Could And Did - Law Dictionary Search Results
Married women's property
Married women's property, At Common Law, a woman, by marrying, transferred the ownership of all her property, real and personal, present and future, to her husband absolutely, so that he might sell, pay his debts out of, give away, or dispose by will of it as he pleased, with these exceptions and modifications:-1) Her freehold estate became his to manage and take the profits of during the joint lives only. After his death, leaving her surviving, it passed to her absolutely; after her death, leaving him surviving, provided that it was an estate in possession and issue who could in her it had been born during the marriage, it passed to him as 'tenant by the curtesy (q.v.) of England,' during his life, and after his death to her heir-at-law.(2) Her leasehold estate, her personal estate in expectancy, and the debts owing to her and other 'choses in action,' became his absolutely if he did some act to appropriate or reduce them into possession during the marriage, or if he survived her. If ...
Extinguishment
Extinguishment, the annihilation of a collateral interest, or the supersedure of one interest by another and greater interest in that out of which it is derived. It is of various natures as applied to various rights.The cessation or cancellation of some right on interest, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 604.(1) Extinguishment of common. It he who is entitled to common appurtenant purchase any part of the land which is subject to his right of common, that right is extinguished for the whole; and so, if he release his right over any part of the land. But it has been justly doubted whether in any case, and especially if all persons who have common appurtenant in the same land concur in discharg-ing some part of it, this legal trap should be allowed to operate, Burton's Comp., 8th Edn. 352. If one of the tenants of a manor purchase any part of the land over which he has a right of common appendant, his right over the rest will continue. So, on the alienation of any part of land to whi...
Tenure
Tenure, cannot be equated with 'terms and con-ditions of services' or payment of gravity or pension. Tenure when followed by words of office, means term of office, Punjab University v. Khalsa College, Amritsar, AIR 1971 P&H 479: 1971 Cur LJ 334.Means a right, term, or mode of holding lands or tenements in subordination to a superior; in fendal times, real property was held predominantly as part of a tenure system, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1481.Tenure, the mode of holding property. The only tenures in land now existing with a few unimpor-tant exceptions are (1) free and common socage in fee-simple, including enfranchised copyhold, which is subject to paramount incidents; and (2) a term of years absolute (see LAND). The idea of tenure or holding is said to derive from feudalism, which separated the dominium directum (the dominion of the soil), which it placed mediately, or immediately, in the Crown, from the dominium utile (the possessory title), the right to use the profits ...
Joint-tenancy
Joint-tenancy. This tenancy is created where the same interest in real or personal property is, by the act of the party, passed by the same matter of conveyance or claim in solido, and not as merchan-dise, or for purposes of speculation, to two or more persons in the same right, either simply, or by construction or operation of law jointly, with a jus accrescendi, that is, a gradual concentration of property from more to fewer, by the accession of the part of him or them that die to the survivors or survivor, till it passes to a single hand, and the joint-tenancy ceases.Anciently, joint-tenancy was favoured because it did not induce fractions of estates, and returning to early principles the (English) Land Legislation of 1925 has employed the tenure generally as the machinery by which legal estate may in such cases always be in some person, called the estate owner, who is competent to give a title to the whole estate without the concurrence of other parties. that legal estate has been ...
Magna Carta
Magna Carta, [Latin 'great charter'] The English charter that King John granted to the barons in 1215 and Henry III and Edward I later confirmed. It is generally regarded as one of the great common-law documents and as the foundation of constitution liberties. The other three great charters of English Liberty are the Petition of Right (3 Car. (1628)), the Habeas Corpus Act (31 Car. 2 (1679)), and the Bill of Rights (1 Will. SM. (1689)). Also spelled Magna charta, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 963.This Great Charter is based substantially upon the Saxon Common Law, which flourished in this kingdom until the Normaninvasion consolidated the system of feudality, still the great characteristic of the principles of real property. The barons assembled at St.Edmund's Bury, in Suffolk, in the later part of the year 1214, and there solemnly swore upon the high alter to withdraw their allegiance from the Crown, and openly rebel, unless King John confirmed by a formal charter the ancient li...
