Distress - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: distress Page: 3Ab initio
Ab initio [Lat.] (from the beginning). A person who abuses an authority given him by law becomes a trespasser ab initio, i.e., is liable as a trespasser from the beginning. See the Six Carpenters' case, (1611) 8 Rep. 146; 1 Smith's L.C. a party making an irregular distress for rent is not deemed a trespasser ab initio, by virtue of the Distress for Rent Act, 1737 (11 Geo. 2, c. 19), s. 19. A second distress may be good if the first is void ab initio, Grunnel v. Welch, (1906) 2 KB 555....
Agricultural Holdings Act, 1923
Agricultural Holdings Act, 1923 (English) (13 & 14 Geo. 5, cc. 9 and 25). By a series of statutes commencing with the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1875, statutory compensation has been provided for an outgoing agricultural tenant in respect of the improvements effected by him during his tenancy. The operation of this Act could be and frequently was excluded by agreement, but now the tenant cannot deprive himself by contract of the right to claim compensation which is conferred on him by the Act, although he may within limits substitute other benefits by agreement. The Act of 1923 (as amended by the Agricultural Holdings Amendment Act, 1923) repeals and consolidates all the earlier statutes dealing with the subject, and confers on outgoing tenants of 'holdings' the rights and benefits briefly outlined below. The term 'holding' means any parcel of land held by a tenant which is wholly agricultural or wholly pastoral, or in whole or in part cultivated as a market garden, and which is not le...
Amends, tender of
Amends, tender of, was by many particular statutes made a defence in an action for a wrong, especially in cases where the wrong had been done by some public authority or person acting in pursuance of an (English) Act of Parliament, as the Highway Act, 1835 (see s. 105), or the (English) Larceny Act, 1861 (see s. 113), in apprehending, for instance, a person found committing an offence against that Act. These are repealed by the (English) Public Authorities Protection Act, 1893, which provides, amongst other things, for the pleading of tender of amends, and for taxation of the defendant's costs between solicitor and client in event of the plaintiff not recovering more than the sum tendered, etc. As to tender upon distress (q.v.), whether before or after impounding but before sale, see Johnson v. Upham, (1859) 2 E&E 250. For wrongful distress, see (English) Distress for Rent Act, 1737, and for trespass on land with disclaimer of title, (English) Limitation Act, 1623 (21 Jac. 1, c. 16), s...
Fieri facias
Fieri facias, usually abbreviated fi. fa. (that you cause to be made), a judicial writ of execution, the most commonly used that lies for him who has recovered any debt or damages in the King's Courts. It is a command to the sheriff, that of the goods and chattels of the party he 'cause to be made' the sum recovered by the judgment, with interest at 4l. per cent. from the time of entered-up judgment, to be rendered to the party who sued it out. If the sheriff return nulla bona, an alias fi. fa. may issue; and upon that being returned, a pluries or testatum fi. fa. may be issued into another county. The 12th s. of the Judgments Act,1838 (1 & 2 Vict. c. 110), authorizes the sheriff to seize money, bank notes, cheques, bills of exchange, etc., of the person against whose effects the writ is sued out; but he cannot seize money or bank notes after the death of the debtor, Johnson v. Pickering, (1908) 1 KB 1.A writ of execution that directs a marshal or sheriff to seize and sell a defendants...
Tools
Tools, the term tools cannot be restricted to simple implements used by artisans for purpose of their trade, AIR 1962 Mad 444 (446).As to their privilege from distress, see DISTRESS. In bankruptcy, Bankruptcy Act, 1914, s. 38, and as to execution upon tools of trade of small value, see Small Debts Act, 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 127), s. 8....
Stridhan
Stridhan, a Hindu married woman is absolute owner of her 'stridhan' property and can deal with it in any manner she likes-she may spend the whole of it or give it away at her own pleasure by gift or will without any reference to her husband. Ordinarily, the husband has no right or interest in it with the sole exception that in times of extreme distress, as in famine, illness or the like, the husband can utilise it but he is morally bound to restore it or its value when he is able to do so. This right is purely personal to the husband and the property so received by him in marriage cannot be proceeded against even in execution of a decree for debt, Pratibha Rani v. Suraj Kumar, AIR 1985 SC 628: (1985) 3 SCR 190: (1985) 2 SCC 370.Stridhan, are the properties gifted to a girl before the marriage, at the time of marriage or at the time of giving farewell or thereafter. It is her absolute property with all rights to dispose at her own pleasure. It does not become a joint property of the wif...
Sheep
Sheep, injury to, by dogs, action for, under the Dogs Act, 1906, and the Amendment Act of 1928. See DOG. As to cruelty by allowing them to become infested with maggots, see Potter v. Challans, (1910) 102 LT 324.Sheep of a tenant are exempt from distress for rent conditionally i.e. if there be other sufficient distress on the demised premises, by the Statute of Marlbridge (51 Hen. 3, s. 4), and this exemption extends to the sheep of an under-tenant, Keen v. Priest, (1859) 28 LJ Ex 157....
Seck
Seck [fr. siccus (Lat.), dry or barren]. Rent-seck is a rent-charge without a clause of distress. 'Rent seche idem est quod redditus siccus; for that no distress is incident unto it' (Co. Litt. 144 a); see now Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 44, reproducing Conveyanc-ing Act, 1881, s. 44; Conveyancing Act, 1911, s. 6. See RENT....
Recaption
Recaption, the taking a second distress of one formerly distrained, during the plea grounded on the former distress; and it was a writ to recover damages for him whose goods, being distrained for rent, or service, etc., were distrained again for the same cause, pending the plea in the County Court or before the justices, Fitz. N.B. 71.It is also a species of remedy by the mere act of the party injured. This happens when anyone has deprived another of his property, in goods or chattels personal, or wrongfully detains one's wife, child, or servant, in which case the owner of the goods, and the husband, parent, or master, may lawfully claim and retake them, wherever he happens to find them, so it be not in a riotous manner, or attended with a breach of the peace, 3 Bl. Com. 4.At common law, lawful seizure of another's pro-perty for a second time to secure the performance of a duty, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1274....
Lodger
Lodger, a tenant, with the right of exclusive possession, of a part of a house called lodgings, the landlord, by himself or an agent, retaining general dominion over the house itself.Lodgings may be let in the same manner as lands and tenements; in general, however, they are let either by agreement in writing or verbally. An executory verbal agreement may be void by the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 40; and see Edgev Strafford, (1831) 1 C. & J. 391, as being a contract in relation to land, and a written agreement is often desirable to avoid dispute.Lodgers in rooms which have been let as a separate dwelling to them, unfurnished, may be tenants of a dwelling-house for the purpose of the (English) Rent Restrictions Acts, 1920, 1935, and if that dwelling or the house of which the rooms form parties not decontrolled, their tenancy is within those Acts (see INCREASEOF RENT). As to rent-books generally, in small houses, see (English) Housing Act, 1936, s. 4, and Part IV of that Act...
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