private security guards or their supervisor or providing private security guards to any industrial or business undertaking or a company or any other person or property. [The Private Security Agencies (Regulation) Act, 2005, s. 2(g)]...
Mauzadar
Mauzadar, a Mauzadar is a public servant whose primary duty is to collect land revenue and other Government dues with the collection of which he is entrusted. He is responsible for the collection of poll-tax, house-tax, tauzibahir revenue, grazing fees and forest dues. He undertakes to pay into the treasury the full amount of all instalments of land revenue and local rates included in the Jamabandi and of house-tax, poll-tax and grazing fees within one month of the date on which they fall due for payment. In regard to land revenue, his duties are confined to collection and he is not concerned with its assessment, the settlement of land and the checking of maps or assessment papers, State of Assam v. Kanak Chandra Dutta, AIR 1967 SC 884 (885). [Constitution of India, Art. 311]...
Legitimate expectation
Legitimate expectation, However, the more important aspect is whether the decision-maker can sustain the change in policy by resort to wednesbury principles of rationality or whether the court can go into the question whether the decision-maker has properly balanced the legitimate expectation as against the need for a change, Punjab Communications Ltd. v. Union of India, (1999) 4 SCC 727.Legitimate expectation, is a latest recruit to a long list of concepts fashioned by the courts for review of administrative actions, Confederation of Ex-Servicemen Assns. v. Union of India, (2006) 8 SCC 399.It is still at a stage of evolution. The principle is at the root of the rule of law and requires regularity, predictability and certainty in the Government's dealings with the public. The procedural part of it relates to a representation that a hearing or other appropriate procedure will be afforded before the decision is made.Means the expectations may be based on some statement or undertaking by,...
League of Nations (Societe des Nations)
League of Nations (Societe des Nations), is a conventional assembly which was set up early in 1920 at the conclusion of the War of 1914-1919 (First World War), with a membership of 58 States. The Covenant, consisting of 26 Articles at the beginning of each of the Peace Treaties, is its charter, pledging these States to promote international co-operation, and achieve peace and security by accepting obligations not to go to war, and to respect treaties. Among the important principles which underlie the League are the 'collective system,' e.g., collective action to prevent aggression, as well as to assist members to carry on their common interests more effectively; the duty of reduction of armaments; equality for States, e.g., recognition of greater responsibility of large Powers, with legal equality for all, large or small; undertaking to use peaceful settlement for disputes, with recognition that any war is the responsibility of all peoples; provision of means for adapting existing righ...
Bond
Bond [fr. binda, band, bunden, A. S., to bind], a written acknowledgement or binding of a debt under seal. See DEED. No technical form of words is necessary to constitute a bond; see Gerrard v. Clowes, (1892) 2 QB 11; Strickland v. Williams, (1899) 1 QB 382. The person giving the bond is called the obligor, and he to whom it is given the obligee. A bond is called single (simplex obligatio) when it is without a penalty, but there is generally a condition added, that, if the obligor does or forbears from some act, the obligation shall be void, or else shall remain in full force, and the bond is then called a double or conditional one; see Dav. Prec. Vol. V., pt. Ii., p. 268. When a bond contains a penalty, which is generally double the amount of the principal sum secured, only the sum actually owing, with interest, can be recovered, and in no case can this exceed the amount appearing on the face of the bond. See 8 & 9 Wm. 3, c. 11, s. 8; Re Dixon, (1900) 2 Ch 561.Although it is unnecessa...
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