At Public Expense - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: at public expense Page: 2 Page 2 of about 35 results (0.004 seconds)Costs
Costs, expenses incurred in litigation or professional transactions, consisting of money paid for stamps, etc., to the officers of the Court, or to the counsel and solicitors, for their fees, etc.Costs in actions are either between solicitor and client, being what are payable in every case to the solicitor by his client, whether he ultimately succeed or not; or between party and party, being those only which are allowed in some particular cases to the party succeeding against his adversary, and these are either interlocutory, given on various motions and proceedings in the course of the suit or action, or final, allowed when the matter is determined.Neither party was entitled to costs at Common Law, but the Statute of Gloucester (6 Edw. 1, c. 4), gave cots to a successful plaintiff, and 2 & 3 Hen. 8, c. 6, and 4 Jac. 1, c. 3, to a victorious defendant; see Garnett v. Bradley, (1878) 3 App Cas 944.In proceedings between the Crown and a subject the general rule is that the Crown neither ...
bill
bill 1 : a draft of a law presented to a legislature for enactment ;also : the law itself [the GI ] ap·pro·pri·a·tions bill [ə-prō-prē-ā-shənz-] : a bill providing money for government expenses and programs NOTE: Appropriations bills originate in the House of Representatives. bill of attainder 1 : a legislative act formerly permitted that attainted a person and imposed a sentence of death without benefit of a judicial trial see also attainder compare bill of pains and penalties in this entry 2 : a legislative act that imposes any punishment on a named or implied individual or group without a trial NOTE: Bills of attainder are prohibited by Article I of the U.S. Constitution. bill of pains and penalties : a legislative act formerly permitted that imposed a punishment less severe than death without benefit of a judicial trial compare bill of attainder in this entry NOTE: The term bill of attainder is often used to include bills of p...
interest
interest [probably alteration of earlier interesse, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin, from Latin, to be between, make a difference, concern, from inter- between, among + esse to be] 1 : a right, title, claim, or share in property Article Nine security interest : security interest in this entry beneficial interest : the right to the use and benefit of property [a beneficial interest in the trust] contingent interest : a future interest whose vesting is dependent upon the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a future event compare vested interest in this entry controlling interest : sufficient stock ownership in a corporation to exert control over policy equitable interest : an interest (as a beneficial interest) that is held by virtue of equitable title or that may be claimed on the ground of equitable relief [claimed an equitable interest in the debtor's assets] executory interest : a future interest other than a remainder or reversion that may take effect upon the divesting...
Water and watercourse
Water and watercourse. In the language of the law the term 'land' includes water, 2 Bl. Com. 18. An action cannot be brought to recover possession of a pool or other piece of water by the name of water only, but it must be brought for the land that lies at the bottom, e.g. 'twenty acres of land covered with water.'-Brownl. 142. See POOL. By granting a certain water, though the right of fishing passes, yet the soil does not. Water being a movable, wandering thing, there can be only a temporary, transient, usufructuary property therein. Consult Coulson and Forbes on the Law of Waters, Gale on Easements, and Angell on Watercourse. 'Water' does not include the land on which it stands, unless perhaps in the case of salt pits or springs, where the interest of each owner is measured by builleries, ballaries or buckets of brine, Burt. Comp. pl. (550), and see Co. Litt. 4 b.The (English) Waterworks Clauses Act, 1847, and the Waterworks Clauses Act, 1863 (see Chitty's Statutes, tit. 'Water,' and...
Insurance
Insurance, see, Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), s. 80C, Expl. 1.Insurance, the act of providing against a possible loss, by entering into a contract with one who is willing to give assurance, that is, to bind himself to make good such loss should it occur. In this contract, the chances of benefit are equal to the insured and the insurer. The first actually pays a certain sum, and the latter undertakes to pay a larger, if an accident should happen. The one renders his property secure; the other receives money with the probability that it is clear gain. The instrument by which the contract is made is called a policy; the stipulated consideration, a premium. As to what is known as a coupon policy, i.e., a coupon cut out of a diary, etc., see General Accident, etc., Assce. Corpn. v. Robertson, 1909 AC 404.Insurable Interest must be possessed by the person taking out a policy; he must be so circumstanced as to have benefit from the existence of the person or thing insured, and some preju...
