Yatindra Singh, J.
1. The main question involved in these two writ petitions is, 'how a vacancy of more than ten months due to long leave on the post of the principal of a degree college should be filled up'. In this connection, we will also consider the scope of Sub-section (4) of Section 13 [Section 13 (4)] of the U.P. Higher Education Services Commission Act, 1980 (the Commission Act) and the Supreme Court decision in Kamlesh Kumar Sharma v. Yogesh Kumar Gupta and Ors., (1998) 1 UPLBEC 743 : AIR 1998 SC 1929, (the Sharma case) which arose from a Division Bench decision of our court in Dr. Yogesh Kumar Gupta v. State of U.P. and Ors., 1995 UPLBEC 1125.
THE FACTS
2. Two teachers of the Bareilly College, Bareilly (the Bareilly College) affiliated with the Rohilkhand University are contesting parties, Dr. Prakash Chandra Kamboj and Dr. Somesh Yadav, Dr. Kamboj was appointed as Lecturer in the department of Chemistry in the Bareilly College on 16.7.1965 and was promoted as Reader on 1.1.1986. Dr. Somesh Yadav was appointed as Lecturer in Botany Department in the Bareilly College on 4.9.1974 and was promoted as Reader on 4.9.1987. It is admitted that Dr. Kamboj is senior than Dr. Yadav.
3. An advertisement No. 23 was issued by the U.P. Higher Education Service Commission (the Commission) on 10th of March, 1997, for appointments of the Principals in certain Degree Colleges, posts of Principals of many colleges were advertised, but the post of the Principal of the Bareilly College was not one of them ; it was not vacant at that time. In pursuance of this advertisement Dr. Yadav applied for post of Principal however Dr. Kamboj did not. Interviews were held and the select list was prepared and published on 9.4.1997. Dr. Yadav was selected as on O.B.C. candidate.
4. There is reservation on the post of Principals in the Degree Colleges. It was challenged before this Court. There was interim order and no appointments could be made. Subsequently the writ petition was dismissed and the matter was taken to the Supreme Court, where it is still pending. Initially the Supreme Court had granted an interim order against the judgment of this Court, but it has been vacated and the appointments are being made.
5. Dr. Yadav had given R.B.S. College, Agra as his first choice. However, this college has been allotted to the general category and Dr. Yadav could not be appointed there. He was placed as the Principal of B.N.K.B. College, Akbarpur, Ambedkar Nagar (the B.N.K.B. College). He was informed about the same and later the Director of Higher Education (the Director) issued a letter on 24.4.2002, directing the Management of the B.N.K.B. College, to issue an appointment letter to Dr. Yadav. However, it is the case of Dr. Yadav that no appointment has yet been given to him by the B.N.K.B. College. In the meantime, a new development has taken place, resulting present writ petitions.
6. There was neither any vacancy in the Bareilly College, nor was it likely to arise in the near future. The permanent principal has a few years to superannuate. However, the permanent principal of the Bareilly College was appointed as a Member of the Commission for three years. He has taken three years long leave on 2nd of September, 2002 and the post of the principal of the Bareilly College became vacant. Dr. Yadav was made officiating principal of the Bareilly College by the Management the same day. Dr. Kamboj made a representation to the Management of the Bareilly College and to the Vice-Chancellor of the Rohilkhand University to which the Bareilly College is affiliated, stating that :
. Dr. Yadav is a junior teacher in the Bareilly College.
. He cannot be appointed as an officiating principal.
. The officiating principal should be made in accordance with Statute 11.20 of the Rohilkhand University.
When no action was taken on representation of Dr. Kamboj, he filed Writ Petition No. 42414 of 2002 agitating his grievances.
7. It appears that the State Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas and Parliamentary Affairs in the Union Government sent a letter in favour of Dr. Yadav on 26th September, 2002. On this letter, the Minister of Higher Education U.P. endorsed a recommendation in favour of Dr. Yadav that he might be appointed as the Principal of the Bareilly College for the period of three years on the undertaking that Dr. Yadav would leave it in case the permanent principal came back.
8. Dr. Yadav submitted a representation before the Director on 28th September. 2002 along with recommendation in his favour. During pendency of this representation the Vice-Chancellor of the Rohilkhand University passed an order on 23rd of October, 2002 stating that Dr. Yadav will continue on the post of the principal of the Bareilly College in the leave vacancy till 2.12.2002 ; thereafter, charge of principal of the college be handed over to the senior most teacher of the Bareilly College under Statute 11.20 of the Rohilkhand University.
