Speaker of the House of Commons. This great officer is the organ or spokesman of the Commons; in modern times he is more occupied in presiding over the deliberations of the House than in delivering speeches on their behalf. The principal duties of the Speaker are the following:-To preside, as Chairman of the House, at its debates when not in committee; to give a casting vote, when the votes are equal, which according to practice he gives in favour of a motion or bill (he has no original vote); to read to the sovereign petitions or addresses from the Commons, and to deliver in the royal presence, whether at the palace or in the House of Lords, such speeches as are usually made on behalf of the Commons; to reprimand persons who have incurred the displeasure of the House; to issue warrants of committal or release for breaches of privilege; and to communicate in writing with any parties, when so instructed by the House. In the case of Bills introduced under the provisions of the (English) Parliament Act, 1911, he must certify that a Money Bill is such, and in the case of Bills other than Money Bills he must certify that the provisions of s. 2 of the Act have been duly complied with, and must also give a certificate as to amendments introduced by the House of Lords. Any certificate given by him under the Act is conclusive for all purposes (s. 3). He is chosen by the House of Commons, from amongst its members, subject to the approval of the Crown, and holds office till the dissolution of the Parliament in which he was elected, and is expected to preserve a strictly impartial attitude. a substantial salary is provided with a furnished residence. At the end of his official labours he is usually rewarded by a peerage. As to the powers and duties of a Deputy Speaker, see 18 & 19 Vict. c. 25 and 31 & 32 Vict. c. 125, and May's Parl. Pr
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