Cause Or Matter - Law Dictionary Search Results
Sufficient cause
Sufficient cause, for non-appearance refers to the date on which the absence was made a ground for proceeding ex parte and cannot be stretched to rely upon other circumstances anterior in time, Tea Auction Ltd. v. Grace Hill Tea Industry, AIR 2007 SC 67.Sufficient cause is an expression which is found in various statues. It has been construed liberally in keeping with its ordinary dictionary meaning as adequate or enough. That is, any justifiable reason resulting in vacation has to be understood as sufficient cause. For instance economic difficulty or financial stringency or family reasons may compel a landlord to let out a building in his occupation. So long as it is found to be genuine and bona fide it would amount to vacating a building for sufficient cause, Surinder Singh Sibia v. Vijay Kumar Sood, AIR 1992 SC 1540 (1541): (1992) 1 SCC 70. [H.P. Urban Rent Control Act, 1987, s. 14(3), Proviso 2]The expression 'sufficient cause' cannot be cons-trued too liberally, merely because the...
Decree
Decree [fr. decretum, Lat.], an edict, a law.The term was also used for the judgment of a Court of Equity. But by the (English) Judicature Acts, 1873 and 1875, the expression judgment, which was formerly used only in Courts of Common Law, is adopted in reference to the decisions of all Divisions of the Supreme Court, and [(English) Judicature Act, 1925, s. 225, replacing (English) Act of 1873, s. 100] includes decree. See JUDGMENT, and consult Seton on Decrees. In Scotland the judgment of a Court disposing of a case (accent on first syllable).Decree means a formal expression of an adjudication which the Court conclusively and finally determines the rights of the parties with regard to all or any of the matters in controversy in the suit, Deep Chand v. Land Acquisition Officer, (1994) 4 SCC 99: AIR 1994 SC 1901.A decree in invitum is not an instrument securing money or other property; such a decree is a record of the formal adjudication of the Court relating to a right claimed by a part...
Injunction
Injunction, Expression 'injunction' in s. 41(b) is not qualified by an adjective and, therefore, it would, comprehend both interim and perpetual injunc-tion, Cotton Corporation of India v. United Industries Ltd., AIR 1983 SC 1272 (1277): (1983) 4 SCC 625. [Specific Relief Act, 1963, s. 41(b)]This is the discretionary process of preventive and remedial justice, whereby a person is required to refrain from doing a specified meditated wrong, not amounting to a crime. It is either (1) inter-locutory, i.e., provisional or temporary, until the coming in of the defendant's answer, or until the hearing of the cause; or (2) perpetual, i.e., forming part of a decree made at a hearing upon the merits, whereby the defendant is perpetually inhibited from the assertion of a right, or perpetually res-trained from the commission of an act contrary to equity and good conscience. As to mandatory injunctions, see post.See Specific Relief Act, 1963 (47 of 1963), s. 37.Prior to the Judicature Act injunctio...
Lis pendens
Lis pendens (a pending suit). The pendency of another action between the same a parties for the same cause of action might, under the former practice, have been pleaded in abatement, though not in bar; but the pendency of an action in an inferior or foreign court could not be so pleaded. Such matter may now be setup by way of defence, or the action may be stayed by the court, under the (English) Judicature Act, 1925, s. 41, replacing Judicature Act, 1873, s. 24 (5).The actual pendency of a suit in equity was regarded as notice of the suit to all the world, though after a complete decision the public attention may be supposed to be drawn off to other matters, and therefore a person was allowed to be ignorant of a final decree of the court made in a cause in which he was not concerned, see Price v. Price, (1887) 35 Ch D 297. But by the (English) Judgments Act, 1839 (2 & 3 Vict. c. 11), s. 7, it was enacted that no lis pendens shall bind a purchaser or mortgagee without express notice the...