9. Dr. Yadav filed a Writ Petition No. 48252 of 2002 against the order of the Vice-Chancellor dated 23rd of October, 2002. In this writ petition a counter-affidavit was called for and it was directed that Dr. Yadav may continue as Principal of the Bareilly College till his representation dated 28.9.2002 (pending before the Director) is decided. The Director dismissed the representation on 6.2.2003. Dr. Yadav has filed a Writ Petition No. 7864 of 2003 against this order. Subsequently the Writ Petition No. 48252 of 2002 was dismissed as infructuous on 25th of February, 2003.
POINTS FOR DETERMINATION
10. We have heard counsels for the parties. 1 (Sri T.P. Singh, Senior Advocate assisted by Sri Anupam Kumar appeared for Dr. Yadav. Sri R.N. Singh. Senior Advocate assisted by Sri G.K. Singh appeared for Dr. Kamboj. Sri Govind Saran and Ms. Subhash Rathi, standing counsel appeared for the Rohilkhand University and for the State Officials respectively.) Following points arise for determination in this case :
(i) Whether appointment under the Commission Act can be made on permanent (substantive) vacancy only or also on temporary vacancy?
(ii) Whether Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act applies in respect of regular vacancy (i.e., arising out of retirement that are known in advance) or also on non-regular (unforeseen) vacancy?
(iii) Whether publication of every vacancy is necessary before making appointment under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act?
POINT NO. 1 : TEMPORARYVACANCY--THE COMMISSIONACT APPLIED
11. All of us are concerned with higher education so is the State. In our State different universities were established by State Acts. These Universities are State Universities. Many private and Government colleges are also affiliated to different State Universities. Some Universities in our State are not State Universities but are Central Universities and are governed by the Central Acts. Now some deemed Universities have also come up with approval from the University Grant Commission (U.G.C.).
12. U.P. State Universities Act, 1973 (the State University Act) has been enacted to tone up academic and financial aspect of higher education and different State Universities and colleges affiliated to them have come to be governed by the State University Act. Rohilkhand University is a State University and the Bareilly College is affiliated to it. They are governed by the State University Act.
13. The appointments in the degree colleges were previously governed by the State Universities Act, and the statutes thereunder. Experience of their appointments was not happy and in order to overcome it, the Commission Act was enacted establishing the Commission for selection of teachers in the degree colleges affiliated to or recognised by the State Universities.
14. The word 'teacher' is not defined under the Commission Act. Section 2 (g) of the Commission Act (see Appendix-1) provides that the words used and not defined in this Act will have the same meaning as assigned to them under the State University Act. The word 'teacher' has been defined in Section 2 (18) (see Appendix-2) of the State University Act. It provides that teacher includes Principal.
15. Section 12 of the Commission Act (see Appendix-1) provides the procedure for appointment of teachers. It states that management of the college will appoint teachers in accordance with provision of the Act and any appointment in contravention of the Commission Act shall be void.
16. The Commission recommends the names of selected candidates [Section 13 of the Commission Act (see Appendix-1). They are 25% more than the vacancies. These recommendations are in order of merit and the appointments are to be made in accordance with the same according to merit and preference of colleges given by the selected candidates. The list of recommended candidate sent by the Commission is valid till the receipt of new list from the Commission (Section 13 (2) of the Commission Act).
17. Vacancy can occur in two ways. One is a regular vacancy. It occurs on the superannuation of a teacher and is known in advance. Second is non-regular (unforeseen) vacancy. This may happen due to death or resignation or by any event that is not known in advance.
18. A non-regular vacancy can further be classified into two categories. One is permanent (substantive) vacancy. This may arise due to termination or resignation or final termination of service of a teacher. Second, it could be temporary vacancy. This may be due to suspension or leave, as is the case here. Temporary vacancy could be for a period of less than 10 months (short leave vacancy) or for period more than 10 months (long leave vacancy).
19. The Commission Act overrides the State University Act (Section 30 of the Commission Act). Earlier all appointments were dealt under the State Universities Act. It is not disputed that now substantive appointments over permanent vacancies in the degree colleges can be made only under the Commission Act.
20. Section 31A of the Commission Act permitted the State Government to issue orders for removal of difficulties. The State Government had issued two successive orders in 1982 and 1983 (the 1982 order or the 1983 order). They were limited for one year only. They permitted making ad hoc appointments on certain contingencies. These orders are no longer operative. Section 16 of the Commission Act also permitted making an ad hoc appointment on certain contingencies. This was misused and was deleted by U.P. Act No. 2 of 1992. Now there is neither any provision for making ad hoc appointments nor ad hoc appointments can be made under the Commission Act.
