Abrams Vs. Johnson

Decided On : Jun-19-1997

Court : US Supreme Court

LAW: Constitution, the Voting Rights Act, Article I, § 2, the Voting Rights Act, Constitution, the Voting Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, the Illustrative Plan, the Voting Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, Constitution, the Voting Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, Section 2, the Voting Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, Section 5, the Voting Rights Act, Section 5, Section 5, section 5, Section 5, the Voting Rights Act, Article I, § 2, the Illustrative Plan's, the Federal Constitution, Constitution, the Voting Rights Act, Constitution, the Voting Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, Constitution, Constitution, Constitution

PERSON: Abrams v. Johnson - 521, JOHNSON ET AL, Miller, Johnson, Miller, Seamon, Miller, Johnson, al., Johnson, McDaniel, e. g., e. g., Chapman , Karcher, J., Waxman, Patrick, Bender, James A. Feldman, Steven H. Rosenbaum, Miriam R. Eisenstein, Laughlin McDonald, Abrams et al, Neil Bradley, Mary Wyckoff, Elaine R. Jones, Norman J. Chachkin, Jacqueline Berrien, Gerald R. Weber, Michael, Miller, al, Dennis R. Dunn, David F. Walbert, A. Lee Parks, Johnson, al, KENNEDY, Miller, Johnson, Miller, J. Gerald Hebert , Sharon L. Browne , Deborah, J. La Fetra, Miller, Johnson, Miller, Johnson, Miller, Seamon, Seamon, Miller, Johnson, Miller, Johnson, Appendix, Appendix, fig, Appendix, fig, Shaw, Johnson, Miller, Miller, Johnson, Shaw, Defendants Miller, Howard, Doc, Defendants Miller, Howard, Doc, Linda Meggers, Dougherty Counties, Miller, ACL U lA, Abrams A, Abrams A, Abrams C, John Lewis, Newt Gingrich, Appendix, fig, Seamon, Miller, max, Johnson, Miller, Miller, Johnson, O. T. 1994, Meggers, Meggers, Robert Hanner, Sonny Dixon, Thomas Murphy, Thomas B. Murphy, Meggers, Murphy, Miller, Selwyn Carter, Carter, ACL U lA, Miller, Abrams A, Growe, Bush, Miller, Johnson, Bush, Johnson, De Grandy, Bush, Joseph Katz, Allan Lichtman, Cynthia McKinney, Meggers, Sanford Bishop, McKinney, Johnson, McDaniel, Reno , Wesberry , Chapman , Karcher, Chapman, Karcher, ACL U lA, Abrams C, Abrams A, e. g., Kirkpatrick, W]e, Chapman, U. S. Dept, Karcher, Karcher, GINSBURG, Miller, Johnson, Johnson, Miller, Seamon, Appendix, Appendix, Miller, Johnson, O. T. 1994, Linda Meggers, Appendix, Miller, Linda Meggers, Linda Meggers, Linda Meggers, Appellants Miller et, Miller, Johnson, O. T. 1994, Johnson, Miller, Linda Meggers, Miller, Busbee, Smith, App, Karcher, Bush, J., Expressive Harms, Shaw, Mich. L. Rev. 483, Busbee, Gray v. , Morris, Fortson, Lodge, Carrollton Branch, Paige, Pitts , Busbee, Bailey, E. Foner, Jefferson Franklin Long, K. Estell ed, Sherman, Ante, Miller, Miller, Bush, J., Miller, Shaw, Bush, J., Jackson Bd, Ed, J., McDaniel, Ante, Miller, Shaw, Miller, Appendix, Johnson, Miller, McKeithen, Marshall, Ante, Miller, Appendix, Plan A. Appendix, Plan B. Appendix, Sanford Bishop, e. g., Shaw, J., J., Miller, J., J., Bush, J., J., Shaw, Hunt, J., App, Shaw, Hunt, Regester, Shaw, Miller, Bush, J., Jackson Bd, Ed, J. A. Croson Co., Miller, J., e. g., Bush, J., Miller, J., Growe, Voinovich , Chapman , Miller, J., Bush, J., Shaw, Miller, J.