Wages
Wages, if the remuneration is to be paid daily or weekly, it can be called wages. But when it is monthly remuneration payable on the last day of the month or after that date, and when the remuneration considering the general standards of payments is fairly high, then it has to be understood as salary, K.V.V. Sharma (in re), (1952) 2 Mad LJ 917.Includes any bonus or other additional remunera-tion etc., and any sum 'payable to such person by reason of the termination of his employment, A.R. Sarin v. B.C. Patil, AIR 1951 Bom 423.Means remuneration payable to an employee under an award or settlement, Purshottam v. Potdar, AIR 1966 SC 856.Means remuneration which an employer is liable to pay, if the term of the contract of employment are fulfilled. In other words, they are payments made by an employer for services rendered, G.M. Joshi v. First Civil Judge, AIR 1958 Bom 262.Wages, ought to include gratuity as well, Tirjugi Sitaram v. Badlu Prasad Bheru Prasad, AIR 1962 MP 361.The compensatio...
Enrollment
Enrollment, register, record; writing in which anything is recorded.The act of recording or registering, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 551.By the Statute of Enrolments, 27 Hen. 8, c. 16, now repealed by the (English) L.P. Amendment Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5, c. 5),Sch. 10, every bargain and sale of a freehold interest was required to be enrolled in Chancery within six [lunar] months after its date.No assurance before 1926 by a tenant-in-tail under the (English) Fines and Recoveries abolition Act, 1833 (3 & 4 Wm. 4, c. 74), will have any operation unless enrolled in the Central Office within six calendar months after its execution, which enrolment is sufficient of itself, even where the conveyance was by bargain and sale, within the Statute of Enrolments. This provision did not extend to copyholds, the enrolment then being on the Court-rolls of the manor. By s. 133 the (English) Law of Property Act, 1925, enrolment is not required in respect of assurances or instruments executed or ma...
Marriage
Marriage. Marriage as understood in Christendom is the voluntary union for life of one man and one woman, to the exclusion of all others, Hyde v. Hyde, 1866 LR 1 P&D 130. Where a marriage in a foreign country complies with these requirements it is immaterial that under the local law dissolution can be obtained by mutual consent or at the will of either party with merely formal conditions of official registration, and it constitutes a valid marriage according to English law, Nachimson v. Nachimson, 1930, P. 217. Previous to 1753 the validity of marriage was regulated by ecclesiastical law, not touched by any statutory nullity but modified by the Common law Courts, which sometimes interfered with the Ecclesiastical Courts, by prohibition, sometimes themselves decide on the validity of a marriage, presuming a marriage in fact as opposed to lawful marriage. A religious ceremony by an ordained clergyman was essential to a lawful marriage, at all events for dower and heirship; but if in an i...
Prerogative of mercy
Prerogative of mercy. In early times the operation of the Royal Prerogative of Mercy was far wider than at the present day, as it was not only extended to some persons who in later ages would not be considered to have incurred any criminal respon-sibility, e.g., persons who had committed homicide by misadventure or in self-defence (Pollock and Maitland's Hist. Engl. Law, vol. ii., pp. 476 et seq.), but was even extended to jurors who had been attained for an oath that, though not false, was fatuous: ibid. p. 661. The power of pardoning offences is stated by Blackstone to be one of the great advantages of monarchy in general above every other form of government, and which cannot subsist in democracies. Its utility and necessity are defended by him on all those principles which do honour to human nature: see 4 Bl. Com. c. 31, p. 397. In early times, again, there were fewer offences that did not admit of being pardoned. In appeals (i.e., private accusations of felony) which were not the s...
Terms for years
Terms for years. An estate for years is denominated a term, because its enjoyment is strictly fixed, for by 'term' is meant not only the interest which passes, but also the period for which it is held. It is a chattel real: chattel, because the estate passes to the owner's executors at his death, and did not pass to his heir-at-law, and so far partakes of the nature of personalty; real, because it is an interest in lands, and therefore partakes of the nature of real property.A term is usually created by a deed or speciality contract, called a lease or demise under the Common Law (see LEASE), and the appropriate operative verbs therein are 'demise,' or 'grant, lease, and to farm let'; but any wards showing the intent of the parties that the one (the lessor) shall divest himself of the possession, and the other (the lessee) come into it for a determinate time, are generally sufficient for the purpose.Terms could not be limited in succession or by way of remainder except by way of trust o...
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