21. The word appointment is defined under the Commission Act. Section 2 (a) of the Commission Act (see Appendix-1) provides that appointment does not include an appointment under Sub-section (3) of Section 31 [Section 31 (3)] of the State University Act. Section 31 of the State University Act deals with appointments of the teachers. Clause (a) of Section 31 (3) of the State University Act (see Appendix-2) deals with officiating appointments. Other clauses of Section 31 (3) deal with regularisation of services of a teacher. We are not concerned with them here. Section 31 (3) (a) of the State University Act provides for officiating appointment in a vacancy caused by grant of leave to an incumbent for a period not exceeding ten months. This shows that officiating appointment for period less than 10 months are to be made under Section 31 (3) (a) of the State University Act and not under the Commission Act. The question is how a vacancy, due to leave for more than 10 months (long leave vacancy), should be filled?
22. The counsel for Dr. Kamboj submitted that long leave vacancy could be filled up under Section 31 (3) (a) of the University Act and appointments would be continued to be made under that provision in view of Section 2 (a) of the Commission Act. This is not correct.
23. Section 31 (3) (a) of the State University Act only provides that appointment on the leave vacancy for less than 10 months can be made by Management in consultation with an expert nominated by the Vice-Chancellor without reference to the Selection Committee. It does not provide for making appointments on vacancy by grant of leave for a period of more than 10 months. The procedure for appointment under the State University Act--on a vacancy for grant of leave for more than 10 months--was the same as the procedure for appointment in the case of regular appointment, i.e., by reference to the Selection Committee as provided under other sub-sections of Section 31 of the State Universities Act. These appointments are now dealt under the Commission Act. So appointment on a long leave vacancy (of more than 10 months) is to be dealt under the Commission Act and not under the State University Act.
24. This is also fortified by the removal of difficulties orders issued in 1982 and 1983. Paragraph 2 of the 1982 order (see Appendix-3) provided for making ad hoc appointments on the following vacancies :
(i) creation of a new post ;
(ii) suspension, removal or dismissal of a teacher ;
(iii) resignation or death of a teacher ;
(iv) a teacher going on leave for a period of more than ten months ;
(v) a teacher proceeding on 'teachers fellowship' under any scheme of University Grants Commission or any other body.
Paragraph 2 of the 1983 order was similar but it contained one more category namely vacancy arising out of retirement.
25. The abovementioned paragraph 2 shows that under the Removal of Difficulties Orders, the State Government provided for appointments on temporary vacancies too. It is true that these orders are not in force today but the relevant point is that in case these appointments were covered by Section 31 (3) (a) of the Act, then there was no necessity to provide ad hoc appointments on such vacancies under the Removal of Difficulties Order.
26. Section 13 of the Commission Act as originally enacted (see Appendix-1) did not contain any provision similar to Section 13 (4) providing for appointment on a vacancy due to death or resignation or otherwise. It appears that it was due to this reason that Removal of Difficulties Order permitted ad hoc appointment in such situations. The Removal of Difficulties Order permitted ad hoc appointments on non-regular (unforeseen) vacancies of permanent nature as well as temporary nature. Clause (iii) of the Removal of Difficulties Order contemplated vacancies on resignation or death. Other clauses contemplate vacancies in other situations that could be permanent or temporary. Section 13 as it stood was substituted with the new Section 13 (see Appendix-1). In the substituted Section 13, the Legislature for the first time enacted Section 13 (4) and included the words 'death, resignation or otherwise'. Death and resignation were there in Clause (iii) of the Removal of Difficulties Order. To our mind, the other contingencies mentioned in the 1982 Order are sought to be covered in the word 'otherwise' used in Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act. This also supports the view that the appointments on long leave (for more than 10 months) are to be made under the Commission Act and the procedure for appointment applicable to permanent vacancies is applicable to them. The vacancies arising out of leave for more than 10 months are also required to be intimated and filled up under the Commission Act.
27. Counsel of Dr. Yadav brought to our notice following observations of a Full Bench decision of our Court in Ajai Kurnar v. Director, 1997 (1) UPLBEC 337, (the Ajai Kumar case) and submitted that the Commission Act deals with appointments over permanent vacancies only and not with temporary vacancies whether they arise due to long leave or short leave. The counsel emphasised the following observations of the Court :
'The Commission selects candidates for their appointment in permanent vacancies. The Commission thereafter sends the list containing the names of the selected candidates for their appointment in permanent vacancies ......... The whole exercise under Section 13 by various functionaries mentioned therein is related to the selection and the appointment in permanent/substantive vacancies.