GPE: U.S., THE UNITED STATES, Georgia, Georgia, the United States, Georgia, Georgia, United States, Pp, Thornburg, Pp, the United States, the United States, the District of Columbia, United States, Pp, Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, the United States, Georgia, Georgia, the United States, Georgia, Id., Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, The United States, Georgia, Georgia, the United States, the District of Columbia, Georgia, Atlanta, Savannah, Augusta, Savannah, DeKalb County, the United States, Georgia, Id., Cleland, Cleland, Columbus, Muscogee, Albany, Macon, Id., Georgia, Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Atlanta, Upham, Texas, Dallas County, Id., Upham, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Upham, Id., Id., Id., Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, DeKalb County, the Eleventh District, Atlanta, the Eleventh District, Bibb County-, Macon, Bibb County, Macon, Id., Thornburg, Georgia, Georgia, the United States', Georgia, the Eleventh District, Georgia, Id., Georgia, Id., United States, Id., Atlanta, Id., the United States, the District of Columbia, United States, the United States, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Atlanta, Cobb County, Clayton County, Id., Atlanta, Georgia, Georgia, Texas, Georgia, Georgia, States, the United States, Georgia, States, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Id., Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Tr, Tr, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Burke County, Carroll County, MD, Albany, Ga., ND Ga. 1975, Fulton County, MD, Putnam County, Wilkes County, United States, America, pp, Georgia, pp, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Atlanta JournalConstitution, Barresi, Thornburg, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Georgia, Atlanta, Savannah, Georgia, Calif. L., Georgia, Atlanta, Atlanta, Id., Atlanta, Georgia, Calif. L. Rev., Richmond

DATE: 1997, 1996, 95-1425, December 9, 1996-Decided, June 19, 1997, 1996, 1965, 1992, 1991, 1991, 1992, 1991, 1992, 1992, § 5, 1982, a decade, 1982, more than six years, Pp.98-10l, 1556, 1995, 1552 (1995, 1556, 1995, 1996, 1982, 1965, 1973c, 1990, August 1991, 42, 80 u. S. C. §, October 1, 1991, January 1992, 1994, November 4, 1992, 1994, 1993, 1995, 1375, 1366, August 14 to September 12,1995, Aug. 31, 1995, Sept. 5, 1995, September 13, 1995, 1553, 1554-1555, 1991, 1991, 1990, 1972, 1982, 1563, 1565, 1566, 1567, 38, 1561, 1991, 1991, Oct. 30, 1995, 1990, 1990, 1991, 6, 1991, 1992, 1991, 1567, Oct. 30, 1995, Oct. 26, 1995, 1991, 1563, 1991, Oct. 30, 1995, 1561, 16, 1991, 1992, 1986, 1993, 478 U. S., 1566, 1996, 515 U. S., 1567, 1008, 1994, 1388, 1390, 1392, 1390, 13901391, 1992, 1391, 1567, Oct. 30, 1995, 1996, 1391, 27, 1568, 1568, 1972, 1565, 1976, 1971, 1981, 1975, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1994, 1997, 1992, 1992, 1982, a decade, 1569, 1982, 1982, 1982, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1983, 1990, 1992, 1982, 1561, 1561, 1562, 1562, 1969, 1377, more than six years, 29 (1996, 1990, 1995, only two years, more than six years, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1995, 1992, 1556, 1560-1561, 1995, 43, 1982, 41, 1973, 79, 1965, 1991, 1990, 20-22, 32-33, 85, May 6, 1994, 1991, 1965, 1560, 1990, 86, 1991, 86-87, 1991, Apr. 18, 1994, Oct. 30, 1995, Oct. 30, 1995, 32, 1991, Apr. 18, 1994, Oct. 30, 1995, 32, 1991, 86, 1991, 1354, 1363, 1994, 1991, 39-40, 43, 75, Oct. 30, 1995, 79-80, 1982, 41, 1983, 1059, 1996, 1993, 1982, 1963, 1358, 1378, 1981, 1547, 1559, 1987, 1979, 1977, 35, 40, 1981, 1171, 1174, 1863-1877, 1988, 1965-1990, 1870-1989, 1990, 1972, 1994, Dec. 17, 1995, 1991, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1986, 1971, 90-91, 1990, 1986, 1561, 1992, 1566, Rev. 1201, 1216-1220, 1996, 64, 1982, 72, 1390, 57, 1567, 75, 1982, 1297, 1307, 1973, 1976, 75, 94, 97, 11, 95-98, 1991, 1991, 1995, 1564-1565, 1564, 1991, 1973, 1964, 1960, 1212-1216, Oct. 30, 1995, 1003, 1045, 1996, today, 1995, 1004, 476 U. S., 1989, 1035-1040, 1993, 1993, 1975, 552554, 1946, 1060-1062, 515 U. S., 80 subsequent years, today, 1991

