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Romanism

The tenets of the Church of Rome the Roman Catholic religion...

Jus, law, right, equity, authority, and rule.A Roman 'magistratus' generally did not investigate the facts in dispute in such matters as were brought before him; he appointed a judex for that purpose, and gave him instructions. Accordingly, the whole procedure was expressed by the two phrases Jus and Judicium; of which the former comprehended all that took place before the magistratus (in jure), and the latter all that took place before the judex (in judicio). Originally, even the magistratus was called judex, as, for instance, the consul and pr'tor (Liv. iii. 55); and under the empire the term 'judex' often designated the pr'ses, Smith's Dict. of Antiq.All law jus) is distributed into two parts--Jus Gentium and Jus Civile--and the whole body of law peculiar to any state is its Jus Civile (Cic. De Orat. I. 44). The Roman Law, therefore, which is peculiar to the Roman state, is its Jus Civile, sometimes called Jus Civile Romanorum, but more frequently designated by the term Jus Civile o...

jus gentium

jus gentium [Latin, literally, law of nations] : a body of law recognized by nations that is binding and governs their relations with each other : international law called also law of nations NOTE: In Roman law jus gentium referred to the rules and laws that were common to the various nations or peoples under the Roman empire and were used in cases between non-Roman citizens or between a Roman and a non-Roman citizen. ...

Jesuits

Jesuits, members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order, founded in 1534 by Ignatius Loyola and confirmed by a Bull of Paul III. in 1540, its main object being to stem the tide of the Reformation by active propaganda. The Roman Catholic Relief Act, 1829 (10 Geo. 4, c. 7), by ss. 28-37, rendered Jesuits liable to banishment on conviction on indictment from the United Kingdom, and an attempt was made in 1902 to enforce the Act. See Law Journal Newspaper, 1st Feb., 1902, for judgment of Mr. Kennedy at the Marlborough Street Police Court on refusing a summons, and R. v. Kennedy, (1902) 86 LT 753, in which the High Court held that they had to jurisdiction to compel Mr. Kennedy to issue the summons; the sections were virtually a dead letter [Re Smith, (1914) 1 Ch 937], and are now repealed as to Great Britain by the Roman Catholic Relief Act, 1926 (16 & 17 Geo. 5, c. 55). See ROMAN CATHOLICS....

VerbarNe Temere

A decree of the Congregation of the Council declaring invalid so far as the laws of the Roman Catholic Church are concerned any marriage of a Roman Catholic or of a person who has ever been a Roman Catholic if not contracted before a duty qualified priest or the bishop of the diocese and at least two witnesses The decree was issued Aug 2 1907 and took effect on Easter Apr 19 1908 The decree by its terms does not affect mixed marriages those between Roman Catholics and persons of another faith in Germany...

canon law

canon law : a body of religious law governing the conduct of members of a particular faith ;esp : the codified church law of the Roman Catholic Church NOTE: Common law has been influenced by canon law in the areas of marriage and inheritance. Roman Catholic canon law, like the civil law, has been modeled on ancient Roman law. The source for Roman Catholic canon law is the Code of Canon Law. The Rudder (Pedalion) is a source for Greek Orthodox canon law. Jewish canon law is contained in the Talmud. ...

Eastern Church

That portion of the Christian church which prevails in the countries once comprised in the Eastern Roman Empire and the countries converted to Christianity by missionaries from them Its full official title is The Orthodox Catholic Apostolic Eastern Church It became estranged from the Western or Roman Church over the question of papal supremacy and the doctrine of the filioque and a separation begun in the latter part of the 9th century became final in 1054 The Eastern Church consists of twelve thirteen if the Bulgarian Church be included mutually independent churches including among these the Hellenic Church or Church of Greece and the Russian Church using the vernacular or some ancient form of it in divine service and varying in many points of detail but standing in full communion with each other and united as equals in a great federation The highest five authorities are the patriarch of Constantinople or ecumenical patriarch whose position is not one of supremacy but of precedence th...

Accession

Accession [fr. accedo, Lat.], addition, arriving at, the commencement of a sovereign's reign; also the absolute or conditional acceptance by a nation of a treaty already concluded between other countries. The accession of a sovereign takes place immediately upon the death of the preceding monarch. See BILL OF RIGHTS.Accession, means property by. The doctrine of property arising from accession is grounded on the right of occupancy, and derived from the Roman Law; thus if any given corporeal substance receive an accession, either by natural or artificial means, as by the growth of vegetables, the pregnancy of animals, the embroidering of cloth, or the conversion of wood or metal into utensils, the original owner of the thing was entitled by his right of possession to the property of it under its improved state; but if the thing itself by such operation was changed into a different species, as by making wine, oil, or bread out of another's grapes, olives, or wheat (specificatio, Lat.), it...

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