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Indian Evidence Act 1872 Section 4

Title: "may Presume"

State: Central

Year: 1872

Whenever it is proved by this Act that Court may presume a fact, it may either regard such fact as proved, unless and until it is disproved, or may call for proof of it. "Shall presume".Whenever it is directed by this Act that the Court shall presume a fact, it shall regard such fact as proved, unless and until it is disproved. "Conclusive proof.When one fact is declared by this Act to be conclusive proof of another, the Court shall, on proof of the one fact, regard the other as proved, and shall not allow evidence to be given for the purpose of disproving it.

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Section 114

Title: Court May Presume Existence of Certain Facts

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....to have happened, regard being had to the common course of natural events, human conduct and public and private business, in their relation to the facts of the particular case. Illustrations The Court may presume (a) That a man who is in possession of stolen goods soon after the theft is either the theft or has received the goods knowing them to be stolen, unless he can account for his possession; (b) That an accomplice is unworthy of credit, unless he is corroborated in material particulars; (c) That a bill of exchange, accepted or endorsed, was accepted or endorsed for good consideration; (d) That a thing or stale of things which has been shown to be in existence within a period shorter than that within which such things or slate of things usually cease to exist, is still in existence; (e) That judicial and official acts have been regularly performed. (f) That the common course of business has been followed in particular cases; (g) That evidence which could be and is not produced would, if produced, be unfavourable to the person who withholds it; (h) That if a man refuses to answer a question which he is not compelled to answer by law, the answer, if given.....

Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 Section 42

Title: Weight or Measure of the First Category to Be Presumed to Be Correct Throughout the Territory of India

State: Central

Year: 1976

.....first category has lost its accuracy in transit or has, for any other reason, ceased to conform to the standards of weight or measure established by or under this Act, he may, for reasons to be recorded by him in writing, and communicated to the Controller of the transferor State, through the Controller of the transferee State (a) verify such weight or measure; and (b) if, on verification, such weight or measure is found to be inaccurate (i) cause such adjustment as is necessary to be made so as to make it conform to the standards established by or under this Act, or (ii) where he is of opinion that such adjustment is not possible, reject it and obliterate the stamp thereon: Provided further that where any verification, adjustment or obliteration is made in exercise of the powers conferred by the foregoing proviso, no fee shall be charged for such verification, adjustment or obliteration. (2) In computing the time when the re-verification of a weight or measure of the first category shall become due in the transferee State, the period during which such weight or measure remains unsold or undistributed in the transferee State, shall be excluded.

Indian Succession Act, 1925 Section 188

Title: Circumstances in Which Knowledge or Waiver is Presumed or Inferred

State: Central

Year: 1925

(1) Such knowledge or waiver of inquiry shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be presumed if the legatee has enjoyed for two years the benefits provided for him by the Will without doing any act to express dissent. (2) Such knowledge or waiver of inquiry may be inferred from any act of the legatee which renders it impossible to place the persons interested in the subject-matter of the bequest in the same condition as if such act had not been done. Illustration A bequeaths to B an estate to which C is entitled, and to C a coal mine. C takes possession of the mine and exhausts it. He has thereby confirmed the bequest of the estate to B.

Karnataka Pawnbrokers Act, 1961 Section 8

Title: Person Producing Pawn--ticket Presumed to Be Entitled to Redeem the Pledge

State: Karnataka

Year: 1961

(1) The holder for the time being of a pawn--ticket shall be presumed to be the person entitled to redeem the pledge, and subject to the provisions of this Act, every pawnbroker shall on payment of the principal and interest, deliver the pledge to the person producing the pawn--ticket, and he is hereby indemnified for so doing. (2) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, a pawnbroker shall not be bound to deliver back a pledge unless the pawn--ticket for it is delivered to him.

Indian Evidence Act, 1872 Complete Act

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....to another when the one is connected with the other in any of the ways referred to in the provisions of this Act relating to the relevancy of facts. "Facts in issue" " The expression "facts in issue" means and includes " any fact from which, either by itself or in connection with other facts, the existence, non-existence, nature or extent of any right, liability, or disability, asserted or denied on any suit or proceeding, necessarily follows. Explanation - Whenever, under the provisions of the law for the time being in force relating to Civil Procedure, any Court records an issue of fact, the fact to be asserted or denied in the answer to such issue is a fact in issue. Illustrations A is accused of the murder of B. At his trial the following facts may be in issue:- That caused A B's death; That A intended to cause Bs' death; That A had received grave and sudden provocation from B; That A, at the time of doing the act which caused B's death, was, by reason of unsoundness of mind, incapable of knowing its nature. "Documents" " "Documents" means any matter expressed of described upon any substance by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means,.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Part 2

