Court : US Supreme Court
..... and size of the loaf, the atmospheric condition, and the dryness and temperature of the place where kept. it appears that, in order to insure bread of the standard weight of sixteen ounces, it is necessary to scale the dough before baking at about twenty ounces. the record also shows that, although the price of bread sold by ..... that a full pound loaf, with the variations provided, would page 226 u. s. 589 furnish the best standard. it has not fixed the price at which bread may be sold. it has only prescribed that the standard weight must be found in the loaves of the sizes authorized. to the argument that to make exactly one pound loaves ..... be made for them. this court has had frequent occasion to declare that there is no absolute freedom of contract. the exercise of the police power fixing weights and measures and standard sizes must necessarily limit the freedom of contract which would otherwise exist. such limitations are constantly imposed upon the right to contract freely page 226 u. s .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... bread to restrictions which are essentially unreasonable and arbitrary, and is therefore repugnant to the fourteenth amendment. judgment reversed. [ footnote 1 ] "an act establishing a standard weight loaf of bread for the state of nebraska and providing a penalty. . . ." "section 1. department of agriculture to enforce. it shall be the duty ..... a price which, despite the extraordinary and oftentimes exasperating circumstances, made bread still the cheapest and best food on the american table. . . . this standard weight insisted upon by the food administration is one of the regulations referred to as having been found so advantageous by the majority of bakers that, in a ..... in regard to the enforcement of bread legislation, including tolerances, are offered as a result of 5 years' successful enforcement of a standard-weight bread law. the law itself provides that the standard weights of all loaves of bread within 12 hours after baking shall be 16 ounces . . . or multiples of the 16-ounce size .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... scales must be equipped with a device which will automatically compensate for changes of temperature at zero balance and throughout the whole range of weight graduations." the standard company manufactures a combination spring and lever computing scale which was then being used and sold in new york. it is equipped with a ..... character. the general business law, substantially as enacted in 1909, provided by 11 that: "the state superintendent of weights and measures shall take charge of the standards adopted by this article as the standards of the state, cause them to be kept in a fireproof building belonging to the state, from which they shall ..... [ footnote 3 ] "he shall, upon the written request of any citizen, firm, corporation, or educational institution of the state, test or calibrate weights, measures, weighing or measuring devices, and instruments or apparatus used as standards in the state. he, or his deputies or inspectors by his direction, shall at least once annually test all scales .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... 83; 1785, c. 87. many other maryland provincial laws, prescribing the length, superficial and solid measure, weight and capacity of domestic products, are collected on pages 45-47 of the report of mr. j. h. alexander on the standards of weight and measurement in maryland. virginia: laws of va. revisal 1783, pp. 47, 188, 192. pork, ..... of the thirteen american colonies and states in force in 1787, when the constitution of the united states was adopted, that the form, capacity, dimensions, and weight of packages were objects of inspection, irrespective of the quality of the contents of the packages. the instances embrace, among others, the dimensions of shingles, ..... the tobacco be merchantable, to the owner, with a certificate stating the date of inspection, the warehouse mark and number of the hogshead, the weight thereof, and the net weight of the tobacco in it, and that unmerchantable tobacco shall be reconditioned, packed, reweighed, and reinspected, and then sampled and certified, and by .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... in most commercial transactions and the pound troy "for weighing gold and silver and precious stones, except diamonds." [ footnote 4/23 ] unrestricted power "to fix the standard of weights and measures" is vested in congress, but until recently congress had not enacted any general regulations in execution of that power. [ footnote 4/24 ] regulations upon the ..... blessings of liberty to themselves and their posterity. associated as the grant to coin money and regulate the value thereof is with the grant to fix the standard of weights and measures, the conclusion, when that fact is properly weighed in connection with the words of the grant, is irresistible that the purpose of the ..... of power, admitting of very little discretion in its exercise, and is not equivalent, except to a very limited extent, to the power to fix the standard of weights and measures, as the money authorized by that clause of the constitution is coined money, and as a necessary consequence must be money of actual value, .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... on february 1, 1930." the coupon in suit, for $22.50, was payable on february 1, 1934. the complaint alleged that, on february 1, 1930, the standard weight and fineness of a gold dollar of the united states as a unit of value "was fixed to consist of twenty-five and eight-tenths grains of gold, nine-tenths ..... heretofore or hereafter coined or issued, shall be legal tender for all debts, public and private, public charges, taxes, duties, and dues, except that gold coins, when below the standard weight and limit of tolerance provided by law for the single piece, shall be legal tender only at valuation in proportion to their actual ..... , to borrow money, to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, to coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standards of weights and measures, and the added express power "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the other enumerated powers. juilliard v. greenman, .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... foreign nations and among the several states and with the indian tribes." "to coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures. " page 110 u. s. 440 the section which contains the grant of these and other principal legislative powers concludes by declaring that the congress shall ..... demand into coin, and as confidence in such convertibility increases or diminishes, so does the exchangeable value of the notes vary. so far from becoming themselves standards of value by reason of the legislative declaration to that effect, their own value is measured by the facility with which they can be exchanged into that ..... manufactured or decreed into existence, and they do not perish by lapse of time. they have, therefore, naturally, if not necessarily, become throughout the world a standard of value. in exchange for pieces of them, products requiring an equal amount of labor are readily given. when the product and the piece of metal represent the .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... articles of confederation, as to coin money, regulate the value thereof, borrow money on the credit of the united states, fix the standard of weights and measures, and numerous others apparent on inspection. as the constitution was intended to be a supreme fundamental law and bond of union for ages to come, ..... united states," the terms used were such as had been long defined, well understood in policy, legislation, and jurisprudence, and capable of being referred to some authoritative standard meaning; otherwise the constitution would be open to such a construction of its terms as might be found in any history of a colony, a state, or their ..... with the meaning given to the term by themselves, while members of congress, before as well as after the adoption of the constitution, rather than any other standard of interpretation to be found elsewhere. these reasons are strengthened by a reference to other parts of the constitution, the terms of which are copied from the .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... the preservation of the same, agreeably to the plan of the said city; to provide for the safe keeping of the standard of weights and measures fixed by congress, and for the regulation of all weights and measures used in the city; to provide page 19 u. s. 273 for the licensing and regulating the sweeping of ..... would justify the withdrawal of a judgment rendered in a state court on the constitution, laws, or treaties of the united states from this appellate jurisdiction. great weight has always been attached, and very rightly attached, to contemporaneous exposition. no question, it is believed, has arisen to which this principle applies more unequivocally than ..... provisions, the gauging of casks and liquors, the storage of gunpowder, and all naval and military stores, not the property of the united states, to regulate the weight and quality of bread, to tax and license hawkers and peddlers, to restrain or prohibit tippling houses, lotteries, and all kinds of gaming, to superintend the health .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... time secure at home freedom of intercourse between the states, equality of protection to citizens of each state in the several states, uniformity of commercial regulations, a common currency, a standard of weights and measures, one postal system, and such other matters as concerned all the states and their people. accordingly, the new government was invested with powers adequate to the accomplishment ..... receiving ambassadors, entering into treaties and alliances; of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by the authority of the states or of the united states; of fixing the standard of weights and measures; of regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the indians; and of establishing and regulating post offices from one state to another; and they placed numerous .....
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