Court : US Supreme Court
Decided on : Mar-04-1981
Schweiker v. Wilson - 450 U.S. 221 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Schweiker v. Wilson, 450 U.S. 221 (1981) Schweiker v. Wilson No. 79-1380 Argued December 2, 1980 Decided March 4, 1981 450 U.S. 221 APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS Syllabus The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, which is part of the Social Security Act, provides a subsistence allowance to needy aged, blind, and disabled persons. Inmates of public institutions are generally excluded from this program, except that, under 1611(e)(1)(B) of the Act, a reduced amount of SSI benefits are provided to otherwise eligible persons in a hospital, extended care facility, nursing home, or intermediate care facility receiving Medicaid funds for their care. Appellees, aged 21 through 64 and residing in public mental institutions that do not receive Medicaid funds for their care, brought a class action in Federal District Court challenging their exclusion from the reduced...
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
Decided on : Mar-03-1981
Diamond v. Diehr - 450 U.S. 175 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175 (1981) Diamond v. Diehr No. 79-1112 Argued October 14, 1980 Decided March 3, 1981 450 U.S. 175 CERTIORARI TO TIE UNITED STATES COURT OF CUSTOMS AND PATENT APPEALS Syllabus Respondents filed a patent application claiming invention for a process for molding raw, uncured synthetic rubber into cured precision products. While it was possible, by using well-known time, temperature, and cure relationships, to calculate by means of an established mathematical equation when to open the molding press and remove the cured product, according to respondents, the industry had not been able to measure precisely the temperature inside the press, thus making it difficult to make the necessary computations to determine the proper cure time. Respondents characterized their contribution to the art to reside in the process of constantly measuring the temperature inside the mold and feeding the temperature m...
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Decided on : Apr-20-1981
Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman - 451 U.S. 1 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 451 U.S. 1 (1981) Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman No. 79-1404 Argued December 8, 1980 Decided April 20, 1981 * 451 U.S. 1 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT Syllabus The Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act (Act) established a federal-state grant program whereby the Federal Government provides financial assistance to participating States to aid them in creating programs to care for and treat the developmentally disabled. The Act is voluntary, and the States are given the choice of complying with the conditions set forth in the Act or forgoing the benefits of federal funding. The "bill of rights" provision of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 6010(1) and(2), states that mentally retarded persons "have a right to appropriate treatment, services, and habilitation" in "the setting that is least ...
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Decided on : Mar-24-1981
Montana v. United States - 450 U.S. 544 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Montana v. United States, 450 U.S. 544 (1981) Montana v. United States No. 79-1128 Argued December 3, 1980 Decided March 24, 1981 450 U.S. 544 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT Syllabus By a tribal regulation, the Crow Tribe of Montana sought to prohibit hunting and fishing within its reservation by anyone who is not a member of the Tribe. Relying on its purported ownership of the bed of the Big Horn River, on treaties which created its reservation, and on its inherent power as a sovereign, the Tribe claimed authority to prohibit hunting and fishing by nonmembers of the Tribe even on lands within the reservation owned in fee simple by non-Indians. Montana, however, continued to assert its authority to regulate hunting and fishing by non-Indians within the reservation. The First Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1851, in which the signatory tribes acknowledged various designated la...
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Decided on : Jun-29-1981
Haig v. Agee - 453 U.S. 280 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Haig v. Agee, 453 U.S. 280 (1981) Haig v. Agee No. 883 Argued January 14, 1981 Decided June 29, 1981 453 U.S. 280 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT Syllabus Respondent, an American citizen and a former employee of the Central Intelligence Agency, announced a campaign "to expose CIA officers and agents and to take the measures necessary to drive them out of the countries where they are operating." He then engaged in activities abroad that have resulted in identifications of alleged undercover CIA agents and intelligence sources in foreign countries. Because of these activities the Secretary of State revoked respondent's passport, explaining that the revocation was based on a regulation authorizing revocation of a passport where the Secretary determines that an American citizen's activities abroad "are causing or are likely to cause serious damage to the national security...