Title: On Proof

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....the facts admitted to be proved otherwise than by such admission. INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT 1872Chapter 4 - OF ORAL EVIDENCE Section 59 - Proof of facts by oral evidence All facts, except the 1 [contents of documents or electronic records], may be proved by oral evidence. _____________________ 1. Substituted by Act 21 of 2000, section 92 and Schedule II, for "contents of documents" (w.e.f. 17-10-2000). Section 60 - Oral evidence must be direct Oral evidence must, in all cases whatever, be direct; that is to say-- If it refers to a fact which could be seen, it must be the evidence of a witness who says he saw it; If it refers to a fact which could be heard, it must be the evidence of a witness who says he heard it; If it refers to a fact which could be perceived by any other sense or in any other manner, it must be the evidence of a witness who says he perceived it by that senseor in that manner; If it refers to an opinion or to the grounds on which that opinion is held, it must be the evidence of the person who holds that opinion on those grounds: Provided that the opinions of experts expressed in any treatise commonly offered for sate, and the grounds on.....

Indian Evidence Act 1872 Chapter 5

Title: Of Documentary Evidence

State: Central

Year: 1872

.....may be, of the Crown Representative]; (2) The proceedings of the Legislatures,-- by the journals of those bodies respectively, or by published Acts or abstracts, or by copies purporting to be printed3[by order of the Government concerned]; (3) Proclamations, orders or regulations issued by4[Her Majesty] or by the Privy Council, or by any department of4[Her Majesty's] Government,- by copies or extracts contained in the London Gazette, or purporting to be printed by the Queen's printer; (4) the acts of the Executive or the proceedings of the Legislature of a foreign country,-- by journals published by their authority, or commonly received in that country as such, or by a copy certified under the seal of the country or sovereign, or by a recognition thereof in some5[Central Act]; (5) The proceedings of a municipal body in6[a State], by a copy of such proceedings, certified by the legal keeper thereof, or by a printed book purporting to be published by the authority of such body; (6) Public documents of any other class in a foreign country,-- by the original, or by a copy certified by the legal keeper thereof, with a certificate under the seal of a Notary.....

The Orissa Tenancy Act, 1913 Complete Act

State: Orissa

Year: 1913

.....Puri and Balasore in the State of Orissa, except any area or part of an area which is constituted as a Municipality under the Bengal Municipal Act, 1884 (Bengal Act III of 1884), and which is specified in this behalf by notification issued by the State Government. Section 2 - Repeal The enactments specified in Schedule I are hereby repealed in the area to which this Act extends. Section 3 - Definitions (1) In this Act, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context (1) "agricultural year" means the year commencing on the first day of Baisakh of the Oriya year; Provided that the first agricultural year shall be deemed to commence on the first day of Baisakh following the date of the commencement of this Act; (2) "bazyaftidar" means a person holding lands the title to hold which upon special terms was declared invalid by the Cuttack Land Revenue Regulation, 1805 (XII of 1805), the Bengal Land Revenue Assessment (Resumed Lands) Regulation, 1819 (II of 1819) or the Bengal Revenue-free Lands Regulation, 1825 (XIV of 1825) and which have been assessed, in the course of a settlement of land-revenue, at a rent fixed for the term of that settlement; and.....

The Madras Estates Land Act, 1908 Complete Act

State: Kerala

Year: 1908

THE MADRAS ESTATES LAND ACT, 1908 THE MADRAS ESTATES LAND ACT, 1908 [Act No. 1 of 1908] PREAMBLE An Act to declare and amend the law relating to the holding of land in estates in the Presidency of Madras. WHEREAS it is expedient to amend and declare the Law relating to the holding of land in estates in the Presidency of Madras; It is hereby enacted as follows:- Chapter I - PRELIMINARY THE MADRAS ESTATES LAND ACT, 1908 [Act No. 1 of 1908] PREAMBLE An Act to declare and amend the law relating to the holding of land in estates in the Presidency of Madras. WHEREAS it is expedient to amend and declare the Law relating to the holding of land in estates in the Presidency of Madras; It is hereby enacted as follows:- Section 1 - Short title, Commencement, Local extent This Act may be called the Madras Estates Land Act, 1908: It shall come into force on the first day of July 1908: and it shall extend to the whole of the Presidency of Madras except the Presidency Town, the district of Malabar and the portion of the Nilgiri district known as the South East Wynaad. Section 2 - Repeal Madras Acts VIII of 1865 and II of 1871 and section 7 of Madras Act.....