Court : Supreme Court of India
..... . opposite of that is a heterological word, i.e ..... an example of a heterological word is the word "long". ..... . the word is - is both autological and heterological ..... heterological words as indicated above are those which do not describe themselves or have the potential of developing into several forms or supporting multiple interpretations. ..... the word 'is'- is both autological and heterological. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
wisconsin v. illinois - 449 u.s. 48 (1980) u.s. supreme court wisconsin v. illinois, 449 u.s. 48 (1980) wisconsin v. illinois no. 1 orig. decree april 21, 1930 decree enlarged may 22, 1933 decree entered june 12, 1967 decree amended december 1, 1980 * 449 u.s. 48 on bill in equity decree amended. decree reported: 281 u. s. 281 u.s. 696; decree enlarged: 289 u. s. 289 u.s. 395; decree entered: 388 u. s. 388 u.s. 426. ordered: a. paragraph 3 of the decree entered by the court herein on june 12, 1967, is amended to read as follows: 3. for the purpose of determining whether the total amount of water diverted from lake michigan by the state of illinois and its municipalities, political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities is not in excess of the maximum amount permitted by this decree, the amounts of domestic pumpage from the lake by the state and its municipalities, political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities the sewage and sewage effluent derived from which reaches the illinois waterway, either above or below lockport, shall be added to the amount of direct diversion into the canal from the lake and storm runoff reaching the canal from the lake michigan watershed computed as provided in paragraph 2 of this decree. the annual accounting period shall consist of twelve months terminating on the last day of september. a period of forty (40) years, consisting of the current annual accounting period and the previous thirty-nine (39) such periods (all after the .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : Supreme Court of India
Reported in : 1996VIIIAD(SC)40; 1996(7)SCALE579; (1997)3SCC715; [1996]Supp7SCR465; 1997(1)LC13(SC)
1. this court by the order dated may 10, 1996 in i.a. 29 [w.p.(c)no. 4677/85] dealt with the question whether - to preserve environment and control pollution - mining operations should be stopped within the radius of 5 kms. from the tourist resorts of badkhal lake and surajkund in the state of haryana. the court gave five directions in the said order. direction 4 is in the following terms:we further direct that no construction of any type shall be permitted now onwards within 5 km radius of the badkhal lake and surajkund. all open areas shall be converted into green belts.the haryana pollution control board (the board) has notified the ambient air quality standards by the notification dated april 11, 1994. the notification fixes limiting standards of pollution in respect of sensitive areas, industrial areas and residential areas. the standards for sensitive areas are stringent than the standards prescribed for industrial and residential areas. the board has recommended that the area of 5 kms. around the periphery of a center of tourism be notified as 'sensitive area'. with a view to control pollution and save environment in the vicinity of badkhal and surajkund, the above quoted direction was issued.2. the municipal corporation faridabad, haryana urban development authority and builders having interest in the area have approached this court for modification/clarification of the above quoted direction. it is contended by learned counsel appearing for the parties that in the .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : Supreme Court of India
Reported in : (2001)9SCC181
kuldip singh and; s. saghir ahmad, jj.1. in this petition in public interest under article 32 of the constitution of india, various directions have been sought from this court pertaining to dahanu taluka, state of maharashtra, which has been declared by the central government as an ecologically-fragile area by the notification dated 20-6-1991.2. it is stated in the petition that dahanu is a rich area in agricultural economy and is a source of supply of fodder, grass, rice, cereals, milk, poultry and fish to the people living in the region. it is known as food bowl of the region producing 37 thousand tons of chikoos per month, 1825 tons of guava, and 21.9 lakhs of coconuts. the fish catch in the area is stated to be more than 3.7 lakh tons of crabs, pomfret and other fishes and 17 thousand tons of prawns. it is further stated that dahanu is the last surviving green zone between bombay and surat. 49% of its total area is under forest cover. 47 thousand hectares of the taluka is reserved and protected forest, harbouring a rich variety of wildlife including some of the endangered species such as leopards, spotted deer, barking deer and mouse deer, etc. the creeks and sea inlets at dahanu are the feeding grounds for various types of fishes. it is stated that the government has itself earmarked the dahanu region for prawn culture and fish-farming and for this reason it has already invested huge amount of money in a seed-farm at bada pokharah across the dahanu creek. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : Supreme Court of India
