Semantic Analysis by spaCy
Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar Vs. Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.
Decided On : Apr-12-1961
Court : Supreme Court of India
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Semantic Analysis', 'shops' => array( 'LAW' => array( (int) 0 => 'the Khoti Settlement Act' ), 'PERSON' => array( (int) 0 => 'Raghubar Dayal', (int) 1 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 2 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 3 => 'Raut', (int) 4 => 'Raut', (int) 5 => 'Gavade Sakaram', (int) 6 => 'Laxman Raut', (int) 7 => 'Tanu Daulat', (int) 8 => 'Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni', (int) 9 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 10 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 11 => 'Ram Raghu Sirsat', (int) 12 => 'Raut' ), 'ORG' => array( (int) 0 => 'the High Court', (int) 1 => 'Mouje Digvale', (int) 2 => 'khoti', (int) 3 => 'Court', (int) 4 => 'the Bombay Tenancy Act', (int) 5 => 'the High Court', (int) 6 => 'Court', (int) 7 => 'The Bombay Tenancy Act', (int) 8 => 'Court' ), 'GPE' => array( (int) 0 => 'Bombay', (int) 1 => 'Ratnagiri', (int) 2 => 'Sitabai', (int) 3 => 'Sitabai', (int) 4 => 'Kulkarni', (int) 5 => 'Bombay', (int) 6 => 'Sitabai' ), 'CARDINAL' => array( (int) 0 => '2.', (int) 1 => '3/5ths', (int) 2 => '2/5ths', (int) 3 => '1', (int) 4 => '1', (int) 5 => '2 to 4', (int) 6 => '1. 3', (int) 7 => '10', (int) 8 => '3', (int) 9 => '2', (int) 10 => '3', (int) 11 => '1', (int) 12 => '4.', (int) 13 => '1', (int) 14 => '5', (int) 15 => '1', (int) 16 => '6.', (int) 17 => '1', (int) 18 => '9', (int) 19 => '1', (int) 20 => '8', (int) 21 => '5', (int) 22 => '3', (int) 23 => 'two', (int) 24 => '1', (int) 25 => '9', (int) 26 => '10' ), 'DATE' => array( (int) 0 => 'February 10, 1945', (int) 1 => 'March 8, 1892', (int) 2 => 'December 14, 1903', (int) 3 => 'February 13, 1904', (int) 4 => '1880', (int) 5 => '1880', (int) 6 => '1892', (int) 7 => '1945', (int) 8 => 'March 8, 1892', (int) 9 => '1892', (int) 10 => '1945', (int) 11 => '1892', (int) 12 => '1939', (int) 13 => 'April 2, 1940', (int) 14 => 'April 1946', (int) 15 => 'February 10, 1945' ), 'WORK_OF_ART' => array( (int) 0 => 'Vishram Anna Shirsat' ), 'ORDINAL' => array( (int) 0 => 'second', (int) 1 => 'first' ) ), 'desc' => array( 'Judgement' => array( 'id' => '654227', 'acts' => 'Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 - Sections 31; ;Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 - Sections 3 and 9', 'appealno' => '', 'appellant' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar', 'authreffered' => '', 'casename' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar Vs. Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.', 'casenote' => 'Tenancy - occupancy right - Section 31 of Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 and Sections 3 and 9 of Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 - suit for declaration of title to property - title to property claimed on basis of sale deed executed in 1945 by privileged occupant transferring occupancy rights - respondents raising defence of another sale deed executed in 1892 regarding same property - both sale deed executed without obtaining consent of 'khot' - none of the sale deed challenged by 'khot' - in view of circumstances both sale deed adversely effected by Section 9 as it stood after amendment of 1939 - no title passed to plaintiff under sale deed as his transferor had no title - suit liable to be dismissed.<br> - INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1890 Section 34: [Dr. Arijit Pasayat & Mukundakam Sharma, JJ] Common intention Held, Section 34 has been enacted on the principle of joint liability in the commission of a criminal act. The Section is only a rule of evidence and does not create a substantive Under the provisions of Section 34 the essence of the liability is to be found in the existence of a common intention animating the accused leading to the commission of a criminal act in furtherance of such intention. As a result of the application of principles enunciated in Section 34, when an accused is convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34, in law it means that the accused is liable for the act which caused death of the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. The provision is intended to meet a case in which it may be difficult to distinguish between acts of individual members of a party who act in furtherance of the common intention of all or to prove exactly what part was taken by each of them.Sections 302 & 34: Murder-Common Intention- During assault, A-6 dealt an axe blow on the head of the deceased - As a result, the deceased sustained bleeding injury and fell down - When PW 3 and 10 tried to intervene A-5 dealt blow on the head of PW3 and A-4 dealt blow on the head of PW 10 causing bleeding injuries A-2 was pelting stones at the victims - A-3 kicked and fisted PW 8 and her mother - He was pushing them backwards and was preventing them from intervening in the quarrel - On the arrival of the neighbours, the accused ran away Held, Section 34 is applicable even if no injury has been caused by the particular accused himself. For applying Section 34 it is not necessary to show some overt act on the part of the accused. When an accused in convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34, in law it means that the accused is liable for the act which caused death of the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. - 6. The trial Court held the sale deed of 1892 to be good sale deed and binding on the plaintiff and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the Assistant Judge reversed the decree and decreed the suit holding that a transfer of the occupancy rights in the suit lands by Ram Raghu Sirsat in favour of Laxman Raut was void and that the plaintiff obtained good title under the sale deed in his favour in view of the amendment of s.', 'caseanalysis' => null, 'casesref' => '', 'citingcases' => '', 'counselplain' => '', 'counseldef' => '', 'court' => 'Supreme Court of India', 'court_type' => 'SC', 'decidedon' => '1961-04-12', 'deposition' => '', 'favorof' => null, 'findings' => null, 'judge' => ' J.R. Mudholkar,; K. Subba Rao and; Raghuber Dayal, JJ.', 'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Raghubar Dayal, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal, by special leave, is against the judgment and decree of the High Court of Bombay, dismissing the suit of the plaintiff-appellant. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiff sued for a declaration that the property in suit which is situate at Mouje Digvale, a village held by khots in the district of Ratnagiri, was owned by him, was under his management and that the defendants had no right or interest therein. He claimed title to the property on the basis of the sale of occupancy rights under the sale deed executed in his favour by Sitabai on February 10, 1945. Sitabai was the widow of Vishram Anna Shirsat, who succeeded Ram Raghu Shirsat, the occupancy tenant of the land in suit. Ram Raghu Shirsat sold the occupancy rights in the land in suit to Laxman Chandba Raut by a deed dated March 8, 1892. By a compromise in a civil suit between the heirs of Laxman Chandba Raut and Tanu Daulat Gavade Sakaram, the heir of Laxman Raut got 3/5ths share and Tanu Daulat got 2/5ths share in these occupancy rights. Dattatraya Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni, a paternal uncle of respondent no. 1, purchased the shares of these persons by the sale deeds dated December 14, 1903, and February 13, 1904. On Kulkarni's death, respondent no. 1 became the owner of the property. Respondents nos. 2 to 4 are the tenants of respondent no. 1. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The land in suit is khoti land as defined in clause (10) of s. 3 of the Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 (Bom. Act I of 1880), hereinafter called the Act. It is not disputed that Ram Raghu Shirsat was the occupancy tenant of the land in suit and that he could not transfer his tenancy right without the consent of the khot, which, according to clause (2) of s. 3, includes a mortgagee lawfully in possession of khotki and all co-sharers in a khotki. It is also admitted that the transferors of the afore-mentioned sale deeds of 1892 in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of respondent no. 1, or of the sale deed of 1945 in favour of the appellant, did not obtain the consent of the khot before executing the deed of transfer. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. The plaintiff alleged that the sale deed in favour of respondent no. 1 was void and that therefore he had title to the suit land on the basis of the sale deed in his favour. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. Respondent no. 1 contended that Ram Raghu Shirsat lost his rights in the property in suit after he had executed the sale deed on March 8, 1892, and that, therefore the plaintiff obtained no title on the basis of the sale deed in his favour. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. The trial Court held the sale deed of 1892 to be good sale deed and binding on the plaintiff and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the Assistant Judge reversed the decree and decreed the suit holding that a transfer of the occupancy rights in the suit lands by Ram Raghu Sirsat in favour of Laxman Raut was void and that the plaintiff obtained good title under the sale deed in his favour in view of the amendment of s. 9 of the Act by s. 31 of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 (Act XXIX of 1939), by which no consent of the khot was necessary for executing the sale deed in 1945. Respondent no. 1 preferred a second appeal to the High Court which set aside the decree of the Assistant Judge and restoring the decree of the trial Court, dismissed the suit. It held that the sale deed in favour of the plaintiff too would be hit by the provisions of s. 9 of the Act. It further held that the provisions of s. 9 indicate that there was no absolute prohibition against a transfer of the occupancy right. A transfer by an occupancy tenant without the consent of the khot cannot be held to be void for all purposes and it would be invalid only in so far as it would be contrary to the right of the khot and not otherwise. It therefore held the transfer in favour of the respondent no. 1's predecessor-in-interest in 1892 not to be void. It is the correctness of this order that is challenged in this appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. This appeal has no force. Section 31 of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939, made amendments to s. 9 of the Act and the section after amendment reads : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'The rights of khots and privileged occupants shall be heritable and transferable'. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. 'Privileged occupant' included a permanent tenant under clause (5) of s. 3 of the Act. The Bombay Tenancy Act received assent of the Governor of Bombay on April 2, 1940, but it came into force in April 1946 when the Government issued the necessary notification in exercise of the powers conferred under sub-s. (3) of s. 1 of that Act. It is clear therefore that s. 9, as it stood on February 10, 1945, when Sitabai executed the sale deed in favour of the appellant, made the rights of permanent tenants non-transferable without the consent of the khot, and that therefore the sale in favour of the appellant was as much hit adversely by the provisions of s. 9 of the Act as the sale of the land in suit in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of respondent no. 1. It is therefore not necessary to determine the question whether the sale was absolutely void or voidable as held by the Court below, as neither of the two sales has been challenged by the khot whose consent for the transfer was necessary. The plaintiff has no title whether a transfer by a permanent tenant without the consent of the khot be void or voidable. If such a transfer is void, the sale in favour of the appellant did not convey and title to him. If such a sale was merely voidable at the instance of the khot, the first sale in favour of the respondent no. 1's predecessor-in-interest was not avoided by the khot, and therefore validly conveyed title to him. Consequently no title passed to the plaintiff under the sale deed in his favour as his transferor had no title. In either case the plaintiff fails to prove his title to the land in suit. The dismissal of his suit is therefore correct. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. We accordingly dismiss this appeal with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Appeal dismissed. </p>', 'observations' => null, 'overruledby' => null, 'prhistory' => '', 'pubs' => 'AIR1961SC1564; [1962]1SCR905', 'ratiodecidendi' => '', 'respondent' => 'Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.', 'sub' => 'Tenancy', 'link' => null, 'circuit' => null ) ), 'args' => array( (int) 0 => '654227' ) ) $title_for_layout = 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar Vs. Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors. Semantic Analysis' $shops = array( 'LAW' => array( (int) 0 => 'the Khoti Settlement Act' ), 'PERSON' => array( (int) 0 => 'Raghubar Dayal', (int) 1 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 2 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 3 => 'Raut', (int) 4 => 'Raut', (int) 5 => 'Gavade Sakaram', (int) 6 => 'Laxman Raut', (int) 7 => 'Tanu Daulat', (int) 8 => 'Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni', (int) 9 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 10 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 11 => 'Ram Raghu Sirsat', (int) 12 => 'Raut' ), 'ORG' => array( (int) 0 => 'the High Court', (int) 1 => 'Mouje Digvale', (int) 2 => 'khoti', (int) 3 => 'Court', (int) 4 => 'the Bombay Tenancy Act', (int) 5 => 'the High Court', (int) 6 => 'Court', (int) 7 => 'The Bombay Tenancy Act', (int) 8 => 'Court' ), 'GPE' => array( (int) 0 => 'Bombay', (int) 1 => 'Ratnagiri', (int) 2 => 'Sitabai', (int) 3 => 'Sitabai', (int) 4 => 'Kulkarni', (int) 5 => 'Bombay', (int) 6 => 'Sitabai' ), 'CARDINAL' => array( (int) 0 => '2.', (int) 1 => '3/5ths', (int) 2 => '2/5ths', (int) 3 => '1', (int) 4 => '1', (int) 5 => '2 to 4', (int) 6 => '1. 3', (int) 7 => '10', (int) 8 => '3', (int) 9 => '2', (int) 10 => '3', (int) 11 => '1', (int) 12 => '4.', (int) 13 => '1', (int) 14 => '5', (int) 15 => '1', (int) 16 => '6.', (int) 17 => '1', (int) 18 => '9', (int) 19 => '1', (int) 20 => '8', (int) 21 => '5', (int) 22 => '3', (int) 23 => 'two', (int) 24 => '1', (int) 25 => '9', (int) 26 => '10' ), 'DATE' => array( (int) 0 => 'February 10, 1945', (int) 1 => 'March 8, 1892', (int) 2 => 'December 14, 1903', (int) 3 => 'February 13, 1904', (int) 4 => '1880', (int) 5 => '1880', (int) 6 => '1892', (int) 7 => '1945', (int) 8 => 'March 8, 1892', (int) 9 => '1892', (int) 10 => '1945', (int) 11 => '1892', (int) 12 => '1939', (int) 13 => 'April 2, 1940', (int) 14 => 'April 1946', (int) 15 => 'February 10, 1945' ), 'WORK_OF_ART' => array( (int) 0 => 'Vishram Anna Shirsat' ), 'ORDINAL' => array( (int) 0 => 'second', (int) 1 => 'first' ) ) $desc = array( 'Judgement' => array( 'id' => '654227', 'acts' => 'Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 - Sections 31; ;Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 - Sections 3 and 9', 'appealno' => '', 'appellant' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar', 'authreffered' => '', 'casename' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar Vs. Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.', 'casenote' => 'Tenancy - occupancy right - Section 31 of Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 and Sections 3 and 9 of Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 - suit for declaration of title to property - title to property claimed on basis of sale deed executed in 1945 by privileged occupant transferring occupancy rights - respondents raising defence of another sale deed executed in 1892 regarding same property - both sale deed executed without obtaining consent of 'khot' - none of the sale deed challenged by 'khot' - in view of circumstances both sale deed adversely effected by Section 9 as it stood after amendment of 1939 - no title passed to plaintiff under sale deed as his transferor had no title - suit liable to be dismissed.<br> - INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1890 Section 34: [Dr. Arijit Pasayat & Mukundakam Sharma, JJ] Common intention Held, Section 34 has been enacted on the principle of joint liability in the commission of a criminal act. The Section is only a rule of evidence and does not create a substantive Under the provisions of Section 34 the essence of the liability is to be found in the existence of a common intention animating the accused leading to the commission of a criminal act in furtherance of such intention. As a result of the application of principles enunciated in Section 34, when an accused is convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34, in law it means that the accused is liable for the act which caused death of the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. The provision is intended to meet a case in which it may be difficult to distinguish between acts of individual members of a party who act in furtherance of the common intention of all or to prove exactly what part was taken by each of them.Sections 302 & 34: Murder-Common Intention- During assault, A-6 dealt an axe blow on the head of the deceased - As a result, the deceased sustained bleeding injury and fell down - When PW 3 and 10 tried to intervene A-5 dealt blow on the head of PW3 and A-4 dealt blow on the head of PW 10 causing bleeding injuries A-2 was pelting stones at the victims - A-3 kicked and fisted PW 8 and her mother - He was pushing them backwards and was preventing them from intervening in the quarrel - On the arrival of the neighbours, the accused ran away Held, Section 34 is applicable even if no injury has been caused by the particular accused himself. For applying Section 34 it is not necessary to show some overt act on the part of the accused. When an accused in convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34, in law it means that the accused is liable for the act which caused death of the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. - 6. The trial Court held the sale deed of 1892 to be good sale deed and binding on the plaintiff and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the Assistant Judge reversed the decree and decreed the suit holding that a transfer of the occupancy rights in the suit lands by Ram Raghu Sirsat in favour of Laxman Raut was void and that the plaintiff obtained good title under the sale deed in his favour in view of the amendment of s.', 'caseanalysis' => null, 'casesref' => '', 'citingcases' => '', 'counselplain' => '', 'counseldef' => '', 'court' => 'Supreme Court of India', 'court_type' => 'SC', 'decidedon' => '1961-04-12', 'deposition' => '', 'favorof' => null, 'findings' => null, 'judge' => ' J.R. Mudholkar,; K. Subba Rao and; Raghuber Dayal, JJ.', 'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Raghubar Dayal, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal, by special leave, is against the judgment and decree of the High Court of Bombay, dismissing the suit of the plaintiff-appellant. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiff sued for a declaration that the property in suit which is situate at Mouje Digvale, a village held by khots in the district of Ratnagiri, was owned by him, was under his management and that the defendants had no right or interest therein. He claimed title to the property on the basis of the sale of occupancy rights under the sale deed executed in his favour by Sitabai on February 10, 1945. Sitabai was the widow of Vishram Anna Shirsat, who succeeded Ram Raghu Shirsat, the occupancy tenant of the land in suit. Ram Raghu Shirsat sold the occupancy rights in the land in suit to Laxman Chandba Raut by a deed dated March 8, 1892. By a compromise in a civil suit between the heirs of Laxman Chandba Raut and Tanu Daulat Gavade Sakaram, the heir of Laxman Raut got 3/5ths share and Tanu Daulat got 2/5ths share in these occupancy rights. Dattatraya Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni, a paternal uncle of respondent no. 1, purchased the shares of these persons by the sale deeds dated December 14, 1903, and February 13, 1904. On Kulkarni's death, respondent no. 1 became the owner of the property. Respondents nos. 2 to 4 are the tenants of respondent no. 1. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The land in suit is khoti land as defined in clause (10) of s. 3 of the Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 (Bom. Act I of 1880), hereinafter called the Act. It is not disputed that Ram Raghu Shirsat was the occupancy tenant of the land in suit and that he could not transfer his tenancy right without the consent of the khot, which, according to clause (2) of s. 3, includes a mortgagee lawfully in possession of khotki and all co-sharers in a khotki. It is also admitted that the transferors of the afore-mentioned sale deeds of 1892 in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of respondent no. 1, or of the sale deed of 1945 in favour of the appellant, did not obtain the consent of the khot before executing the deed of transfer. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. The plaintiff alleged that the sale deed in favour of respondent no. 1 was void and that therefore he had title to the suit land on the basis of the sale deed in his favour. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. Respondent no. 1 contended that Ram Raghu Shirsat lost his rights in the property in suit after he had executed the sale deed on March 8, 1892, and that, therefore the plaintiff obtained no title on the basis of the sale deed in his favour. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. The trial Court held the sale deed of 1892 to be good sale deed and binding on the plaintiff and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the Assistant Judge reversed the decree and decreed the suit holding that a transfer of the occupancy rights in the suit lands by Ram Raghu Sirsat in favour of Laxman Raut was void and that the plaintiff obtained good title under the sale deed in his favour in view of the amendment of s. 9 of the Act by s. 31 of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 (Act XXIX of 1939), by which no consent of the khot was necessary for executing the sale deed in 1945. Respondent no. 1 preferred a second appeal to the High Court which set aside the decree of the Assistant Judge and restoring the decree of the trial Court, dismissed the suit. It held that the sale deed in favour of the plaintiff too would be hit by the provisions of s. 9 of the Act. It further held that the provisions of s. 9 indicate that there was no absolute prohibition against a transfer of the occupancy right. A transfer by an occupancy tenant without the consent of the khot cannot be held to be void for all purposes and it would be invalid only in so far as it would be contrary to the right of the khot and not otherwise. It therefore held the transfer in favour of the respondent no. 1's predecessor-in-interest in 1892 not to be void. It is the correctness of this order that is challenged in this appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. This appeal has no force. Section 31 of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939, made amendments to s. 9 of the Act and the section after amendment reads : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'The rights of khots and privileged occupants shall be heritable and transferable'. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. 'Privileged occupant' included a permanent tenant under clause (5) of s. 3 of the Act. The Bombay Tenancy Act received assent of the Governor of Bombay on April 2, 1940, but it came into force in April 1946 when the Government issued the necessary notification in exercise of the powers conferred under sub-s. (3) of s. 1 of that Act. It is clear therefore that s. 9, as it stood on February 10, 1945, when Sitabai executed the sale deed in favour of the appellant, made the rights of permanent tenants non-transferable without the consent of the khot, and that therefore the sale in favour of the appellant was as much hit adversely by the provisions of s. 9 of the Act as the sale of the land in suit in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of respondent no. 1. It is therefore not necessary to determine the question whether the sale was absolutely void or voidable as held by the Court below, as neither of the two sales has been challenged by the khot whose consent for the transfer was necessary. The plaintiff has no title whether a transfer by a permanent tenant without the consent of the khot be void or voidable. If such a transfer is void, the sale in favour of the appellant did not convey and title to him. If such a sale was merely voidable at the instance of the khot, the first sale in favour of the respondent no. 1's predecessor-in-interest was not avoided by the khot, and therefore validly conveyed title to him. Consequently no title passed to the plaintiff under the sale deed in his favour as his transferor had no title. In either case the plaintiff fails to prove his title to the land in suit. The dismissal of his suit is therefore correct. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. We accordingly dismiss this appeal with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Appeal dismissed. </p>', 'observations' => null, 'overruledby' => null, 'prhistory' => '', 'pubs' => 'AIR1961SC1564; [1962]1SCR905', 'ratiodecidendi' => '', 'respondent' => 'Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.', 'sub' => 'Tenancy', 'link' => null, 'circuit' => null ) ) $args = array( (int) 0 => '654227' ) $pattern = '/\(((0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])[.](0[1-9]|1[012])[.](17|18|19|20)[0-9]{2}).*\)/'include - APP/View/Case/meta.ctp, line 36 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