Drunkenness
Drunkenness, intoxication with strong liquor; habit-ual inebriety. A contract made by a person when so drunk as to be unable to understand what he is doing is voidable if the person with whom the contract was made was aware of the fact, but it is not void, and may be ratified when he becomes sober, Matthews v. Baxter, (1873) LR 8 Ex 132. Mere drunknness was punishable by statutes 4 Jac. 1, c. 5, and 21 Jac. 1, c. 7, ss. 1, 3, by a fine of five shillings and confinement in the stocks in default of distress. Under the Licensing Act, 1872 (35 & 36 Vict. c. 94), which repeals various previous enactments, drunkenness in a public place or licensed house is punishable by fine (s. 12). Disorderly drunkenness is punishable by fine or imprisonment, and refusal by drunken persons to quit licensed premises is punishable by fine. [(English) Licensing Consolidation Act, 1910, s. 80]The 1st s. of the (English) Licensing Act, 1902 (2 Edw. 7, c. 28), enacts that--If a person is found drunk in any highw...
Letters-patent, or letters overt
Letters-patent, or letters overt [fr. liter' patentes, Lat.], writings of the sovereign, sealed with the Great Seal of England, whereby a person or public company is enabled to do acts or enjoy privileges which he or it could not do or enjoy without such authority. They are so called because they are open with the seal affixed and ready to be shown for confirmation of the authority thereby given. Peers are sometimes created by letters-patent, and letters-patent of precedence were granted to barristers. By letters-patent aliens are made denizens, and especially new inventions are protected; hence the incorporeal chattel of patent-right.A 'patent-right' is a privilege granted by the Crown to the first inventor of any new contrivance in manufactures, that he alone shall be entitled, during a limited period, to make Articles according to his own invention--Statute of Monopolies, 21 Jac. 1, c. 3.To be the subject of a patent-right an article must be material and capable of manufacture, an i...
Rate
Rate, A contribution levied by some public body for a public purpose, as a poor rate, a highway rate, a sewers rate, upon, as a general rule, the occupiers of property within a parish or other area.Proportional or relative value; the proportion of which quantity or value is adjusted, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 1268.The term 'rate' is also used to mean a charge by a water, gas, railway, or other public undertaking for services rendered e.g., (English) Railways Act, 1921, s. 20; Metropolitan Water Board Charges Act, 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5, c. xciv.).The poor rate was levied under the (English) Poor Relief Act, 1601 (43 Eliz. s. 2), on the occupiers in each parish of 'lands, houses, tithes, coal mines, or saleable underwoods,' and the (English) Rating Act, 1874, extended the liability to rates to: (1) land used for a plantation or a wood, or for the growth of saleable underwood, and not subject to any right of common; (2) rights of fowling, shooting, taking, or killing game, or ra...
Negligence
Negligence, acting carelessly, a question of law or fact or of mixed fact and law, depending entirely upon the nature of a duty, which the person charged with negligence has failed to comply with or perform in the particular circumstance of each case. A very convenient classification has been formulated corresponding to the degree of negligence entailing liability measured by the degree of care undertaken or required in each case, i.e., (1) ordinary, which is the want of ordinary diligence; (2) slight, the want of great diligence; and (3) gross, the want of slight diligence. A smaller degree of negligence will render a person liable for injury to infants than in the case of adults, see Cooke v. Midland Great Western Railway, 1909 AC 229; and Glasgow Corporation v. Taylor, (1922) 1 AC 44. There is also a peculiar duty to take precaution in the case of dangerous Articles, see Dominion Natural Gas Co. v. Collins, 1909 AC 640. This case should be distinguished from the principle in Fletche...
bond
bond 1 a : a usually formal written agreement by which a person undertakes to perform a certain act (as appear in court or fulfill the obligations of a contract) or abstain from performing an act (as committing a crime) with the condition that failure to perform or abstain will obligate the person or often a surety to pay a sum of money or will result in the forfeiture of money put up by the person or surety ;also : the money put up NOTE: The purpose of a bond is to provide an incentive for the fulfillment of an obligation. It also provides reassurance that the obligation will be fulfilled and that compensation is available if it is not fulfilled. In most cases a surety is involved, and the bond makes the surety responsible for the consequences of the obligated person's behavior. Some bonds, such as fidelity bonds, function as insurance agreements, in which the surety promises to pay for financial loss caused by the bad behavior of an obligated person or by some contingency over w...
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