Reported in : AIR2000SC975; (2001)2GLR1091; JT2000(2)SC189; 2000(1)SCALE606; (2000)2SCC599; [2000]1SCR907; 2000(2)LC843(SC)
g.t. nanavati, j.1. in this special leave petition the judgment and order passed by the high court in special civil application no. 6707 of 1995 is challenged. the petitioner had filed the writ petition challenging the government notification dated 9-8-1995 and the resolution dated 27-7 1995 passed by the state legislature reducing the area of 'narayan sarovar chinkara sanctuary' from 765.79 sq. k.m. to 444.23 sq. k.m. the high court dismissed that petition.2. on 14-4 1981 the government of gujarat, in exercise of the powers conferred by section 18(1) of the wild life protection act, 1972, declared a part of the forest area in lakhphat taluka of kutch district as a 'wild life sanctuary.' the total area of the sanctuary was 765.79 sq. k.m. on 27-7-1993 it cancelled that notification and issued another whereby only a part of the said reserved forest was declared as the 'chinkara wild life sanctuary', the area so declared was 94.87 sq. k.m. the said two notifications were challenged by the petitioner by filing writ petitions in the gujarat high court. the high court quashed both those notifications. the result was that the earlier notification dated 14-4-1981 was revived. thereafter the state government made certain inquires and decided to delimit the area of that sanctuary as it was found to be more than required and the delimitation was likely to be helpful in systematically developing that area economically by making use of its mineral wealth. it then moved the state .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : Supreme Court of India
Reported in : AIR2001SC1560; JT2000(6)SC1; 1999(4)SCALE332; (2000)9SCC572
order1. river krishna originates in the state of maharashtra and flows down through the state of karnataka and state of andhra pradesh and meets the bay of bengal in andhra pradesh. it has got several tributaries and in the pre-independence era, there was not much dispute between the then states for sharing water of any inter-state river. even then, when large-scale projects were taken up in one state, the other riparian states were apprehensive of getting their share of water from the river and it is in this context, for sharing the water of tungabhadra, another river in krishna basin, there was an agreement in 1944, settling the dispute concerning the share of the water of the said river tungabhadra. after the constitution of india came into force, the krishna basin fell within the territories of the states of bombay, mysore, hyderabad and madras. the states went on planning for erection of big projects for proper utilization of the waters of krishna basin and in july, 1951, a memorandum of agreement had been drawn up for apportionment of the available supply of krishna river system among the four riparian states namely, states of bombay, hyderabad, madras and mysore. it appears that the said memorandum of agreement had been drawn up to remain valid for a period of 25 years and even at that point of time, the state of mysore refused to ratify the agreement. after implementation of the recommendations of the states reorganisation act, in the year 1956, the krishna basin came .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : Supreme Court of India
Reported in : AIR2000SC3751; (2001)1GLR434; 2000(7)SCALE34; (2000)10SCC664; [2000]Supp4SCR94
b.n. kirpal, j.1. narmada is the fifth largest river in india and largest west flowing river of the indian peninsula. its annual flow approximates to the combined flow of the rivers sutlej, beas and ravi. originating from the maikala ranges at amarkantak in madhya pradesh, it flows westwards over a length of about 1312 km. before draining into the gulf of cambay, 50 km. west of bharuch city. the first 1077 km. stretch is in madhya pradesh and the next 35 km. stretch of the river forms the boundary between the states of madhya pradesh and maharashtra. again, the next 39 km. forms the boundary between maharasthra and gujarat and the last stretch of 161 km. lies in gujarat.2. the basin area of this river is about 1 lac sq. km. the utilisation of this river basin, however, is hardly about 4%. most of the water of this peninsula river goes into the sea. inspite of the huge potential, there was hardly any development of the narmada water resources prior to independence.3. in 1946, the then government of central provinces and berar and the then government of bombay requested the central waterways, irrigation and navigation commission (cwinc) to take up investigations on the narmada river system for basin-wise development of the river with flood control, irrigation, power and extension of navigation as the objectives in view. the study commenced in 1947 and most of the sites were inspected by engineers and geologists who recommended detailed investigation for seven projects. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