..... If the words 'or otherwise' are construed ejusdem generis they have to be confined to the same type of vacancies as those specified. The vacancies which occur due to death or resignation are the vacancies of permanent nature. Therefore, these words have to be construed so as to mean permanent vacancies only. .........The scope and purpose of the Act is the appointment of the teachers in permanent vacancies in Degree Colleges on the recommendation of the Commission. ......Therefore, the Director under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act can intimate the name of the selected candidate from the list for this appointment in permanent vacancy only.'
28. In the Ajay Kumar case the Court was concerned with the question whether the Commission or the Director had power to transfer a teacher from one degree college to another. The full bench came to the conclusion that management of different degree colleges are different. The employers of teachers in the degree colleges are different and a teacher under one employer cannot be transferred to different employer. The Court further held that there was no power to transfer a teacher from one college to another. The question, 'whether any appointment over a long leave vacancy can be made under the Commission Act' was not involved. The observations of the full bench are merely obiter and obiter of a High Court decision though persuasive is not binding. (Kindly see Indian. Ceramic House. Agra v. Sales Tax Officer, AIR 1971 All 251 (FB); Pragatisheel Samoohik Sahkari Krishi Samiti v. State of U.P. and Ors., 1998 (1) AWC 666 : 1998 (2) UPLBEC 886 (Para 12) and Hardwari Lal v. Divisional Engineer, Telegraph, Allahabad Division, Allahabad, 1972 ALJ 145.)
29. The Supreme Court in the case of Kamtesh Kumar Sharma v. Yogesh Kumar Gupta, AIR 1998 SC 1929, was concerned with the interpretation of Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act. The Court while interpreting this section held that :
'The word 'otherwise' has to be read ejusdem generis, that is to say in group similar to death, resignation, long leave vacancy, invalidation, person not joining after being duly selected.'
(Italicised by ours)
30. The Supreme Court has held that long leave vacancy is included in Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act. In our opinion, the Commission Act not only deals with permanent vacancy but also temporary vacancy caused by long leave (leave of more than 10 months). An appointment over such vacancy is to be made under the Commission Act and not under Section 31 (3) (a) of the State Universities Act.
POINT 2 : SECTION 13 (4)--NON-REGULAR VACANCY ONLY
31. The Supreme Court in the case of Kamlesh Kumar Sharma (supra) held that the word 'otherwise' in Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act should take colour from the preceding two words namely death and resignation and it contemplates only non-regular (unforeseen) vacancies. The Court held that :
'While vacancies under Section 13 (4) are unforeseen vacancies which fall under the group, death and/or resignation. Hence, the word 'otherwise' cannot be given the wide and liberal interpretation which would exclude large number of expected applicants who could be waiting to apply for the vacancies occurring in the succeeding year in question.'
32. Thus, appointments under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act cannot be made on vacancy that is a regular vacancy or is known in advance for example which arises due to retirement of a person. Every regular vacancy has to be communicated to the Commission, advertised and only then selection can be made. It cannot be done otherwise. Is advertisement a necessary condition before making appointment on non-regular vacancy under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act.
POINT NO. 3 : EVERY VACANCY IS TO BE ADVERTISED
33. There are separate statutes and ordinances for different State Universities. However, some rules and statutes are uniformly applicable to all State Universities. U.P. State Universities First Statutes (Age of Superannuation, Scales of Pay and Qualification of Teachers), 1975 (the 1975 Statutes) is one of them. Clause 3 of the 1975 Statutes (see Appendix-4) deals with age of superannuation of teachers. Its effect is that, subject to statutes 4 to 7 of the 1975 statutes, the age of superannuation of teachers (whether governed by new pay scale or not) is sixty years.
34. An academic year starts from 1st July to 30th June of the following year. Statute No. 3 of the 1975 Statutes prescribes that in case superannuation (i.e., completion of 60 years) does not fall on 30th June, then the teacher retiring on the date of completion of sixty years will continue till the end of academic session, i.e., till the following 30th June and during this period he is treated to be re-employed from the date of his superannuation till 30th June. In case he was permanent principal of the college then he would be re-employed as the principal. ( Kindly see Udai Narain Pandey v. Director of Education, 1999 (1) AWC 897 : 1999 (3) UPLBEC 188.) In case he was senior most teacher officiating as a principal then he would not continue as principal but become a junior, as he is re-employed, and the senior most teacher would officiate as the principal. (Kindly see Paras Nath Pandey v. D.I.O.S., 1995(1) AWC 603 : 1995 (2) ESC 296.)