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
Decided on : Mar-23-1981
Michael M. v. Superior Ct. - 450 U.S. 464 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Michael M. v. Superior Ct., 450 U.S. 464 (1981) Michael M. v. Superior Court No. 79-1344 Argued November 4, 1980 Decided March 23, 1981 450 U.S. 464 CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA Syllabus Petitioner, then a 17 1/2-year-old male, was charged with violating California's "statutory rape" law, which defines unlawful sexual intercourse as "an act of sexual intercourse accomplished with a female not the wife of the perpetrator, where the female is under the age of 18 years." Prior to trial, petitioner sought to set aside the information on both state and federal constitutional grounds, asserting that the statute unlawfully discriminated on the basis of gender since men alone were criminally liable thereunder. The trial court and the California Court of Appeal denied relief, and on review the California Supreme Court upheld the statute. Held: The judgment is affirmed. Pp. 450 U. S. 468 -476; 45...
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Decided on : Dec-14-1981
Polk County v. Dodson - 454 U.S. 312 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Polk County v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312 (1981) Polk County v. Dodson No. 80-824 Argued October 13, 1981 Decided December 14, 1981 454 U.S. 312 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT Syllabus Respondent brought suit in Federal District Court under 42 U.S.C. 1983 against petitioners Polk County, its Offender Advocate, its Board of Supervisors, and Martha Shepard, an attorney in the Offender Advocate's Office. As the factual basis for his lawsuit, respondent alleged that Shepard, who had been assigned to represent him in an appeal of a criminal conviction to the Iowa Supreme Court, failed to represent him adequately, since she had moved for permission to withdraw as counsel on the ground that respondent's claims were legally frivolous. The Iowa Supreme Court granted Shepard's motion and dismissed respondent's appeal. In the District Court, respondent alleged that Shepard's actions viol...
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Decided on : Jun-01-1981
Lassiter v. Department of Social Svcs. - 452 U.S. 18 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Lassiter v. Department of Social Svcs., 452 U.S. 18 (1981) Lassiter v. Department of Social Services No. 79-6423 Argued February 23, 1981 Decided June 1, 1981 452 U.S. 18 CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Syllabus In 1975, a North Carolina state court adjudicated petitioner's infant son to be a neglected child and transferred him to the custody of respondent Durham County Department of Social Services. A year later, petitioner was convicted of second-degree murder, and she began a sentence of 25 to 40 years of imprisonment. In 1978, respondent petitioned the court to terminate petitioner's parental rights. Petitioner was brought from prison to the hearing on the petition, and the court, after determining, sua sponte, that she had been given ample opportunity to obtain counsel and that her failure to do so was without just cause, did not postpone the proceedings. Petitioner did...
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Decided on : Jun-17-1981
American Textile Mfrs. Inst., Inc. v. Donovan - 452 U.S. 490 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court American Textile Mfrs. Inst., Inc. v. Donovan, 452 U.S. 490 (1981) American Textile Mfrs. Inst., Inc. v. Donovan No. 79-1429 Argued January 21, 1981 Decided June 17, 1981 * 452 U.S. 490 CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT Syllabus Section 6(b)(5) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Act) requires the Secretary of Labor (Secretary), in promulgating occupational safety and health standards dealing with toxic materials or harmful physical agents, to set the standard "which most adequately assures, to the extent feasible, on the basis of the best available evidence" that no employee will suffer material impairment of health. Section 3(8) of the Act defines the term "occupational safety and health standard" as meaning a standard which requires conditions, or the adoption or use of practices, means, methods, operations, or process...
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Decided on : Jul-02-1981
Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego - 453 U.S. 490 (1981) U.S. Supreme Court Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego, 453 U.S. 490 (1981) Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego No. 80-195 Argued February 25, 1981 Decided July 2, 1981 453 U.S. 490 APPEAL FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF CALIFORNIA Syllabus Appellee city of San Diego enacted an ordinance which imposes substantial prohibitions on the erection of outdoor advertising displays within the city. The stated purpose of the ordinance is "to eliminate hazards to pedestrians and motorists brought about by distracting sign displays" and "to preserve and improve the appearance of the City." The ordinance permits on-site commercial advertising (a sign advertising goods or services available on the property where the sign is located), but forbids other commercial advertising and noncommercial advertising using fixed-structure signs, unless permitted by 1 of the ordinance's 12 specified exceptions, such as temporary political campaig...
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