Title : Definitions of Express and Implied Authority
State : Central
Year : 1872
An authority is said to be express when it is given by words spoken or written. An authority is said to be implied when it is to be inferred from the circumstances of the case; and things spoken or written, or the ordinary course of dealing, may be accounted circumstances of the case. Illustration A owns a shop in Serampur, living himself in Calcutta, and visiting the shop occasionally. The shop is managed by B, and he is in the habit of ordering goods from C in the name of A for the purposes of the shop, and of paying for them out of A's funds with A's knowledge. B has an implied authority from A to order goods from C in the name of A for the purposes of the shop. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : Extend of Agents Authority
State : Central
Year : 1872
An agent having an authority to do an act, has authority to do every lawful thing which is necessary in order to do such act. An agent having an authority to carry on a business, has authority to do every lawful thing necessary for the purpose, or usually done in the course, of conducting such business. Illustration (a) A is employed by B, residing in London, to recover at Bombay a debt due to B. A may adopt any legal process necessary for the purpose of recovering the debt, and may give a valid discharge for the same. (b) A constitutes B his agent to carry on his business of a shipbuilder. B may purchase timber and other materials, and hire workmen, for the purpose of carrying on the business. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : Agents Authority in an Emergency
State : Central
Year : 1872
An agent has authority, in an emergency, to do all such acts for the purpose of protecting his principal from loss as would be done by a person of ordinary prudence, in his own case, under similar circumstances. Illustration (a) An agent for sale may have goods repaired if it be necessary. (b) A consigns provisions to B at Calcutta, with directions to send them immediately to C, at Cuttack. B may sell the provisions at Calcutta, if they will not bear the journey to Cuttack without spoiling. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : When Agent Cannot Delegate
State : Central
Year : 1872
An agent cannot lawfully employ another to perform acts which he has expressly or impliedly undertaken to perform personally, unless by the ordinary custom of trade a sub-agent may, or, from the nature of the agency, a sub-agent must, be employed. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : Sub-agent Defined
State : Central
Year : 1872
A sub-agent is a person employed by, and acting under the control of, the original agent in the business of the agency. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : Representation of Principal by Sub-agent Properly Appointed
State : Central
Year : 1872
Where a sub-agent is properly appointed, the principal is, so far as regards third persons, represented by the sub-agent, and is bound by and responsible for his acts, as if he were an agent originally appointed by the principal. Agent's responsibility for sub-agent.--The agent is responsible to the principal for the acts of the sub-agent. Sub-agent's responsibility.The sub-agent is responsible for his acts to the agent, but not to the principal, except in case of fraud or wilful wrong. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : Agents Responsibility for Sub-agent Appointed Without Authority
State : Central
Year : 1872
Where an agent, without having authority to do so, has appointed a person to act as a sub-agent, the agent stands towards such person in the relation of a principal to an agent, and is responsible for his acts both to the principal and to third persons; the principal is not represented by or responsible for the acts of the person so employed, nor is that person responsible to the principal. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : Relation Between Principal and Person Duly Appointed by Agent to Act in Business of Agency
State : Central
Year : 1872
Where an agent, holding an express or implied authority to name another person to act for the principal in the business of the agency, has named another person accordingly, such person is not a sub-agent, but an agent of the principal for such part of the business of the agency as is entrusted to him. Illustration (a) A directs B, his solicitor, to sell his estate by auction, and to employ an auctioneer for the purpose. B names C, an auctioneer, to conduct the sale. C is not a sub-agent, but is A's agent for the conduct of the sale. (b) A authorizes B, a merchant in Calcutta, to recover the moneys due to A from C & Co. B instructs D, a solicitor, to take legal proceedings against C & Co. for the recovery of the money. D is not a sub-agent, but is solicitor for A. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : Agents Duty in Naming Such Person
State : Central
Year : 1872
In selecting such agent for his principal, an agent is bound to exercise the same amount of discretion as a man of ordinary prudence would exercise in his own case; and, if he does this, he is not responsible to the principal for the acts or negligence of the agent so selected. Illustration (a) A instructs B, a merchant, to buy a ship for him. B employs a ship-surveyor of good reputation to choose a ship for A. The surveyor makes the choice negligently and the ship turns out to be unseaworthy and is lost. B is not, but the surveyor is, responsible to A. (b) A consigns goods to B, a merchant, for sale. B, in due course, employs an auctioneer in good credit to sell the goods of A, and allows the auctioneer to receive the proceeds of the sale. The auctioneer afterwards becomes..... View Complete Act List Judgments citing this sectionTitle : Right of Person as to Acts Done for Him Without His Authority. Effect of Ratification
State : Central
Year : 1872
Where acts are done by one person on behalf of another, but without his knowledge or authority, he may elect to ratify or to disown such acts. If he ratify them, the same effects will follow as if they had been performed by his authority. View Complete Act List Judgments citing this section