Divided - Law Dictionary Search Results
Partition, Deed of
Partition, Deed of, a primary or original convey-ance. When an estate was held in community by joint tenants, tenants in common, coparceners, or joint heirs in gavelkind, and they were desirous of dividing it into distinct portions, to be exclusively enjoyed by each, and were not under legal disability, they could accomplish their object by this deed, and by s. 3 of the (English) Real Property Act, 1845 (now repealed), the partition of any tenements except copyhold is void unless made by deed. Sometimes, instead of agreeing as to their several allotments, a reference was made to a person to divide the estate into the required portions, and one mode of affecting this division was to convey the whole estate to the proposed referee upon trust to convey the several allotments to the respective parties according to his award.In Kent, where the land was of gavelkind tenure, they called these partitions shifting, from the Saxon, shiftan, to divide. For the present practice, see PARTITION....
Insurance
Insurance, see, Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), s. 80C, Expl. 1.Insurance, the act of providing against a possible loss, by entering into a contract with one who is willing to give assurance, that is, to bind himself to make good such loss should it occur. In this contract, the chances of benefit are equal to the insured and the insurer. The first actually pays a certain sum, and the latter undertakes to pay a larger, if an accident should happen. The one renders his property secure; the other receives money with the probability that it is clear gain. The instrument by which the contract is made is called a policy; the stipulated consideration, a premium. As to what is known as a coupon policy, i.e., a coupon cut out of a diary, etc., see General Accident, etc., Assce. Corpn. v. Robertson, 1909 AC 404.Insurable Interest must be possessed by the person taking out a policy; he must be so circumstanced as to have benefit from the existence of the person or thing insured, and some preju...
War Office
War Office, the address and offices of the Secretary of State for War and Army Council.A child under guardianship. A ward of Court is an infant under the protection of the High Court. An infant is constituted a ward of Court by an action relating to his estate; by an order made on an application for the appointment of a guardian; or by a payment into Court under the Trustee Act, 1925, s. 63; or inan administration action, to which he is party, see Brown v. Collins, (1884) 25 Ch D 56. The control of the Court ceases when the infant comes of age, Bolton v. Bolton, (1891) 3 Ch 270; see Seton on Judgments; Dan. Ch. Pr.; Simpson on Infants. See INFANT.Also, an electoral subdivision of a borough for the purposes of the local government elections [(English) Local Government Act, 1933, ss. 24 to 30]. In boroughs divided by wards, an alderman or, in some cases, a councillor, not the mayor, is returning officer (s. 28). As to district councils, see ss. 36 and 37. Parishes may be divided into war...
Tort
Tort [fr. tortus, Lat.], an injury or wrong independent of contract, as by assault, libel, malicious prosecution, negligence, slander, or trespass (see those titles). Actions are divided into actions in contract and actions in tort: see as to county Court jurisdiction in actions of tort when claim is under 100l. (except libel, slander seduction). See County Courts Act, 1934, s. 40, and as to costs of actions of tort commenced in High Court which could have been commenced in County Court, see s. 47, and COUNTY COURT. An action founded on tort was Tort [fr. tortus, Lat.], an injury or wrong independent of contract, as by assault, libel, malicious prosecution, negligence, slander, or trespass (see those titles). Actions are divided into actions in contract and actions in tort: see as to county Court jurisdiction in actions of tort when claim is under 100l. (except libel, slander seduction). See County Courts Act, 1934, s. 40, and as to costs of actions of tort commenced in High Court whic...
Plea
Plea [fr. plee, Fr.]. this was the name of a defendant's answer of fact to a plaintiff's declaration; anciently a suit or action.Pleas were divided into common pleas, relating to civil causes, and pleas of the Crown, relating to criminal prosecutions.At Common Law pleas were divided into:(1) Dilatory; which were subdivided into:(a) To the jurisdiction of the Court.(b) In suspension of the action,(c) In abatement of the writ or declaration, and:(2) Peremptory, i.e., in bar of the action.The distinction between these two classes of pleas was that the dilatory showed some ground for quashing the declaration, the peremptory for defeating the action. Consult Bullen and Leake, or Odgers on Pleading, and Ch. Arch. Practice.In equity, a plea was resorted to by a defendant when an objection was not apparent on the bill itself, or, as the technical phrase was, where it arose from matter dehors the bill, other matter being dealt with by 'Answer' (see that title).A defendant now raises his defence...
