Debts And Liabilities - Law Dictionary Search Results
insolvent
insolvent 1 : having ceased paying or unable to pay debts as they fall due in the usual course of business compare bankrupt 2 : having liabilities in excess of a reasonable market value of assets held 3 : insufficient to pay all debts [an estate] insolvent n ...
Repatriate to India
Repatriate to India, means bringing into India the realised foreign exchange and--(i) the selling of such foreign exchange to an authorised person in India in exchange for rupees, or(ii) the holding of realised amount in an account with an authorised person in India to the extent notified by the Reserve Bank,and includes use of the realised amount for dis-charge of a debt or liability denominated in foreign exchange and the expression 'repatriation' shall be construed accordingly. [Foreign Exchange Man-agement Act, 1999 (42 of 1999), s. 2 (y) (i) (ii)]...
Debt
Debt [fr. debitum, Lat.], a sum of money due from one person to another. An action of debt lay where a person claimed the recovery of a liquidated or certain sum of money affirmed to be due to him; and it was generally founded on some contract alleged to have taken place between the parties, or on some matter of fact from which the law would imply a contract between them. This was debt in the debet, which was the principal and only common form. There is another species mentioned in the books, called debt in the detinet, which lay for the specific recovery of goods, under a contract to deliver them. An action of debt as a technical term is now obsolete. See PLEADINGS. The order of the payment of debts and expenses out of legal assets in an ordinary administration action in the Chancery Division of the High Court is as follows:-1. Funeral expenses, which in the case of an insolvent estate must be strictly reasonable and necessary only, the executor or administrator being personally liabl...
Winding-up
Winding-up, the process by which an insolvent estate is distributed, as far as it will go, amongst the persons having claims upon it. The term is most frequently applied to the winding-up of joint-stock companies.The property of a company is collected and distributed firstly in discharge of its liabilities, and secondly, among its members according to their respective rights with a view to its dissolution. If the assets are not sufficient to meet the liabilities, a company is usually wound up by the Court. In other cases the winding-up is usually voluntary and conducted by the company itself either with or without the supervision of the Court. The provisions of the (English) Companies Act, 1929, govern a winding-up in any of these three modes (s. 156). In any winding-up the members who may be called upon to contribute are ascertained and their liability determined under ss. 157-162; see CONTRIBUTORIES. Debts and claims of all kinds require to be proved and if not of certain value to be...
Debt owed
Debt owed, a debt owed within the meaning of s. 2(m) of the Wealth-tax Act can be defined as a liability to pay in praesenti or in futuro an ascertainable sum of money, Commissioner of Wealth Tax v. Her Highness Vijyaba Dowger Maharani Saheb of Bhavnagar Palace, (1979) 2 SCC 213: AIR 1979 SC 982: (1979) 3 SCR 545.The deduction claimed in respect of each assessment year was in truth and substance a liability under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 or the Income-tax Act, 1961, as the case may be, and not a new liability created by the Finance Act, and, therefore, it constituted a 'debt owed' by the assessee on the respective valuation dates within the meaning of s. 2(m) of the Act and that the deduction claimed should be allowed while computing the net wealth of the assessee, Ahmed Ibrahim Sahigra Dhoraji v. Commissioner of Wealth Tax, (1981) 3 SCC 77: AIR 1981 SC 1562: (1981) 3 SCR 402.A 'debt owed' within the meaning of, s. 2(m) of the Wealth-tax Act can be defined as a liability to pay ...
Company
Company [fr. compagnia, Ital., which word is still printed on Bank of England notes as 'compa'], a body of persons associated for purposes of busi-ness, sometimes, but not now so frequently as some years ago, styled a Joint Stock Company.A company has its origin either (1) in a charter, as the Bank of England and many insurance companies; or (2) in a special Act of Parliament, with which, as authorizing an undertaking of a public nature such as a railway, the Companies Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 16), is necessarily incorporated; or (3) in registration under the Companies Acts, 1862 and subsequent Acts, now consolidated into the (English) Companies Act, 1925 (19 & 20 Geo. 5, c. 23).By s. 13 of the Act of 1925 (1) on the registration of the memorandum of a company the registrar shall certify under his hand that the company is incorporated and, in the case of a limited company, that the company is limited. (2) From the date of incorporation mentioned in the certificat...
liability
liability pl: -ties 1 : the quality or state of being liable 2 : something for which one is liable: as a : a financial obligation : debt [tax ] [the bonds are liabilities] compare asset contingent liability : an amount that may or may not be owed depending on the outcome of a contingency (as a cosigner's default on a loan) fixed liability : a liability (as a bond or mortgage) that does not mature for at least one year from the date incurred or from a given date b : accountability and responsibility to another enforceable by civil remedies or criminal sanctions [ for injuries caused by their product] absolute liability : strict liability in this entry alternative liability : joint liability imposed on multiple tortfeasors when there are simultaneous tortious acts (as defective manufacture of parts of a wheel by different manufacturers) and uncertainty as to which act was the proximate cause of an injury compare concert of action civil liability : liability imposed under c...
Husband and wife
Husband and wife. the Common Law treated them, for most purposes, as one person, giving, with exceptions comparatively unimportant, the whole of a woman's property to her husband for his absolute use, and a husband could not make a grant to his wife at the Common Law, though he might do so: (1) under the Statute of Uses, by granting an estate to another person for her use; (2) by creating a trust in her favour; (3) by the custom of particular places; (4) by surrendering copyholds to her use; and (5) by will.Equity, however, from very early times, by the doctrines of 'separate use,' 'trusts,' and 'equity to a settlement,' very largely modified the Common Law in favour of the wife; and the statute law has, by s. 1 of the Law Reform (Married Women and Tortfeasors Act), 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5, c. 30), almost completely abolished the property distinction between an unmarried and a married woman. See MARRIED WOMEN'S PROPERTY.At Common Law, a gift of either realty or personal-ity to a husband a...
Discharge
Discharge, to relieve of a duty. A sheriff is said to be discharged of his prisoner; a prisoner discharged from custody; a jury discharged from the cause. See next title.A rule nisi is discharged when the Court decides that it shall not be made absolute, i.e., that the party who obtained the rule nisi should take nothing, and the suit remain in statu quo. See RULE.In a warrant case instituted otherwise than on a police report, 'discharge' or 'acquittal' of accused are distinct concepts applicable to different stages of the proceedings in Court. The legal effect and incidents of 'discharge' and 'acquittal' are also different. An order of discharge in a warrant case instituted on complaint, can be made only after the process has been issued and before the charge is framed. S. 253(1) shows that as a general rule there can be no order of discharge unless the evidence of all the prosecution witnesses has been taken and the Magistrate considers for reasons to be recorded, in the light of the...
obligation
obligation 1 : a promise, acknowledgment, or agreement (as a contract) that binds one to a specific performance (as payment) ;also : the binding power of such an agreement or indication [held that the amendment did not unconstitutionally impair the s of contracts "Davis v. American Family Mut. Ins. Co., 521 N.W.2d 366 (1994)"] 2 : a debt security (as a corporate or government bond) see also collateralized mortgage obligation 3 : what one is obligated to do, satisfy, or fulfill: as a : a commitment to pay a particular amount of money [does not create a debt, liability, or other , legal or moral "State v. Florida Dev. Fin. Corp., 650 So. 2d 14 (1995)"] ;also : an amount owed in such a commitment b : a duty arising from law, contract, or morality [had a legal as an employer] [a contractual ] 4 in the civil law of Louisiana : a relationship that binds one party to a performance (as a payment or transfer) or nonperformance for another party see also contract, offense, quasi-offen...
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