35. The management is to intimate the existing vacancies and vacancies likely to be caused during the course of ensuing (following) academic year to the Director under Section 12 of the Act. The procedure of intimating vacancies has been provided under Rule 7 of the U.P. Higher Education Commission Rules, 1981 (the Rules) (see Appendix-5) read with Regulation 4 of the U.P. Higher Education Service Commission (Procedure for Selection of Teachers) Regulations, 1983 (the Regulations) (see Appendlx-5).
36. Regulation 4 (2) provides two procedures covering two different kinds of vacancies. The management is required to send details of the vacancies by May 31st preceding the year of recruitment, i.e., to say preceding the academic year in which the vacancy is likely to occur to the Commission with a copy to the Director. This covers regular vacancies. The management is also required to send details of any vacancy which has occurred in any academic session or after such requisition had been sent within 15 days of the occurrence of the vacancy. This covers the non-regular (unforeseen) vacancies.
37. Counsel for Dr. Kamboj submitted that:
. No appointment under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act can be made unless that vacancy is advertised.
. Dr. Yadav cannot be appointed as the principal of the Bareilly College as this vacancy was not advertised.
. Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act applies to those cases where a selected candidate does not join the post due to death, resignation or otherwise.
38. The counsel for Dr. Yadav submits that :
. Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act provides appointments on non-regular vacancies that are not advertised.
. In case it is held that appointment under Section 13 (4) is to be preceded by an advertisement, then the words 'and such vacancy has not been notified by the commission' used in Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act will become redundant and such interpretation should not be adopted.
. Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act covers all those cases of non-regular vacancies that could not be notified to the Commission.
. The appointment of Dr. Yadav under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act is legal.
39. Section 14 of the Commission Act (see Appendix-1) defines duties of the management. Under Section 14 (1) of the Commission Act the management is required to appoint the person whose name has been nominated within a month.
40. Section 14 (2) of the Commission Act covers cases where such a person fails to join. This could be for any reason ; it could be due to his death or resignation before joining or his disinclination to join that college. Such eventuality is covered by Section 14 (2) of the Commission Act, and not by Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act, and the Director is required to send a name from the select list in accordance with Section 13 (1) of the Commission Act. It is not correct to say that Section 13 (4) of the Act applies in case selected candidate does not join the post. In such event Section 14 (2) and not Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act, is applicable.
41. The counsel for Dr. Kamboj submitted that in case the post of a principal of a degree college is not advertised then senior teacher of that college may not apply and in case appointment is made under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act without advertising the vacancy, then the senior teachers would be deprived of their chances to be considered as the principal of that college as is the case here.
42. According to the counsel for Dr. Yadav the aforesaid reason should not be a ground for not permitting appointment of a selected candidate. According to them Section 13 (4) is applicable to the principal as well as to a teacher. In case no appointment can be made for the post of principal unless it is advertised, then no appointment can be made to the post of a teacher unless it is advertised. They submit that ; imagine a situation where there is one teacher in a subject in a degree college and he dies, then it cannot be filled up by another teacher of the same subject, though selected teachers in that subject are available. They further submit that in case appointment in such a situation is not made, then the students of the degree college will suffer and this can never be the intention of Legislature. According to them :
. Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act is enacted in order to undo the greater injustice that might occasion to the students than some prejudice to the senior teachers.
. To wait for vacancies to be notified to the Commission and selection of a teacher, when selected teachers are already available, would not only cause great hardship to the students, but would render part of Section 13 (4) redundant and this could never be the intention of the Legislature.
43. The counsel for Dr. Kamboj brought to our notice observations made in paragraphs 71 and 72 of the decision in Radha Raizada v. Committee of Management (the Radha Raizada case) and submitted that similar argument regarding single teacher in a secondary school was considered, and this should not detain us. This is not correct.
44. In the Radha Raizada case aforesaid submission was raised to permit the management to make ad hoc appointment. This was rejected in paragraphs 71 and 72 of the Radha Raizada case. Here the question is not whether management can make ad hoc appointments, but whether a candidate already selected by the Commission can be appointed in view of Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act. There was no provision similar to Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act in the Acts relevant in that case. The observations in paragraphs 71 and 72 of the Radha Raiza case are not relevant here.