Party-wall
Party-wall, a term which has been used indifferent senses, may mean (1) a wall of which the two adjoining owners are tenants in common: (2) a wall divided longitudinally into two strips, one belonging to each of the neighbouring owners: (3) a wall which belongs entirely to one of the adjoining owners, but is subject to an easement or right in the other to have it maintained as a dividing wall between the two tenements: (4) a wall divided longitudinally into two moieties, each moiety being subject to a cross easement in favour of the owner of the other moiety, Watson v. Gray, (1880) 14 Ch D 192.The common use of a wall separating adjoining lands of different owners is prima facie evidence that the wall and the land on which it stands belongs to the owners of those adjoining lands, in equal moieties, as tenants in common, or would so belong if tenancy in undivided shares in a legal estate had not been done away with by the land legislation of 1925. Now under s. 38, and 1st Sch., Part 5, ...
Partition
Partition, is mitakshara 'partition' may be only severance of the joint status of the members of the coparcenary, that it to say, what was once a joint title has become a divided title though there has been no division of any properties by metes and bounds, Nani Bali v. Gita Bai Kom Rama Gunge, AIR 1958 SC 706. See also Jalaja Shethi v. Lakshmi Jalaja Shethi, AIR 1973 SC 2658.Includes both division of states as well as division of meats and bounds, Sundara v. Girija, AIR 1962 Mys 72.Is the determination of shares of the coparceners in the joint family. Actual division of the property by metes and bounds is not necessary to constitute partition, Girija Nandi Devi v. Bijendra Narain Chowdhary, AIR 1967 SC 1124: (1967) 4 SCD 501.Partition, signifies a surrender of a portion of the joint rights in exchange for a similar right from the co-sharer, Rasa v. Arunachala, AIR 1932 Mad 577.Partition, the act of dividing.Before 1926 all co-owners of land might make partition, and coparceners were c...
Pandect', or Digesta
Pandect', or Digesta. In the last month of the year AD 530, Justinian, by a constitution addressed to Tribonian, empowered him to name a commission for the purpose of forming a code out of the writings of those jurists who had enjoyed the Jus respondendi, or, as it is expressed by the emperor, 'antiquorum prudentium quibus auctoritatem conscribendarum interpretandarumque legum sacratissimi principes pr'buerunt.' The compilation, however, comprises extracts from some writers of the republican period, Const. Deo Auctore. Ten years were allowed for the completion of the work. The instructions of the emperor were, to select what was useful, to omit what was antiquated or superfluous, to avoid unnecessary repetitions, to get rid of contradictions, and to make such other changes as should produce out of the mass of ancient juristical writings a useful and complete body of law (jus Antiquum);--the work was to be named Digesta, a Latin term indicating an arrangement of materials; or Pandect', ...
Milk products
Milk products, milk and milk products are dealt with in that Appendix under Group A.11 which is divided into various items. Item A.11.01 which is further divided into sub-items A.11.01.01 to A.11.01.11 contains definition and standards of purity of various kinds of milk. Item A.11.02 defines milk products thus: Milk Products means the products obtained from milk such as cream, malai, curd, skimmed milk curd, chhanna, skimmed milk chhanna, cheese, processed cheese, ice cream, milk ices, condensed milk sweetened and unsweetened, condensed skimmed milk sweetened and unsweetened, milk powder, skimmed milk powder, partly skimmed milk powder, khoa, infant milk food, table butter and deshi butter, Kisan Chand v. Delhi Administration, AIR 1979 SC 1128 (1130): (1979) 4 SCC 709....
Assets
Assets [fr. assetz, Nor.-Fr., i.e., satis, Lat.; assez, Fr., sufficient; in Old English it was commonly written asseth], the property of a deceased person, which is chargeable with, and applicable to the payment of, his debts and legacies; the property of any person, with reference to bankruptcy, available for division amongst his creditors; the whole property of a person, without any such reference. For purposes of the administration of the estate of a deceased person assets were, before 1925, divided into two classes, legal and equitable. Legal assets comprised all property to which the personal representative became entitled virtute officii and for which he would have been answerable in an action at common law brought against him by a creditor; they were administered in accordance with certain rules of priority. Equitable assets, on the other hand were those which would only be made available for the payment of debts through the operation of a decree or order of a Court of Equity; t...
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