ORG: Syllabus, the District Court's, Court, Legislature, Court, The District Court's, the Georgia Legislature's, Justice Department, Court, Court, Sanchez, Court, Syllabus, State, Holder, the District Court, State, Court, Court, REHNQUIST, STEVENS, GINSBURG, Acting Solicitor General Dellinger, Court, the Eleventh Congressional District, the Georgia Association of Black Elected Officials, the Pacific Legal Foundation, Legislature, the District Court, State, the District Court, The Justice Department, the District Court, the District Court, the Georgia Legislature-and, The Department of Justice, the Department of Justice, the American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU, the General Assembly's, the General Assembly, the ACL U's, M. Barone & G. Ujifusa, the Department of Justice, the Equal Protection Clause, District Court, State, the District Court, State, the General Assembly, the Department of Justice, The Justice Department, the Justice Department's, Government, the District Court, the Georgia Legislature, the General Assembly, The Georgia House of Representatives, Status Report, Senate, Status Report, the District Court, the District Court, State, Reapportionment Services, the Georgia General Assembly, Bibb Counties, ACLU, the Georgia Legislature, ACL, ACL, the United States, the Justice Department, The Justice Department, The District Court, the Justice Department's, The District Court, the Justice Department's, State, State, The District Court, The District Court, the District Court's, Upham, the District Court, the Texas Legislature, the District Court, White , Upham, Upham, the Georgia Legislature, the Justice Department's, the Justice Department's, State, the District Court, State, the District Court, Upham, State, State, Justice Department, State, State, Court, Miller Appellants, Reapportionment Services, the Georgia General Assembly, Department, the Justice Department, the Justice Department's, the House Reapportionment Committee, the House Reapportionment Committee, the Justice Department, the Georgia House of Representatives, the Justice Department, the District Court, the Justice Department's, Justice Department, Justice Department, State, The District Court, Court, ACL, Southern Regional Council, the Justice Department's, Illustrative Plan, State, the Justice Department, the District Court, the Justice Department, Court, Oral Arg, The Justice Department, Macon, the Justice Department, State, State, Emison, the District Court, State, the District Court, State, the Eleventh Congressional District, the District Court, the District Court's, the District Court, the District Court, the District Court's, Court, the Justice Department's, The Justice Department, the District Court's, The District Court, The District Court, the District Court's, The District Court, the District Court's, the District Court's, the Justice Department, Sanchez, the District Court, Sanchez, Senate Committee Report, State, State, The Justice Department, Upham, CFR, Holder, Bossier Parish School Board, State, the Justice Department's, the District Court, the District Court's, the District Court's, State, the District Court's, Sanders, Finch, the District Court, District Court, Court, the Lewis-Gingrich, the Justice Department's, ACLU, The District Court, Preisler, State, The District Court, State, the District Court, Court, Oral Arg, Commerce, Bureau of Census, Statistical Abstract, Karcher Court, The District Court, the District Court, Court, the United States House of Representatives, Legislature, the District Court, inter alia, the District Court, the District Court, the Georgia Legislature's, the District Court, the District Court, Court, Court, State, the District Court, the Georgia Legislature, the United States Department of Justice, Justice Department, the Justice Department, Court, the District Court, the Georgia Legislature's, The District Court, the District Court's, DOJ, Justice Department, the Justice Department, the Georgia Legislature's, the Justice Department, State, the District Court, Court, State, Pildes & Niemi, the Justice Department, the Justice Department's, the District Court, the District Court's, the District Court's, Legislature, Sanders, Buxton, NAACP, McDonald, Binford, C. Davidson & B. Grofman eds.1994, The Georgia Legislature, Congress, Congress, Reconstruction, State, B. Ragsdale & J. Treese, Congress, The Georgia Legislature, House of Representatives, House, Senate, Congress, Black America, Georgia Legislature, Upham, State, State, State, the District Court, Appendix, 1995, the Justice Department's, DOJ, the District Court, the District Court's, the District Court's, Karlan & Levinson, Butler, District Court, AfricanAmerican, the District Court, the District Court, S. Rep., the District Court's, the District Court, Court, the District Court's, the Georgia Legislature's, the Justice Department Plan C. Appendix, the District Court's, the District Court, State, Bibb and Muscogee, AfricanAmericans, Reynolds, Karlan & Levinson, the District Court's, Court, GINSBURG, Court, Reynolds, Court, GINSBURG, GINSBURG, Emison, Reynolds, Court, GINSBURG, Adarand Constructors, Inc., Court, the Civil War Amendments, GINSBURG, Court, Court, Upham, the District Court's, BREYER, J., J. 1995