45. The point raised on behalf of Dr. Yadav is interesting and we could have considered it in greater detail but for the following observation of the Supreme Court in the Sharma case :
'Of course, the filling of vacancies under Sub-section (4) of Section 13 on the vacancies already advertised arises only in case the person does not join or on account of death or resignation or person after joining, becomes invalid of such unforeseen circumstances. In other words, all the circumstances have to be within the vacancies already advertised and not beyond it. The sphere of Sub-section (4) of Section 13 is within the vacancies for which the Commission took interview or the examination, as the case may be, under Sub-section (1) of Section 13. Sub-section (2) which says that the list so prepared shall be valid till the receipt of a new list from the commission only means that in case there is delay in the next new list and any vacancy occurs on account of the unforeseen reason within the vacancies advertised, the said vacancy can be filled up under Sub-section (4) of Section 13.'
46. The counsel for Dr. Yadav submitted that in the case of Kamlesh Kumar Sharma (supra), the Court was considering appointment under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act on a regular vacancy on the retirement of a principal and not on a non-regular (unforeseen) vacancy and observations of the Supreme Court are obiter ; not binding upon us. They further submitted that observation made in the Sharma case should be confined to a case of regular vacancy and should not be made applicable to non-regular (unforeseen) vacancy as the present case.
47. It is correct that in the Sharma case the Supreme Court was not concerned with non-regular vacancy as is the case here. Nevertheless this is considered observation of the Supreme Court ; it is the law declared by the Supreme Court and is binding upon us under Article 141 of the Constitution. (Kindly see Director of Settlements v. M.R. Apparao, (2002) 4 SCC 638 and Ambika Prasad v. State of U.P., AIR 1980 SC 1762.)
48. In view of the Supreme Court decision in the Sharma case, Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act will come into operation in those cases where a post becomes vacant during validity of the select list after a selected candidate joins the post. This vacancy could be any unforeseen cause. A vacancy--that was neither advertised, nor in respect of which any selection was held--cannot be filled up under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act. In this case the post was not advertised ; no selection was made for the post, it had not become vacant after any selected candidates joined the post. Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act can neither come to the rescue of Dr. Yadav, nor can he be appointed as principal of the College under Section 13 (4) of the Act.
49. We have already held that appointments over long leave vacancy is to be made under the Commission Act and in view of Sharma case this can be done only after advertising the vacancy. We have also held that ad hoc appointment cannot be made by the management. Then what should be done till regular appointment is made?
50. The Bareilly College should have a principal otherwise interest of students will be Jeopardised. Statute 11.20 of the Rohilkhand University (see Appendix-4) provides that senior most teacher be appointed as officiating principal till regular selection is made. There is nothing to indicate that it is impliedly repealed or is contrary to any provision of the Commission Act ; it will apply to the facts of this case. The appointment of the officiating principal should be made in accordance with it.
CONCLUSION
51. Our conclusions are as follows :
(a) The Commission Act deals with permanent as well as temporary vacancies caused by long leave (leave more than 10 months). An appointment over such vacancy is to be made under the Commission Act and not under Section 31 (3) (a) of the State Universities Act.
(b) The appointment under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act cannot be made on a vacancy that is a regular vacancy or is known in advance for example which arises due to retirement. Every regular vacancy has to be communicated to the Commission, advertised and only then selection can be made.
(c) In view of the Supreme Court decision in the Sharma case, Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act will come into operation In those cases where a post becomes vacant during validity of the select list after a selected candidate joins the post. This vacancy could be due to any unforeseen cause. A vacancy--that was neither advertised nor in respect of which any selection was held--cannot be filled up under Section 13 (4) of the Commission Act.
(d) Ad hoc appointments cannot be made under the Commission Act. However, there is nothing to indicate that Statute 11.20 of the Rohilkhand University is impliedly repealed or is contrary to any provision of the Commission Act. The appointment of the officiating principal may be made in accordance with it, till regularly selected candidate joins the post.
52. In view of our conclusions :
(a) Civil Misc. Writ Petition No. 7864 of 2003, Dr. Somesh Yadav v. Director Higher Education, for quashing of the order dated 6.2.2003 of the Director and for appointment of Dr. Yadav as principal of the Bareilly College is dismissed. However, in case the select list dated 9.4.1997 is still valid and there is still any vacancy in any college reserved for O.B.C. candidate that was notified before the selections were held then Dr. Yadav may be appointed on any one of them in accordance with law.
