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Drainage

Drainage, Sanitary.--Drainage for sanitary purposes is regulated by Part II, ss. 14-52, of the (English) Public Health Act, 1936, which provides (s. 39) that local authorities may enforce drainage of undrained houses, etc.Agricultural.--Drainage for agricultural purposes is provided for by the (English) Land Drainage Act, 1930 (20 & 21 Geo. 5, c. 44), which provides for the constitution of drainage districts with their respective drainage boards, which districts are to consist of catchment areas or other drainage districts and any drainage districts or areas constituted under the (English) Land Drainage Act, 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. 133), and any subsequent enactment subject to the provisions of the Act of 1930. Catchment Boards are appointed partly by the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries and partly by local authorities within the catchment area and partly by the Minister consulting internal Drainage Boards; see s. 3 of the (English) L.D. Act, 1930. Drainage Boards are elected by ow...


Doctor

Doctor, the courtesy title 'doctor' is commonly applied to all registered medical practitioners, excepting consulting surgeons. Whether or not they hold the degree of Doctor of Medicine, Halsbury's Laws of England (28), para 28, p. 31....


melatonin

A hormone secreted by the pineal gland Chemically it is N acety 5 methoxytryptamine Research has indicated that there are daily rhythms in secretion of melatonin in particular due to the depressing effect on melatonin production by light received by the retina Conversely it appears that melatonin may influence the circadian rhythms of animals There is some experimental evidence that administration of melatonin may increase the amount of sleep in people with sleep disorders However the evidence is not convincing and the effect is not profound Nevertheless the deregulation of melatonin and its availability over the counter has led to many people taking melatonin to help sleep without consulting a physician...


Public meeting

Public meeting, a meeting which any person may attend. Any number of persons may meet in any place for any lawful purpose with the consent of the owner of that place; but without such consent, and in any case in the public streets, which are lawfully used for the purpose of passing and repassing only (see the ruling of Charles, J., in the Trafalgar Square case in 1887, and Ex parte Lewis, (1888) 21 QBD 191), there is no 'right of public meeting' known to English law.Political meetings within a mile of Westminster Hall during the session of Parliament are prohibited by the Seditious Meetings Act, 1817. As a result of disturbances created by persons advocating the extension of the parliamentary franchise to women there was passed the Public Meeting Act, 1908, which by s. 1 provides as follows:-1.-(1) Any person who at a lawful public meeting acts in a disorderly manner for the purpose of preventing the transaction of the business for which the meeting was called together shall be guilty ...


Year of allotment

Year of allotment, the year of allotment of an Officer appointed to the service after the commencement of these rules shall be: (b) Where the officer is appointed to the service by promotion in accordance with sub-rule (1) of Rule 8 of the Recruitment Rules, the year of allotment of the junior most among the officers recruited to the service in accordance with Rule 7 of these rules, who officiated continuously in a Senior Post from a date earlier than the date of commencement of such officiation by the former. Provided that the year of allotment of an officer appointed to the service in accordance with sub-rule (1), Rule 8 of the recruitment rules who started officiating continuously in a senior post from a date earlier than the date on which any of the Officers recruited to the service in accordance with Rule 7 of these rules, so started officiating, shall be determined ad hoc by the Central Government in consultation with the State Government concerned. Provided further that an offic...


Remoteness

Remoteness, want of close connection between a wrong and the injury, as cause and effect, whereby the party injured cannot claim compensation from the wrongdoer. Where the damage sustained by the plaintiff is neither the necessary nor the probable result of the defendant's conduct, nor such as can be shown to have been in his contemplation at the time, it will be excluded as too remote. Consult Maine on Damages, and see CAUSA CAUSANS. The term is also often used to signify an infraction of the rule against perpetuity, a limitation exceeding the prescribed limits being said to be 'void for remoteness.' See Law of Property Act, 1925, s. 163, and PERPETUITIES. Consult Gray on Perpetuities....


Release

Release [fr. relaxtio, Lat.], a gift, discharge, or renunciation of a right of action (see SURETY CON-SIDERATION); also a Common Law conveyance of a larger estate, or a remainder, or reversion to one already in possession, the operative verb in which is 'release'; hence the name. It operates or inures in five modes:-(a) By passing an estate to one or more already in possession (mitter l'estate), as where a coparcener conveys his estate to his coparcener, or where one of more than two joint tenants conveys his interest to one or more but not all of the others so as to sever that share. It also operates without mitter l'estate where one joint tenant releases his estate to the other, or all the other joint tenants so as not to create a severance. See Halsbury, L. of E., tit. 'Release.' In consequence of the privity between such parties, a fee-simple will pass without any words of limitation. Tenants in common, however, could not thus release to one another, since they had distinct interes...


Master and servant

Master and servant, a relation whereby a person calls in the assistance of others, where his own skill and labour are not sufficient to carry out his own business or purpose. See LABOURERS.Servants are of several descriptions:- 1st Servants in husbandry. These are very generally hired by the year, as from Michaelmas to Michaelmas, and this is an entire hiring for a year; and, unless otherwise stipulated, no wages are payable until the end of the year. Consult Burn's Justice, tit. 'Servants.'2nd Servants in particular trades. These (who are now more frequently termed 'workmen,' their masters being termed 'employers') are subject to the control of the magistrates under the (English) Employers and Workmen Act, 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 90), and by the Truck Acts (see that title) their wages must be paid in coin.3rd Apprentices. These are placed with the master to learn his trade, with a view hereafter of following it themselves. See APPRENTICE.4th Menial or domestic servants. If no terms be ...


London, Port of

London, Port of. The administration is provided for by the Port of London (Consolidation) Act, 1920 (10 & 11 Geo. 5, c. clxxiii.); s. 6 enacts:-(1) There shall be a chairman and vice-chairman and other members of the Port Authority elected and appointed in manner provided by this Act for the purpose of administering, preserving and improving the Port of London and otherwise for the purposes of this Act, and the several persons who now constitute and shall, from time to time constitute the Port Authority, shall notwithstanding the repeal of enactments effected by this Act, continue and be a body corporate by the name of 'the Port of London Authority, and by that name shall continue to have perpetual succession and a common seal having power to acquire and hold land for the purposes of this Act without licence in mortmain.(2) The several persons who were respectively the chairman, vice-chairman and other members of the Port Authority immediately before the passing of this Act, and shall ...


Locomotives. I

Locomotives. I. On Highways.--Locomotives on highways are of two classes: (a) Light Locomotives; (b) Heavy Locomotives.(a) Formerly the expression light locomotive and motor car meant the same apart from certain provisions as to registration. As to motor cars, see MOTOR CAR.Now light locomotives as defined by the (English) Road Traffic Act, 1930 (20 & 21 Geo. 5, c. 43), are mechanically propelled vehicles which are not constructed themselves to carry any load (other than water, fuel, equipment, tools, etc.), and the weight of which unladen does not exceed 11-1/2 tons, but does exceed 7-1/4 tons. Road Traffic Act, 1930 (20 & 21 Geo. 5, c. 43).A person under 21 shall not drive a light locomotive (s. 9), two persons must be employed in driving or attending, and if driving a trailer one or more in addition (s. 17). The period of continuous driving by any one person is limited by (s. 19) to 5-1/2 hours amounting to not more than 11 in the aggregate in 24 hours, and the driver is to have at ...



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