Suit and appeal
Suit and appeal, the only difference between a suit an appeal is this that an appeal 'only reviews and corrects the proceedings in a cause already constituted but does not create the cause'. As it is intended to interfere in the cause by its means, it is a part of it, and in connection with some matters and some statutes it is said that an appeal is a continuation of a suit, Doya Wati v. Inderjit, AIR 1966 SC 1423 (1427): (1966) 3 SCR 275.The only difference between a suit an appeal is this that an appeal 'only reviews and corrects the proceedings in a cause already constituted but does not create the cause, Deyawati v. Inderjit, AIR 1966 SC 1423 (1427). [Usurious Loans Act, 1913, s. 3 as amended by s. 5 of Punjab Relief of Indebtedness Act (7 of 1934)]...
New trial
New trial. If any defect of judgment happen from causes wholly extrinsic, i.e., arising from matters foreign to or dethors the record, the only remedy the party injured by it has (except formerly error coram nobis or vobis in some few cases) is by applying to the Court for a new trial, which is in substitution for a bill of exceptions. But the Court must be satisfied that there are strong probable grounds to suppose that the merits have not been fairly and fully discussed, and that the decision is not agreeable to the justice and truth of the case before they will grant a new trial.The following is a summary of the cases in which a new trial may be granted. They are all subject to the rule that in an action of contract, unless some right independent of the damages be in question, the amount in dispute must be 20l. at least for the Court to interfere.(1) Mistakes, etc., of a judge. If a judge misdirect a jury, even in a penal action, it is generally a good ground for a new trial. So if ...
Same subject matter
Same subject matter, the expression 'same subject-matter' includes the cause of action and relief claimed, AIR 1972 Guj 63 (65). (Civil PC, 1908, O. 23, R. 2)...
Pending
Pending, For detailed discussion of the term 'pend-ing', see S.D. Saigal v. Vidya Vijan, AIR 1978 All 82.The word 'pending' will ordinarily mean that the matter is not concluded and the court which has cognizance of it can make an order on the matter in issue. The test is whether any proceedings can be taken in the cause before the court or tribunal where it is said to be pending. The answer is that until the case is concluded it is pending, Lt. Col. S.K. Kashyap v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1971 SC 1120 (1128): (1971) 2 SCC 126: (1971) 3 SCR 881. [Army Act, 1950, s. 126]A legal proceeding is 'pending' as soon as commenced and until it is concluded, i.e., so long as the Court having original cognizance of it can make an order on the matters in issue, or to be dealt with, therein, Asgarali Nasarali Singparewala v. State of Bombay, AIR 1957 SC 503 (509). [Criminal Law Amendment Act (46 of 1952), s. 10]Pending, in regard to suits or proceedings for ejectments mean pending before a decree wa...
In forma pauperis
In forma pauperis (in the character of a pauper). Every poor person, having cause of action, was entitled by 11 Hen. 7, c. 12, which is in affirmance of the Common Law, to have writs according to the nature of the case, without paying the fees thereon, and the judges might assign him counsel and solicitor, who acted gratis. This discretionary indulgence was confined to plaintiffs at Common Law, but was extended by Courts of (English) Equity to defendants.The statute 11 Hen. 7, c. 12, is repealed by the Statute Law Revision and Civil Procedure Act, 1883, but its provisions and those of the Chancery Orders and Common Law Rules (which gave effect to it in somewhat different terms) are thrown into one code by (English) R.S.C., Ord. XVI., rr. 22-31 G., by which a person may be admitted to sue or defend as a poor person on proof that he has a reasonable cause of action or defence and that his means do not exceed 50l. his clothes, household goods, tools of trade, and the subject-matter of the...
Contempt of court
Contempt of court, means civil contempt or criminal contempt.--A disobedience to or disregard of the rules, orders, process, or dignity of a Court, which has power to punish for such offence by committal. Contempts are either direct, which only insult or resist the powers of the Court, or the persons of the judges who preside there; or consequential, which, without such gross insolence or direct opposition, plainly tend to create a universal disregard of their authority. Contempts may be divided into acts of contempt committed in the Court itself (in facie curi') and out of Court. Among the former are all unseemly behaviour (for which, and which only (see Reg. v. Lefroy, (1873) LR 8 QB 134), there is an express power to punish by s. 162 of the (English) County Courts Act, 1888), as talking boisterously, applauding any part of the proceedings, refusing to be sworn or to answer a question as a witness, interfering with the business of the Court on the part of a person who has no right to...
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