Court : US Supreme Court
..... 43 , and it was there said by this court: "that a legislative presumption of one fact from evidence of another may not constitute a denial of due process of law or a denial of the equal protection of the law, it is only essential that there shall be some rational connection between the fact proved and the ultimate fact presumed, and that the inference of one fact from proof of another shall not ..... bill predicates the right to the relief sought upon the claim that the state statute deprives the appellant and others of property without due process of law, and denies to them the equal protection of the laws, and therefore is violative of the fourteenth amendment to the constitution of the united states. ..... 35 ; and so held that the new york mineral springs act is not rendered unconstitutional as denying equal protection of the law by the ruling of the court of appeals, read into the statute, that proof of certain designated facts amounts to prima facie proof establishing a reasonable presumption, but one that can be ..... of collecting the gas and vending it apart from the waters, but not against pumping for other purposes, the contention is made that it is arbitrary in its classification, and consequently denies the equal protection of the laws to those whom it affects. ..... assume the existence at the time the statute was enacted of any state of facts that can reasonably be conceived and which will support a classification in a state statute attacked as denying equal protection of the law. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... statutes that apply equally to all of the same class and under like conditions cannot be held to deny the equal protection of the laws, for, as this court has adjudged, "the equal protection of the laws is a pledge of the protection of equal laws" to ..... percent of the amount of loss or damage so suffered -- any stipulation in the contract of insurance to the contrary notwithstanding -- deprives the company of its property without due process of law and also denies to it the equal protection of the laws; thus, it is contended, violating the fourteenth amendment of the constitution of the united states. ..... to all insurance companies which unite with others in fixing rates to be charged by each constituent member of the combination does not deny equal protection of the law to the companies so uniting. ..... , or corporations engaged in the business of insurance, as agent or otherwise, with associations, persons, or corporations which acted together in fixing rates, are placed by the statute upon an equality in every respect, and therefore it cannot rightfully be contended that the plaintiff in error is denied the equal protection of the laws. ..... applies equally to all of the same class and under like conditions does not deny equal protection of the ..... the insured of twenty-five percent in excess of the amount of the policy are not unconstitutional under the fourteenth amendment as depriving such companies of their property without due process of law or denying them the equal protection of the laws. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... filed this bill in the district court of the united states for the district of arizona, asserting, among other things, that the act denied to him the equal protection of the laws, and hence was contrary to the fourteenth amendment of the constitution of the united states. ..... and equal protection clauses of the amendment), "are universal in their application to all persons within the territorial jurisdiction, without regard to any differences of race, of color, or of nationality, and the equal protection of the laws is a pledge of the protection of equal laws ..... the facts, which involve the constitutionality under the equal protection provision of the fourteenth amendment of the act of december 14, 1914, of the state of arizona relative to the employment of aliens in that ..... the ground of race or nationality, the prohibition of the denial to any person of the equal protection of the laws would be a barren form of words. ..... a state may not, in order to protect citizens of the united states, in their employment against noncitizens of the united states in that state, require that employers only employ a specified percentage of alien employes -- such a statute denies to alien inhabitants the equal protection of the law, and so held as to ..... regulate employment of aliens is void as conflicting with rights of aliens under treaties with their respective nations not determined in this case, as the statute is held unconstitutional under the equal protection provision of the fourteenth amendment. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... and obstruct trade, and the helplessness of shippers when cars are carelessly or arbitrarily withheld, railroad companies might properly be placed in a class by themselves for the purpose of securing sufficient car service, and that the equal protection of the law required no more than that all railway companies should be penalized alike. ..... the facts, which involve the constitutionality of the reciprocal demurrage law of kansas of 1905 under the equal protection provision of the fourteenth amendment, are stated in the opinion. mr. ..... the plaintiff [vosburg] recovered a judgment against the defendant for a violation of this statute, including an attorney fee, and the defendant appeals on the ground that the provision relating to attorney fees denies it the equal protection of the law guaranteed by the federal constitution. ..... of the carrier, the shipper may recover an attorney fee, but, in the case of delinquency on the part of the shipper, does not provide that the carrier may recover an attorney fee, denies the carrier the equal protection of the law guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment. ..... this, in our opinion, is a denial of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment. ..... but we cannot at all agree that a police regulation is not, like any other law, subject to the "equal protection" clause of the fourteenth amendment. ..... a police regulation is, the same as any other statute of the state, subject to the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... the status of employer and employee is voluntary, and in view of their different relations to the common undertaking, it is clearly within legislative discretion, and not a denial of equal protection, to leave the initiative to the former in adopting the new terms of employment, with the option to the latter of accepting them, too, after notice, or withdrawing from ..... question, and they have been sustained by well considered opinions of the state courts of last resort against attacks based upon all kinds of constitutional objections, including alleged denial of the equal protection of the laws, usually, however, from the standpoint of the employer. ..... the power of the state to permit employers to accept or reject the new plan of compensation, each for himself, as a part of the terms of employment, and, in doing this, there was no denial to employees of the equal protection of the laws within the meaning of the fourteenth amendment. ..... no ground for holding that there is a denial of the equal protection of the laws as between employer and employee. ..... presented, from the standpoint of an objecting employee, the question whether the texas employers' liability act is in conflict with the due process and equal protection provisions of the fourteenth amendment. ..... different employers engaged in the same kind of work, where one employer becomes a subscriber and another does not, furnishes no ground of constitutional attack upon the theory that there is a denial of the equal protection of the laws. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... disposition or use of their land, and makes it a criminal offense for them to lease it to the alien, and prohibits him from following the occupation of farmer; and they contend that it is repugnant to the equal protection clause in that aliens are divided into two classes -- those who may and those who may not become citizens, one class being permitted, while the other is forbidden, to own and as defined. ..... state legislation withholding the right to own land in the state from aliens who have not in good faith declared their intention to become citizens of the united states does not transgress the due process or equal protection clauses of the fourteenth amendment as applied to those alien who, under the naturalization laws of congress, are ineligible to citizenship, or as applied to citizens who desire to lease their land to such ..... suit to enjoin the attorney general of washington from enforcing the anti-alien land law of that state (chapter 50, laws 1921), on the grounds that it is in conflict with the due process and equal protection clauses of the fourteenth amendment, with the treaty between the united states and japan, and with certain provisions of the constitution of the state. ..... if, as claimed, the state act is repugnant to the due process and equal protection clauses of the fourteenth amendment, then its enforcement will deprive the owners of their right to lease their land to nakatsuka, and deprive him of his right to pursue the occupation of farmer, and the threat .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... from this showing in the record, coupled with the absence from the state constitution of an equal protection of the laws clause, we think it apparent that the claim of invalidity by reason of the statute's repugnance to the fourteenth amendment was presented to the court of appeals, and that, by its decision ..... opinion shows that, in upholding the statute against the contention that it denies the equal protection of the laws, the court of appeals practically rested its decision "on the authority" ..... be applied in determining whether a particular discrimination or classification offends against the equal protection clause is shown in the following excerpts from some of our decisions: ..... the main contention made under the equal protection clause is that the statute discriminates against the knights of the ku klux klan and other associations in that it excepts from its requirements several associations having oath-bound membership, such ..... by the reporter in his accompanying synopsis of the briefs that the brief on behalf of the relator embodied the specific claim that the statute was invalid because in conflict with the equal protection and other provisions of the fourteenth amendment. ..... of new york assailed as in conflict with the equal protection clause of that amendment was sustained. ..... state that the relator was asserting the "unconstitutionality" of the statute on the ground that it deprived him of his liberty without due process of law and denied him the equal protection of the laws, etc. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... it follows that the section fails to meet the requirement that a classification, to be consistent with the equal protection clause, must be based on a real and substantial difference having reasonable relation to the subject of the legislation. ..... the equal protection clause extends to foreign corporations within the jurisdiction of the state, and safeguards to them protection of laws applied equally to all in the same situation. ..... the claim is that it denies equal protection of the laws, and the contention is rested specifically upon the ground that the exaction "is not a tax peculiar to corporations. ..... as construed and applied by the state court in this case, the section violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. ..... plaintiff in error contended that, if applied to such receipts, the section violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. ..... the provision of the state enactment violates the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. id. ..... the equal protection clause does not detract from the right of the state justly to exert its taxing power or prevent it from adjusting its legislation to differences in situation or forbid classification in that connection, "but it does require that the ..... the equal protection clause does not detract from the right of the state justly to exert its taxing power or prevent it from adjusting its legislation to differences in situation or forbid classification in that connection, but it does require that the .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... submitted with its proposed bill of exceptions, it asserted as to each of the instructions numbered (2), (3), and (4) that the court erred in so charging, "because the effect of said charge was to deprive the defendant of the equal protection of the law, contrary to the constitution of the united states. ..... its property without due process of law and of the equal protection of the law as guaranteed to it" by 1 of ..... here amount to no more than that, as construed, the section operated to deny appellant equal protection because it required appellant to carry throughout the trial a burden not put upon motor carriers for hire or other litigants, and that the refusal of the trial court to give to the jury the requested instructions in respect of negligence on the part of the teamster deprived appellant of the equal protection of the laws. ..... and other railroad companies and the failure of the state to prescribe the same or a like rule in similar actions against carriers by motor for hire or other litigants does not violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. ..... judgment obtained by appellee upon the ground that 7051 of the compiled general laws 1927, as construed below, is repugnant to the due process and equal protection clauses of the fourteenth amendment. ..... a like rule is not applied against carriers by motor and other litigants does not render the statute unduly discriminatory against railroads in violation of the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. p. .....
Tag this Judgment!Court : US Supreme Court
..... a state tax on income resulting from activities outside of the state cannot be adjudged to violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment merely because it applies to individuals, but not to domestic corporations, though in competition with the individuals, in the absence of any showing of relevant local conditions and of how the provisions in question are ..... where the discrimination resulting from a statute creating exemptions from a tax is inconsistent with the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment, the constitutional rights of those not within the exception are infringed when they are taxed and the others are not assessed, and a refusal of the state court to decide ..... carter, 51 f.2d 345, to be a sufficient ground for upholding a statute of oklahoma, assailed as denying the equal protection of the laws, which had substantially the same features as the present statute. ..... justice van devanter dissents from so much of the opinion as concerns the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. ..... the equal protection clause does not require the state to maintain a rigid rule of equal taxation, to resort to close distinctions, or to maintain a precise scientific uniformity, and possible differences in tax burdens not shown to be substantial, or which are based on discrimination not shown to be arbitrary or capricious, do not fall within constitutional prohibitions. id. .....
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