Warning (2): Invalid argument supplied for foreach() [APP/View/Case/meta.ctp, line 39]Code Context//$shops = $shops['entities'];foreach ($shops2 as $key => $val) {$viewFile = '/home/legalcrystal/app/View/Case/meta.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'title_for_layout' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar Vs. Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors. Semantic Analysis', 'shops' => array( 'LAW' => array( (int) 0 => 'the Khoti Settlement Act' ), 'PERSON' => array( (int) 0 => 'Raghubar Dayal', (int) 1 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 2 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 3 => 'Raut', (int) 4 => 'Raut', (int) 5 => 'Gavade Sakaram', (int) 6 => 'Laxman Raut', (int) 7 => 'Tanu Daulat', (int) 8 => 'Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni', (int) 9 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 10 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 11 => 'Ram Raghu Sirsat', (int) 12 => 'Raut' ), 'ORG' => array( (int) 0 => 'the High Court', (int) 1 => 'Mouje Digvale', (int) 2 => 'khoti', (int) 3 => 'Court', (int) 4 => 'the Bombay Tenancy Act', (int) 5 => 'the High Court', (int) 6 => 'Court', (int) 7 => 'The Bombay Tenancy Act', (int) 8 => 'Court' ), 'GPE' => array( (int) 0 => 'Bombay', (int) 1 => 'Ratnagiri', (int) 2 => 'Sitabai', (int) 3 => 'Sitabai', (int) 4 => 'Kulkarni', (int) 5 => 'Bombay', (int) 6 => 'Sitabai' ), 'CARDINAL' => array( (int) 0 => '2.', (int) 1 => '3/5ths', (int) 2 => '2/5ths', (int) 3 => '1', (int) 4 => '1', (int) 5 => '2 to 4', (int) 6 => '1. 3', (int) 7 => '10', (int) 8 => '3', (int) 9 => '2', (int) 10 => '3', (int) 11 => '1', (int) 12 => '4.', (int) 13 => '1', (int) 14 => '5', (int) 15 => '1', (int) 16 => '6.', (int) 17 => '1', (int) 18 => '9', (int) 19 => '1', (int) 20 => '8', (int) 21 => '5', (int) 22 => '3', (int) 23 => 'two', (int) 24 => '1', (int) 25 => '9', (int) 26 => '10' ), 'DATE' => array( (int) 0 => 'February 10, 1945', (int) 1 => 'March 8, 1892', (int) 2 => 'December 14, 1903', (int) 3 => 'February 13, 1904', (int) 4 => '1880', (int) 5 => '1880', (int) 6 => '1892', (int) 7 => '1945', (int) 8 => 'March 8, 1892', (int) 9 => '1892', (int) 10 => '1945', (int) 11 => '1892', (int) 12 => '1939', (int) 13 => 'April 2, 1940', (int) 14 => 'April 1946', (int) 15 => 'February 10, 1945' ), 'WORK_OF_ART' => array( (int) 0 => 'Vishram Anna Shirsat' ), 'ORDINAL' => array( (int) 0 => 'second', (int) 1 => 'first' ) ), 'desc' => array( 'Judgement' => array( 'id' => '654227', 'acts' => 'Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 - Sections 31; ;Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 - Sections 3 and 9', 'appealno' => '', 'appellant' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar', 'authreffered' => '', 'casename' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar Vs. Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.', 'casenote' => 'Tenancy - occupancy right - Section 31 of Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 and Sections 3 and 9 of Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 - suit for declaration of title to property - title to property claimed on basis of sale deed executed in 1945 by privileged occupant transferring occupancy rights - respondents raising defence of another sale deed executed in 1892 regarding same property - both sale deed executed without obtaining consent of 'khot' - none of the sale deed challenged by 'khot' - in view of circumstances both sale deed adversely effected by Section 9 as it stood after amendment of 1939 - no title passed to plaintiff under sale deed as his transferor had no title - suit liable to be dismissed.<br> - INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1890 Section 34: [Dr. Arijit Pasayat & Mukundakam Sharma, JJ] Common intention Held, Section 34 has been enacted on the principle of joint liability in the commission of a criminal act. The Section is only a rule of evidence and does not create a substantive Under the provisions of Section 34 the essence of the liability is to be found in the existence of a common intention animating the accused leading to the commission of a criminal act in furtherance of such intention. As a result of the application of principles enunciated in Section 34, when an accused is convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34, in law it means that the accused is liable for the act which caused death of the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. The provision is intended to meet a case in which it may be difficult to distinguish between acts of individual members of a party who act in furtherance of the common intention of all or to prove exactly what part was taken by each of them.Sections 302 & 34: Murder-Common Intention- During assault, A-6 dealt an axe blow on the head of the deceased - As a result, the deceased sustained bleeding injury and fell down - When PW 3 and 10 tried to intervene A-5 dealt blow on the head of PW3 and A-4 dealt blow on the head of PW 10 causing bleeding injuries A-2 was pelting stones at the victims - A-3 kicked and fisted PW 8 and her mother - He was pushing them backwards and was preventing them from intervening in the quarrel - On the arrival of the neighbours, the accused ran away Held, Section 34 is applicable even if no injury has been caused by the particular accused himself. For applying Section 34 it is not necessary to show some overt act on the part of the accused. When an accused in convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34, in law it means that the accused is liable for the act which caused death of the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. - 6. The trial Court held the sale deed of 1892 to be good sale deed and binding on the plaintiff and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the Assistant Judge reversed the decree and decreed the suit holding that a transfer of the occupancy rights in the suit lands by Ram Raghu Sirsat in favour of Laxman Raut was void and that the plaintiff obtained good title under the sale deed in his favour in view of the amendment of s.', 'caseanalysis' => null, 'casesref' => '', 'citingcases' => '', 'counselplain' => '', 'counseldef' => '', 'court' => 'Supreme Court of India', 'court_type' => 'SC', 'decidedon' => '1961-04-12', 'deposition' => '', 'favorof' => null, 'findings' => null, 'judge' => ' J.R. Mudholkar,; K. Subba Rao and; Raghuber Dayal, JJ.', 'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Raghubar Dayal, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal, by special leave, is against the judgment and decree of the High Court of Bombay, dismissing the suit of the plaintiff-appellant. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiff sued for a declaration that the property in suit which is situate at Mouje Digvale, a village held by khots in the district of Ratnagiri, was owned by him, was under his management and that the defendants had no right or interest therein. He claimed title to the property on the basis of the sale of occupancy rights under the sale deed executed in his favour by Sitabai on February 10, 1945. Sitabai was the widow of Vishram Anna Shirsat, who succeeded Ram Raghu Shirsat, the occupancy tenant of the land in suit. Ram Raghu Shirsat sold the occupancy rights in the land in suit to Laxman Chandba Raut by a deed dated March 8, 1892. By a compromise in a civil suit between the heirs of Laxman Chandba Raut and Tanu Daulat Gavade Sakaram, the heir of Laxman Raut got 3/5ths share and Tanu Daulat got 2/5ths share in these occupancy rights. Dattatraya Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni, a paternal uncle of respondent no. 1, purchased the shares of these persons by the sale deeds dated December 14, 1903, and February 13, 1904. On Kulkarni's death, respondent no. 1 became the owner of the property. Respondents nos. 2 to 4 are the tenants of respondent no. 1. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The land in suit is khoti land as defined in clause (10) of s. 3 of the Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 (Bom. Act I of 1880), hereinafter called the Act. It is not disputed that Ram Raghu Shirsat was the occupancy tenant of the land in suit and that he could not transfer his tenancy right without the consent of the khot, which, according to clause (2) of s. 3, includes a mortgagee lawfully in possession of khotki and all co-sharers in a khotki. It is also admitted that the transferors of the afore-mentioned sale deeds of 1892 in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of respondent no. 1, or of the sale deed of 1945 in favour of the appellant, did not obtain the consent of the khot before executing the deed of transfer. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. The plaintiff alleged that the sale deed in favour of respondent no. 1 was void and that therefore he had title to the suit land on the basis of the sale deed in his favour. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. Respondent no. 1 contended that Ram Raghu Shirsat lost his rights in the property in suit after he had executed the sale deed on March 8, 1892, and that, therefore the plaintiff obtained no title on the basis of the sale deed in his favour. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. The trial Court held the sale deed of 1892 to be good sale deed and binding on the plaintiff and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the Assistant Judge reversed the decree and decreed the suit holding that a transfer of the occupancy rights in the suit lands by Ram Raghu Sirsat in favour of Laxman Raut was void and that the plaintiff obtained good title under the sale deed in his favour in view of the amendment of s. 9 of the Act by s. 31 of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 (Act XXIX of 1939), by which no consent of the khot was necessary for executing the sale deed in 1945. Respondent no. 1 preferred a second appeal to the High Court which set aside the decree of the Assistant Judge and restoring the decree of the trial Court, dismissed the suit. It held that the sale deed in favour of the plaintiff too would be hit by the provisions of s. 9 of the Act. It further held that the provisions of s. 9 indicate that there was no absolute prohibition against a transfer of the occupancy right. A transfer by an occupancy tenant without the consent of the khot cannot be held to be void for all purposes and it would be invalid only in so far as it would be contrary to the right of the khot and not otherwise. It therefore held the transfer in favour of the respondent no. 1's predecessor-in-interest in 1892 not to be void. It is the correctness of this order that is challenged in this appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. This appeal has no force. Section 31 of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939, made amendments to s. 9 of the Act and the section after amendment reads : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'The rights of khots and privileged occupants shall be heritable and transferable'. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. 'Privileged occupant' included a permanent tenant under clause (5) of s. 3 of the Act. The Bombay Tenancy Act received assent of the Governor of Bombay on April 2, 1940, but it came into force in April 1946 when the Government issued the necessary notification in exercise of the powers conferred under sub-s. (3) of s. 1 of that Act. It is clear therefore that s. 9, as it stood on February 10, 1945, when Sitabai executed the sale deed in favour of the appellant, made the rights of permanent tenants non-transferable without the consent of the khot, and that therefore the sale in favour of the appellant was as much hit adversely by the provisions of s. 9 of the Act as the sale of the land in suit in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of respondent no. 1. It is therefore not necessary to determine the question whether the sale was absolutely void or voidable as held by the Court below, as neither of the two sales has been challenged by the khot whose consent for the transfer was necessary. The plaintiff has no title whether a transfer by a permanent tenant without the consent of the khot be void or voidable. If such a transfer is void, the sale in favour of the appellant did not convey and title to him. If such a sale was merely voidable at the instance of the khot, the first sale in favour of the respondent no. 1's predecessor-in-interest was not avoided by the khot, and therefore validly conveyed title to him. Consequently no title passed to the plaintiff under the sale deed in his favour as his transferor had no title. In either case the plaintiff fails to prove his title to the land in suit. The dismissal of his suit is therefore correct. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. We accordingly dismiss this appeal with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Appeal dismissed. </p>', 'observations' => null, 'overruledby' => null, 'prhistory' => '', 'pubs' => 'AIR1961SC1564; [1962]1SCR905', 'ratiodecidendi' => '', 'respondent' => 'Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.', 'sub' => 'Tenancy', 'link' => null, 'circuit' => null ) ), 'args' => array( (int) 0 => '654227' ) ) $title_for_layout = 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar Vs. Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors. Semantic Analysis' $shops = array( 'LAW' => array( (int) 0 => 'the Khoti Settlement Act' ), 'PERSON' => array( (int) 0 => 'Raghubar Dayal', (int) 1 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 2 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 3 => 'Raut', (int) 4 => 'Raut', (int) 5 => 'Gavade Sakaram', (int) 6 => 'Laxman Raut', (int) 7 => 'Tanu Daulat', (int) 8 => 'Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni', (int) 9 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 10 => 'Ram Raghu Shirsat', (int) 11 => 'Ram Raghu Sirsat', (int) 12 => 'Raut' ), 'ORG' => array( (int) 0 => 'the High Court', (int) 1 => 'Mouje Digvale', (int) 2 => 'khoti', (int) 3 => 'Court', (int) 4 => 'the Bombay Tenancy Act', (int) 5 => 'the High Court', (int) 6 => 'Court', (int) 7 => 'The Bombay Tenancy Act', (int) 8 => 'Court' ), 'GPE' => array( (int) 0 => 'Bombay', (int) 1 => 'Ratnagiri', (int) 2 => 'Sitabai', (int) 3 => 'Sitabai', (int) 4 => 'Kulkarni', (int) 5 => 'Bombay', (int) 6 => 'Sitabai' ), 'CARDINAL' => array( (int) 0 => '2.', (int) 1 => '3/5ths', (int) 2 => '2/5ths', (int) 3 => '1', (int) 4 => '1', (int) 5 => '2 to 4', (int) 6 => '1. 3', (int) 7 => '10', (int) 8 => '3', (int) 9 => '2', (int) 10 => '3', (int) 11 => '1', (int) 12 => '4.', (int) 13 => '1', (int) 14 => '5', (int) 15 => '1', (int) 16 => '6.', (int) 17 => '1', (int) 18 => '9', (int) 19 => '1', (int) 20 => '8', (int) 21 => '5', (int) 22 => '3', (int) 23 => 'two', (int) 24 => '1', (int) 25 => '9', (int) 26 => '10' ), 'DATE' => array( (int) 0 => 'February 10, 1945', (int) 1 => 'March 8, 1892', (int) 2 => 'December 14, 1903', (int) 3 => 'February 13, 1904', (int) 4 => '1880', (int) 5 => '1880', (int) 6 => '1892', (int) 7 => '1945', (int) 8 => 'March 8, 1892', (int) 9 => '1892', (int) 10 => '1945', (int) 11 => '1892', (int) 12 => '1939', (int) 13 => 'April 2, 1940', (int) 14 => 'April 1946', (int) 15 => 'February 10, 1945' ), 'WORK_OF_ART' => array( (int) 0 => 'Vishram Anna Shirsat' ), 'ORDINAL' => array( (int) 0 => 'second', (int) 1 => 'first' ) ) $desc = array( 'Judgement' => array( 'id' => '654227', 'acts' => 'Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 - Sections 31; ;Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 - Sections 3 and 9', 'appealno' => '', 'appellant' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar', 'authreffered' => '', 'casename' => 'Daji Krishnaji Desai Tambulkar Vs. Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.', 'casenote' => 'Tenancy - occupancy right - Section 31 of Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 and Sections 3 and 9 of Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 - suit for declaration of title to property - title to property claimed on basis of sale deed executed in 1945 by privileged occupant transferring occupancy rights - respondents raising defence of another sale deed executed in 1892 regarding same property - both sale deed executed without obtaining consent of 'khot' - none of the sale deed challenged by 'khot' - in view of circumstances both sale deed adversely effected by Section 9 as it stood after amendment of 1939 - no title passed to plaintiff under sale deed as his transferor had no title - suit liable to be dismissed.<br> - INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1890 Section 34: [Dr. Arijit Pasayat & Mukundakam Sharma, JJ] Common intention Held, Section 34 has been enacted on the principle of joint liability in the commission of a criminal act. The Section is only a rule of evidence and does not create a substantive Under the provisions of Section 34 the essence of the liability is to be found in the existence of a common intention animating the accused leading to the commission of a criminal act in furtherance of such intention. As a result of the application of principles enunciated in Section 34, when an accused is convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34, in law it means that the accused is liable for the act which caused death of the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. The provision is intended to meet a case in which it may be difficult to distinguish between acts of individual members of a party who act in furtherance of the common intention of all or to prove exactly what part was taken by each of them.Sections 302 & 34: Murder-Common Intention- During assault, A-6 dealt an axe blow on the head of the deceased - As a result, the deceased sustained bleeding injury and fell down - When PW 3 and 10 tried to intervene A-5 dealt blow on the head of PW3 and A-4 dealt blow on the head of PW 10 causing bleeding injuries A-2 was pelting stones at the victims - A-3 kicked and fisted PW 8 and her mother - He was pushing them backwards and was preventing them from intervening in the quarrel - On the arrival of the neighbours, the accused ran away Held, Section 34 is applicable even if no injury has been caused by the particular accused himself. For applying Section 34 it is not necessary to show some overt act on the part of the accused. When an accused in convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34, in law it means that the accused is liable for the act which caused death of the deceased in the same manner as if it was done by him alone. - 6. The trial Court held the sale deed of 1892 to be good sale deed and binding on the plaintiff and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the Assistant Judge reversed the decree and decreed the suit holding that a transfer of the occupancy rights in the suit lands by Ram Raghu Sirsat in favour of Laxman Raut was void and that the plaintiff obtained good title under the sale deed in his favour in view of the amendment of s.', 'caseanalysis' => null, 'casesref' => '', 'citingcases' => '', 'counselplain' => '', 'counseldef' => '', 'court' => 'Supreme Court of India', 'court_type' => 'SC', 'decidedon' => '1961-04-12', 'deposition' => '', 'favorof' => null, 'findings' => null, 'judge' => ' J.R. Mudholkar,; K. Subba Rao and; Raghuber Dayal, JJ.', 'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Raghubar Dayal, J. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. This appeal, by special leave, is against the judgment and decree of the High Court of Bombay, dismissing the suit of the plaintiff-appellant. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiff sued for a declaration that the property in suit which is situate at Mouje Digvale, a village held by khots in the district of Ratnagiri, was owned by him, was under his management and that the defendants had no right or interest therein. He claimed title to the property on the basis of the sale of occupancy rights under the sale deed executed in his favour by Sitabai on February 10, 1945. Sitabai was the widow of Vishram Anna Shirsat, who succeeded Ram Raghu Shirsat, the occupancy tenant of the land in suit. Ram Raghu Shirsat sold the occupancy rights in the land in suit to Laxman Chandba Raut by a deed dated March 8, 1892. By a compromise in a civil suit between the heirs of Laxman Chandba Raut and Tanu Daulat Gavade Sakaram, the heir of Laxman Raut got 3/5ths share and Tanu Daulat got 2/5ths share in these occupancy rights. Dattatraya Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni, a paternal uncle of respondent no. 1, purchased the shares of these persons by the sale deeds dated December 14, 1903, and February 13, 1904. On Kulkarni's death, respondent no. 1 became the owner of the property. Respondents nos. 2 to 4 are the tenants of respondent no. 1. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The land in suit is khoti land as defined in clause (10) of s. 3 of the Khoti Settlement Act, 1880 (Bom. Act I of 1880), hereinafter called the Act. It is not disputed that Ram Raghu Shirsat was the occupancy tenant of the land in suit and that he could not transfer his tenancy right without the consent of the khot, which, according to clause (2) of s. 3, includes a mortgagee lawfully in possession of khotki and all co-sharers in a khotki. It is also admitted that the transferors of the afore-mentioned sale deeds of 1892 in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of respondent no. 1, or of the sale deed of 1945 in favour of the appellant, did not obtain the consent of the khot before executing the deed of transfer. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. The plaintiff alleged that the sale deed in favour of respondent no. 1 was void and that therefore he had title to the suit land on the basis of the sale deed in his favour. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. Respondent no. 1 contended that Ram Raghu Shirsat lost his rights in the property in suit after he had executed the sale deed on March 8, 1892, and that, therefore the plaintiff obtained no title on the basis of the sale deed in his favour. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. The trial Court held the sale deed of 1892 to be good sale deed and binding on the plaintiff and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the Assistant Judge reversed the decree and decreed the suit holding that a transfer of the occupancy rights in the suit lands by Ram Raghu Sirsat in favour of Laxman Raut was void and that the plaintiff obtained good title under the sale deed in his favour in view of the amendment of s. 9 of the Act by s. 31 of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939 (Act XXIX of 1939), by which no consent of the khot was necessary for executing the sale deed in 1945. Respondent no. 1 preferred a second appeal to the High Court which set aside the decree of the Assistant Judge and restoring the decree of the trial Court, dismissed the suit. It held that the sale deed in favour of the plaintiff too would be hit by the provisions of s. 9 of the Act. It further held that the provisions of s. 9 indicate that there was no absolute prohibition against a transfer of the occupancy right. A transfer by an occupancy tenant without the consent of the khot cannot be held to be void for all purposes and it would be invalid only in so far as it would be contrary to the right of the khot and not otherwise. It therefore held the transfer in favour of the respondent no. 1's predecessor-in-interest in 1892 not to be void. It is the correctness of this order that is challenged in this appeal. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. This appeal has no force. Section 31 of the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939, made amendments to s. 9 of the Act and the section after amendment reads : </p><p style="text-align: justify;">'The rights of khots and privileged occupants shall be heritable and transferable'. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">8. 'Privileged occupant' included a permanent tenant under clause (5) of s. 3 of the Act. The Bombay Tenancy Act received assent of the Governor of Bombay on April 2, 1940, but it came into force in April 1946 when the Government issued the necessary notification in exercise of the powers conferred under sub-s. (3) of s. 1 of that Act. It is clear therefore that s. 9, as it stood on February 10, 1945, when Sitabai executed the sale deed in favour of the appellant, made the rights of permanent tenants non-transferable without the consent of the khot, and that therefore the sale in favour of the appellant was as much hit adversely by the provisions of s. 9 of the Act as the sale of the land in suit in favour of the predecessor-in-interest of respondent no. 1. It is therefore not necessary to determine the question whether the sale was absolutely void or voidable as held by the Court below, as neither of the two sales has been challenged by the khot whose consent for the transfer was necessary. The plaintiff has no title whether a transfer by a permanent tenant without the consent of the khot be void or voidable. If such a transfer is void, the sale in favour of the appellant did not convey and title to him. If such a sale was merely voidable at the instance of the khot, the first sale in favour of the respondent no. 1's predecessor-in-interest was not avoided by the khot, and therefore validly conveyed title to him. Consequently no title passed to the plaintiff under the sale deed in his favour as his transferor had no title. In either case the plaintiff fails to prove his title to the land in suit. The dismissal of his suit is therefore correct. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">9. We accordingly dismiss this appeal with costs. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">10. Appeal dismissed. </p>', 'observations' => null, 'overruledby' => null, 'prhistory' => '', 'pubs' => 'AIR1961SC1564; [1962]1SCR905', 'ratiodecidendi' => '', 'respondent' => 'Ganesh Vishnu Kulkarni and ors.', 'sub' => 'Tenancy', 'link' => null, 'circuit' => null ) ) $args = array( (int) 0 => '654227' ) $pattern = '/\(((0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])[.](0[1-9]|1[012])[.](17|18|19|20)[0-9]{2}).*\)/' $shops2 = nullinclude - APP/View/Case/meta.ctp, line 39 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 963 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 109
LAW: the Khoti Settlement Act
PERSON: Raghubar Dayal, Ram Raghu Shirsat, Ram Raghu Shirsat, Raut, Raut, Gavade Sakaram, Laxman Raut, Tanu Daulat, Bhikaji Khot Kulkarni, Ram Raghu Shirsat, Ram Raghu Shirsat, Ram Raghu Sirsat, Raut
ORG: the High Court, Mouje Digvale, khoti, Court, the Bombay Tenancy Act, the High Court, Court, The Bombay Tenancy Act, Court
GPE: Bombay, Ratnagiri, Sitabai, Sitabai, Kulkarni, Bombay, Sitabai
CARDINAL: 2., 3/5ths, 2/5ths, 1, 1, 2 to 4, 1. 3, 10, 3, 2, 3, 1, 4., 1, 5, 1, 6., 1, 9, 1, 8, 5, 3, two, 1, 9, 10
DATE: February 10, 1945, March 8, 1892, December 14, 1903, February 13, 1904, 1880, 1880, 1892, 1945, March 8, 1892, 1892, 1945, 1892, 1939, April 2, 1940, April 1946, February 10, 1945
WORK_OF_ART: Vishram Anna Shirsat
ORDINAL: second, first