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Intention and knowledge

Intention and knowledge, 'intention' is different from 'motive' or 'ignorance' or 'negligence'. It is the 'knowledge' or 'intention' with which the act is done that makes difference. The knowledge of the consequences which may result in doing an act is not the same thing as the intention that such con-sequences should ensue. Firstly, when an act is done by a person, it is presumed that he must have been aware that certain specified harmful con-sequences would or could follow. But that know-ledge is bare awareness and not the same thing as intention that such consequences should ensue. As compared to 'knowledge', 'intention' requires something more than the mere foresight of the con-sequences, namely the purposeful doing of a thing to achieve a particular end. The 'knowledge' as contrasted with 'intention' signify a state of mental realisation with the bare state of conscious awareness of certain facts in which human mind remains supine or inactive. On the other hand, 'intention' is a c...


Book

Book, the 'book' in common acceptation is a literary composition from which one may extend or advance his or her knowledge and learning, Commr. of Customs v. Parasrampuria Synthetics Ltd., (2001) 9 SCC 74 (82).--For the purposes of s. 15 of the Copyright Act,1911, dealing with the delivery of books to certain libraries, the expression 'book' includes every part or division of a book, pamphlet, sheet of letter-press, sheet of music, map, plan, chart or table separately published, but not a second or subsequent edition of a book unless such edition contains additions or alterations either in the letterpress, or in the maps, prints, or other engravings belonging thereto. By s. 15 a copy of every book published in the United Kingdom must be sent to the British Museum, and on written demand to the Bodleian Library, Oxford, the University Library, Cambridge, the Library of the Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh, and the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, and subject to certain provisos the N...


Barrister, or Barrastor

Barrister, or Barrastor, a counsellor or advocate learned in the law, admitted to plead at the bar, and there to take upon himself the protection and defence of clients. He is termed jurisconsultus and licentiatus in jure. As to the mode and qualification for obtaining the degree of a barrister, see INNS OF COURT; and consult Marchant on Barristers; Warren's Law Studies; Forsyth's Hortenisus; and Chitty on Contracts; also Mew's Digest, tit. 'Barrister.'It shall mean a barrister of England or Ireland, or a member of the Faculty of Advocates in Scotland. [General Clauses Act, 1897 (10 of 1897), S. 3 (4)]Fees.--A barrister can maintain no action for his fees, which are given not as a salary or hire, but as a mere honorarium or gratuity, and even an express promise by a client to pay money to counsel for his advocacy is not binding, see Re Le Brasseur & Oakley, (1896) 2 Ch 487; Kennedy v. Broun, (1863) 13 CBN S 677, where the whole law on the subject of counsel's fees is elaborately discus...


Advocate

Advocate, [Lat. Advocatus], a patron of a cause assisting his client with advice, and pleading for him. He is defined by Ulpian (Dig. 50, tit. 13) to be any person who aids another in the conduct of a suit or action. The term is at the present day confined to persons professionally conducting cases in Court, i.e., Barristers and Solicitors (q.v.).In the English Ecclesiastical and Admiralty Courts, until 1857, certain persons learned in the civil and canon law, called advocates, had the exclusive right of acting as counsel. They were members of a college situate at Doctor's Commons, incorporated by charter, June 22, 8 Geo. 3, under the title of 'The College of Doctors of Law exercent in the Ecclesiastical and Admiralty Courts,' and had, previously to their admission to that college, taken the degree of Doctor of Laws at an English university. The jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical Courts in matters matrimonial and testamentary was in 1857 transferred to the Court for Divorce and Matrimo...


Actuary

Actuary, a registrar of a public body. Also a clerk who registers the acts and constitutions of the Lower House of Convocation; or a registrar in a Court Christian. Especially a person skilled in calculating the value of life interests, annuities, and insurances. The (English) Local Government and other Officers' Superannuation Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5, c. 59), defines actuary as meaning a fellow of the Institute of Actuaries or the Faculty of Actuaries in Scotland. The Institute of Actuaries was formed in 1848 and incorporated by royal charter on July 29, 1884.An actuary possessing such qualifications as may be by regulations made by authority. [Insurance Act (4 of 1938), s. 2(a)]Means a person skilled in determining the present effects of future contingent events or in finance modelling and risk analysis in different areas of insurance, or calculating the value of life interests and insurance risks, or designing and pricing of policies, working out the benefits, recommending rates r...


Rememoration

A recalling by the faculty of memory remembrance...


Sense

A faculty possessed by animals of perceiving external objects by means of impressions made upon certain organs sensory or sense organs of the body or of perceiving changes in the condition of the body as the senses of sight smell hearing taste and touch See Muscular sense under Muscular and Temperature sense under Temperature...


Semimute

Having the faculty of speech but imperfectly developed or partially lost...


Risible

Having the faculty or power of laughing disposed to laugh...


Retrospection

The act or the faculty of looking back on things past...



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