ORDINAL: second, Fifth, Second, second, second, first, second, third, second, second, second, third, First, Second, third, Fourth, Fifth, fifth, first, Fifth, Fifth, second, second, First, Second, second, second, second, Fifth, first, Second, second, second, second, second, second, second, second, second, second, second, Second, Second, second, first, second, third, second, second, first, second, third, Fifth, First, Second, second, second, first, second, seventh, first, second, third, first, first, second, second, second, first, first, second, first, second, second, first, third

LOC: Eleventh District, the Southern District, the Southern District, the Eleventh District, the Eleventh District, the Eleventh District, the Second District, Second District, the Second District, the Eleventh District, Second District, The Eleventh District, the Eleventh District, the Second District, Eleventh District, the Eleventh District, South, the Second District, the Eleventh District's, Eleventh District, the Second District, Eleventh District, the Second District, the Second District, Fourth District, the Fourth District, Fifth District, the Fifth District, the Fifth District, the Second District

NORP: d., d., d., §, American, d., Democratic, Republican, §, d., Georgian, African American, §, d., d., d., Democratic, amici, d., African-American, African-American, d., d., African-Americans, African-American, Black Americans, African-American, African-American, African-American, African-American, African-American, African-American, Georgians, d., d., d., African-American, Democrats, Republicans, African-American, African-Americans, d.