(b) A vacancy on the post of principal of the Bareilly College has occurred due to grant of leave of more than 10 months to the permanent principal. The management of the Bareilly College may intimate it to the Commission and the Director, if it has already not been notified. In case the management fails to do so then the Commission should require the Director to notify the vacancy under Section 4 (3) of the U.P. Higher Education Services Commission (Procedure for Selection of Teachers) Regulations, 1983. It may be advertised and regular appointment be made till the vacancy lasts.
(c) The Writ Petition No. 42414 of 2002, Dr. Prakash Chandra Kamboj v. Director, Higher Education is disposed of with the observation that appointment of officiating principal in the Bareilly College be made in terms of Statute 11.20 of the Rohilkhand University till regular selected candidates joins the post or the permanent principal rejoins the Bareilly College.
APPENDIX-1
Relevant part of relevant sections ofthe U.P. Higher Education ServicesCommission Act, 1980 are as follows :
2. Definitions.--In this Act :
(a) 'appointment' in relation to a teacher does not include an appointment under Sub-section (3) of Section 31 of the Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act, 1973 ;
..........................................
(g) other words used and not defined in this Act but defined in the Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act, 1973, shall have the meaning respectively assigned to them in that Act.
12. Procedure for appointment of teachers.--(1) Every appointment as a teacher of any college shall be made by the management in accordance with the provisions of this Act and every appointment made in contravention thereof shall be void.
(2) The management shall intimate the existing vacancies and the vacancies likely to be caused during the course of the ensuing academic year, to the Director at such time and in such manner, as may be prescribed.
Explanation.--The expression 'academic year' means the period of 12 months commencing on July 1.
(3) The Director shall notify to the Commission at such time and in such manner as may be prescribed a subject wise consolidated list of vacancies intimated to him from all colleges.
(4) The manner of selection of persons for appointment to the post of teachers of a college shall be such as may be determined by regulations :
Provided that the Commission shall with a view to inviting talented persons give wide publicity in the State to the vacancies notified to it under Sub-section (3) :
Provided further that the candidates shall be required to indicate their order of preference for the various colleges vacancies wherein have been advertised.
Section 13 as was originally enacted was as follows :
Section 13. Recommendation of the Commission. -- (1) The Commission shall, as soon as possible, after the notification of vacancies under Sub-section (2) of Section 12, hold interview (with or without examination) of the candidates, and recommend the names of not more than three candidates for appointment to every post of a teacher, such names shall be arranged in order of preference.
(2) Where the candidates referred to in Sub-section (1) fail to join the post or where they are otherwise not available for appointment, the Commission may, on the request of the management recommend up to two more names of persons found suitable on the basis of the examination or interview held under the said subsection.
(3) Every recommendation of the Commission under Sub-section (1) or Sub-section (2) shall be valid for a period of one year from the date of such recommendation.
Section 13 as it stands today is as follows :
13. Recommendation of Commission.--(1) The Commission shall, as soon as possible, after the notification of vacancies to it under Sub-section (3) of Section 12, hold interview (with or without examination) of the candidates and send to the Director a list recommending such number of names of candidates found most suitable in each subject as may be, so far as practicable, twenty-five per cent more than the number of vacancies in that subject. Such names shall be arranged in order of merit shown in the interview, or in the examination and interview if an examination is held.
(2) The list sent by the Commission shall be valid till the receipt of a new list from the Commission.
(3) The Director shall having due regard in the prescribed manner, to the order of preference if any indicated by the candidates under the second proviso to Sub-section (4) of Section 2, intimate to the management the name of a candidate from the list referred to in Sub-section (1) for being appointed in the vacancy intimated under sub section (2) of Section 12.
(4) Where a vacancy occurs due to death, resignation or otherwise during the period of validity of the list referred to in Sub-section (2), and such vacancy has not been notified to the Commission under Sub-section (3) of Section 12 the Director may intimate to the management the name of a candidate from such list for appointment in such vacancy.
(5) Notwithstanding anything in the preceding provisions, where due to abolition of any post of teacher in any college, services of the person substantively appointed to such post is terminated, the State Government may make suitable order for his appointment in suitable vacancy, whether notified under Sub-section (3) of Section 12 or not, in any other college, and thereupon the Director shall intimate to the management accordingly.
(6) The Director shall send a copy of the intimation made under Sub-section (3) or Sub-section (4) or Sub-section (5) to the candidate concerned.
14. Duty of Management.--(1) The management shall, within a period of one month from the date of receipt of intimation under Sub-section (3) or Sub-section (4) or Sub-section (5) of Section 13, issue appointment letter to the person whose name has been intimated.