south fla. water management dist. v. miccosukee tribe - 02-626 (2004) syllabus october term, 2003 south fla. water management dist. v.miccosukee tribe supreme court of the united states south florida water management district v. miccosukee tribe of indians et al. certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the eleventh circuit no. 02 626. argued january 14, 2004 decided march 23, 2004 congress established the central and south florida flood control project (project) to address drainage and flood control problems in reclaimed portions of the everglades. five project elements are at issue here. the first, the c 11 canal, collects ground water and rainwater from an area that includes urban, agricultural, and residential development. the second project element, pump station s 9, moves water from the canal to the third element, an undeveloped wetland, wca 3, which is a remnant of the original south florida everglades. petitioner, the project s day-to-day operator (hereinafter district), impounds the water there to keep if from flowing into the ocean and to preserve wetlands habitat. absent such human intervention, the water would flow back to the canal and flood the c 11 basin s populated areas. such flow is prevented by levees, including the l 33 and l 37 levees at issue here. the combined effect of l 33, l 37, c 11, and s 9 is artificially to separate the c 11 basin from wca 3, which would otherwise be a single wetland. the project has an environmental impact on .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
rapanos v. united states - 04-1034 (2006) syllabus october term, 2005 rapanos v. united states supreme court of the united states rapanos et ux., et al. v . united states certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the sixth circuit no. 04 1034. argued february 21, 2006 decided june 19, 2006 as relevant here, the clean water act (cwa or act) makes it unlawful to discharge dredged or fill material into navigable waters without a permit, 33 u. s. c. 1311(a), 1342(a), and defines navigable waters as the waters of the united states, including the territorial seas, 1362(7). the army corps of engineers (corps), which issues permits for the discharge of dredged or fill material into navigable waters, interprets the waters of the united states expansively to include not only traditional navigable waters, 33 cfr 328.3(a)(1), but also other defined waters, 328.3(a)(2), (3); [t]ributaries of such waters, 328.3(a)(5); and wetlands adjacent to such waters and tributaries, 328.3(a)(7). [a]djacent wetlands include those bordering, contiguous [to], or neighboring waters of the united states even when they are separated from [such] waters by man-made dikes and the like. 328.3(c). these cases involve four michigan wetlands lying near ditches or man-made drains that eventually empty into traditional navigable waters. in no. 04 1034, the united states brought civil enforcement proceedings against the rapanos petitioners, who had backfilled three of the areas without a permit. the .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : Supreme Court of India
Reported in : AIR2007SC1211; [2007(3)JCR77(SC)]; JT2006(10)SC284; 2006(12)SCALE367; 2007AIRSCW1269
h.k. sema, j1. the challenge in these appeals is to the orders dated 22.8.2003 and 27.2.2004 passed by the division bench of the high court affirming the order dated 30.10.2002 passed by the central administrative tribunal (cat) allowing the petition of the respondents. 2. briefly stated, the facts are as follows:the respondents were working as junior hydro- geologist, junior geophysicist chemists and hydro- meteorologists (scientists grade 'b'). their cases for consideration for promotion to the posts of scientists grade 'c' were declined on the ground that the departmental candidate should have put in at least 5 years as scientists grade 'b' in the scale of rs. 2200-4000 in accordance with rule 7 (2)(b) read with column 12 of central ground water board (scientific group 'a' posts) recruitment rules, 1995 (hereinafter 'the rules'). we will deal with the rules later at an appropriate time. 3. the grievance raised before the tribunal was that the deputationists with 8 years of experience in the scale of rs. 2000-3500 were allowed to be promoted as scientists grade 'c' in the scale of rs. 3000-4500 whereas in the case of the departmental candidates working in the scale of rs. 2200- 4000 it was made mandatory for putting in regular 5 years service in grade 'b' for promotion to grade 'c' and it is, therefore, discriminatory. it was also claimed that although the respondents have not completed 5 years of service in grade 'b' in the scale of rs. 2200-4000, they have already .....
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