CARDINAL: 915, three, one, 43, three, two, 95-1460, 75, two, three, two, 79-90, three, 50-51, 2, 2, 2, 90-95, 130, 141, 690, 691, 5, 130, 149, one, 76 , two, 883, 95-98, one, one, 26, 26, 740, 732, 922, 77 , 103, three, 915, 11, 78 , three, 922, 922, one, five, 5, one, one, two, four, 43, three, two, 10, 11, 5, 1, two, one, two, three, one, three, 2, One, three, 909, 356, three, 81, five, 630, one, 864, 910, 911, 916, two, 917, 864, three, 917, 864, 11, 82 , 922, 924, two, 11, 295, 300, 922, 12, 35, 28, One, two, four, One, two, three, nine, three, two, 84, two, two, two, 3, 922, four, 85 , one, 16, one, 5, one, one, two, 25, two, 43, 43, 86, 917, only 2, 27, 2, 11, nearly a third, 922, two, two, 94-631, 49, 87, 431, 431, 74-75, 81, 22, 4, 88 , one, one, one, 922, 16, 434, 24, 922, 9, 296, only two, three, nine, three, 922, 4, 12, 13, 90 , two, three, two, 2, 2, 91, 40, three, 50-51, 922, 962, 977, 921, 656, 2, three, 976, 922, 92 , 2, 977, 2, 864, 922, 438, 142, 864, three, two, 57, two, 18, 27, 2, 94, 922, 18, 2, 2, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 130, 141, 5, 690, 691, 130, 148, 96 , 149, 94, 19, two, two, 48, 2, one, 97, 28, 51.54(b)(1, 883, two, 478, one, two, 922, 20, 5, 1, 10, 1, 11, 98 , one, one, one, 7, 26, 414, one, one, 732, 26, 419, 740, two, one, one, 588,928, 922, 922, 6, 533, 26, 100 , 159, half, 864, one, 28-29, 328, 588,928, one, 28, 101, 732, 102, 2, 3, 103, 11, 1.7 million, about 6.5 million, 906, 3, 11, three, 928, one, 922, two, only one, two, two, 783, 794, 43, two, one, two, 41-42, three, one, two, 41, 10 to 11, 94-631, 9, 10-14, 11, one, two, two, three, three, 922, 84, 90, more than one, 16, 431, 106, 20, two, 431, 22, two, 87, 32, 431, 22, two, 94-631, 49, two, 864, 80, 21, 906, 94, 16, 549, 494, 500, 139-140, one, 41, 740, 92, 585, two, two, 106, 108, 368, 261, 538, 541, 639, 829, 604, 875, 437, 137, 158, 395, 514, 452, 461, 450, 423-424, 67-74, 140, 81, Forty-two, 180, 30, 12, 116, One hundred thirty-eight, 1, 137, Forty-three, 56, 1, four, two, 93, two, three, two, two, 90, 2, two, three, five, one, 110, 2, 994, 921, 630, 656, 994, 289, 41, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 50-51, two, 111 , 2, 922, 4, 0.10, two, 922, 15, 908, 2, 2, 112, 2, 84, 42, 902, two, 92, 54-61, 69, 864, 93-94, 25, 26, 922, 97, 29, 115, 485, 97, 29, 115, 2, 5, 2, 90-95, 1, 10, 1, 5, 2, two, 2, 5, two, 114, 2, 2, 2, 2, three, two, one, two, three, two, one, one, two, three, five, one, 922, three, two, three, four, at least one, six, two, two, three, two, 138, 159, 123, two, two, three, one, 755, 84, 5, 103, three, 676-679, 679, 929, 934, 918, 120, one, 200, 237, 646, 920, 280, 493, 944-945, 934, 33, 118, 146, 156, 26, 795, 586, one, 938, 237, 646, 920, 119, 938

PRODUCT: pp.79-101, App, District 11, Constitutional

TIME: 2 of the Act, 5 of the Act, many hours

PERCENT: 42 U. S. C. § 1973(b, 42 U. S. C. § 1973c, 42 U. S. C. §§ 1973, 42 U. S. C. § 1973c, 515 U. S., 456 U. S., 456 U. S., 515 U. S., approximately 50 percent, 42 U. S. C. § 1973(a, 42 U. S. C. § 1973(b, 42 U. S. C. § 1973(b, 22% to 38%, 20% to 23%, about 55%, 23%, 478 U. S., 33%, below 50%, 50%, 55%, 42 U. S. C. § 1973c, 10%, 9%, 0.35%, 0.11 %, 0.93%, 0.35%, 0.94%, 0.99%, 1.86%, 0.19%, 0.29%, 0.11%, 0.07%, 0.04%, 11.2%, about 27 percent, 456 U. S., 42 U. S. C. § 1973, 459 U. S., 456 U. S., fewer than 30 percent, 42 U. S. C. § 1973, 42 U. S. C. § 1973(b, 54.60 percent, 51.04 percent, 0 to 26 percent, 3 to 11 percent, 22 to 38 percent, 20 percent to 23 percent, 478 U. S., 478 U. S.

MONEY: 79 , 89 , 93 , 95 , 99 , 105 , 794-795, 107 , 109 ber, 113 , 115 , 116 , 120

WORK_OF_ART: Illustrative Plan, Abrams A, Bizarre Districts, Voting Rights: Evaluating Election-District Appearances

QUANTITY: hundreds of miles, 794-795, 794-795

FAC: Tenth District, 880, Quiet Revolution

EVENT: Unconstitutional Plan , District 11