(2) Where the person referred to in Sub-section (1) fails to join the post within the time allowed in the appointment letter or within such extended time as the management may allow in this behalf, or where such person is otherwise not available for appointment, the Director shall, on the request of the management intimate fresh name from the list sent by the Commission under Sub-section (1) of Section 13 in the manner prescribed.
APPENDIX-2
Relevant part of relevant sections of the U.P. State Universities Act, 1973are as follows :
Section 2 (18) : 'teacher' means a person employed [for imparting instruction or guiding or conducting research the University or in an institute or in a constituent, affiliated or associated college and includes a Principal or a Director.
31. Appointment of teachers :
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(3) (a) In the case of teacher of the University other than a professor, the Vice-Chancellor in consultation with the Dean of the Faculty and the Head of the Department concerned and an expert nominated by the Chancellor in that behalf and in the case of a teacher of an affiliated or associated college, the management in consultation with an expert nominated by the Vice-Chancellor in that behalf may make officiating appointment in a vacancy caused by the grant of leave to an incumbent for a period not exceeding ten months without reference to the Selection Committee, but shall not fill any other vacancy or post likely to last for more than six months without such reference.
APPENDIX-3
Paragraph 2 of U.P. Higher Education Services Commission (Removal ofDifficulties) Order, 1982 is as follows :
2. Vacancies in which ad hoc appointments can be made and eligibility for appointment.--(1) The management of a college may appoint a teacher on purely ad hoc basis, in accordance with the provisions of this Order, in the vacancies occurring in any of the following manner, namely :
(i) creation of a new post ;
(ii) suspension, removal or dismissal of a teacher ;
(iii) resignation or death of a teacher ;
(iv) a teacher going on leave for a period of more than ten months ;
(v) a teacher proceeding on 'teachers fellowship' under any scheme of University Grants Commission or any other body.
(2) The candidates to be appointed under paragraph (1) must possess the prescribed minimum qualification.
APPENDIX-4
Universities First Statutes (Age of Superannuation, scales of pay andqualifications of Teachers), 1975
3. Age of superannuation of teachers. -- (1) Subject to the provisions of Statutes 4, 5, 6 and 7, the age of superannuation of a teacher governed by the new scale of pay shall be sixty years.
(2) The age of superannuation of teachers not governed by the new scales of pay shall, subject to Statute 7, be sixty years.
(3) No extension in service beyond the age of superannuation shall be granted to any teacher after the date of commencement of these Statutes :
Provided that if the date of superannuation of a teacher does not fall on June 30, the teacher shall continue in service till the end of the academic session, i.e., June 30 following and he will be treated as on re-employment from the date immediately following the date of his superannuation till June 30 following.
Statutes 11.20 of the Rohilkhand University is as follows :
11.20. When the office of the Principal of an affiliated college falls vacant, the management may appoint any teacher to officiate as Principal for a period of three months or until the appointment of a regular Principal, whichever is earlier. If on or before the expiry of the period of three months, any regular Principal is not appointed, or such a Principal does not assume office the senior-most teacher in the college shall officiate as Principal of such college until a regular principal is appointed,
APPENDIX-5
The relevant part of rules and regulations are as follows :
U.P. Higher Education Service Commission Rules, 1981
7. Intimation of vacancies (Section 32).--The management of the college shall so far as practicable determine and intimate to the Commission in Form-1, the number of vacancies to be filled in by recruitment during the course of the year by May 31, each year.
U. P. Higher Education Services Commission (Procedure for Selection of Teachers) Regulations, 1983
4. Determination and intimation of vacancies.--(1) The management shall determine and intimate to the Commission in the proforma, given in Appendix Form 1 to the Uttar Pradesh Higher Education Services Commission Rules, 1981 and in the manner hereinafter specified, the vacancies existing or likely to fall vacant during the year of recruitment.
(2) The statement of vacancies shall be sent by the Management to the Commission by May 31, preceding the year of recruitment with a copy to the Director and where the vacancy has occurred during the session or after the requisition has already been sent within 15 days of the occurrence of the vacancy :
Provided that where the Commission is satisfied that there are sufficient reasons for doing so, it may with the approval of the Government, relax or modify the time schedule in respect of any year generally or in respect of any particular college.
(3) Where the Management has failed to notify the vacancy or the vacancies by the specified date or in the manner prescribed, the Commission may require the Director to notify the vacancy and the vacancy so notified shall be deemed to be notified by the Management.