Time Charter-party, a time charter, is 'one in which the ownership and also possession of the ship remain in the original owner whose remuneration or hire is generally calculated at a monthly rate on the tonnage of the ship, while a voyage charter is a contract to carry specified goods on a defined voyage on a remuneration or freight usually calculated according to the quantity of cargo carried'. In Carver's Carriage by Sea, it is stated that 'all charter-parties are not contracts of carriage. Sometimes the ship itself, and the control over her working and navigation, are transferred for the time being to the persons who use her. In such cases the contract is really one of letting the ship, and, subject to the express terms of the charter-party, the liabilities of the ship owner and the charterers to one another are to be determined by the law which relates to the hiring of chattels, and not by reference to the liabilities of carriers and shippers'. According to Scrutton on Charter-parties, fall into three main categories: (i) charters by demise, (ii) time-charters (not by way of demise), and (iii) voyage charters. 'Sometimes categories (i) and (ii) are both referred to as time-charters as distinguished from category (iii), and they have this in common that the shipowner's remuneration is reckoned by the time during which the charterer is entitled to the use of services of his ship', Union of India v. Gosalia Shipping (Pvt.) Ltd., AIR 1978 SC 1196 (1200): (1978) 3 SCC 23: (1978) 3 SCR 943.
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