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Members of family

Members of family, a son-in-law can be regarded as a member of the family because the word 'family' is not to be construed in a narrow sense or meaning only a member of a Hindu joint family. In Webster's New Word Dictionary one of the meanings of family is 'a group of people related by blood or marriage, relatives'. A person can, therefore, be properly regarded as being the member of his wife's family and not merely of his father's family, S.N. Sudalaimuthu Chettiar v. Palanyindavan, AIR 1966 SC 469 (470): (1966) 1 SCR 450. [Tamil Nadu Cultivating Tenants Protection Act, 1955 (25 of 1955), s. 2(a)]...


Nor

A negative connective or particle introducing the second member or clause of a negative proposition following neither or not in the first member or clause as or in affirmative propositions follows either Nor is also used sometimes in the first member for neither and sometimes the neither is omitted and implied by the use of nor...


Plinth

In classical architecture a vertically faced member immediately below the circular base of a column also the lowest member of a pedestal hence in general the lowest member of a base a sub base a block upon which the moldings of an architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom See Illust of Column...


Answers to questions

Answers to questions, means the answers may be either oral or written, in the House of Commons, if a member does not distinguish his question by an asterisk or if he is not present to ask it etc. the Minister concerned causes an answer to be printed in the official Report; in the event of a discrepancy between the texts of the answers sent to the member and the official Report, the text sent to the member is considered the authentic reply. Parlia-mentary Practice, Erskine May, 22nd Edn., 1997, p. 292, 345.An oral answer is confined to the points contained in the question with such explanation only as would make the answer intelligible; however, a certain latitude is permitted to the Ministers of the Crown by permitting them to read out material and quotations from speeches at question time. Parliamentary Practice - Erskine May, 22nd Edn., 1997, p. 293....


Association, Articles of

Association, Articles of, (see Companies Act, 1929, ss. 6, 11 and 380). This is the formal contract of the members of a company with each other and with the company embodying its regulations for the conduct of the company and its affairs according to its constitution under the Memorandum of Association. In case of conflict the Memorandum is to prevail, Ashbury Railway Carriage Co. v. Riche, (1875) 7 HL 653. The Articles may be altered or added to by special resolution, Companies Act, 1929, s. 10, but not so as to increase a member's liability without his consent in writing to take more shares than subscribed for by him, or to contribute to the share capital, or to pay money to the company, s. 22. Every member is entitled to a copy of the Memorandum and Articles of the company on payment of one shilling or smaller agreed sum. The Memorandum and Articles must be delivered to and retained and registered by the Registrar of Companies, s. 12, and when registered they bind the company and it...


Back Bencher

Back Bencher, is the member of British Parliament or of those based on British pattern who are not among the party leadership, Dictionary of Political Science, Joseph Dunner, (1965), p. 40.Back Bencher is an occupant of a seat in the House of Commons or similar assembly, used for a member not entitled to a front bench seat. The office of the Speaker in the Parliaments of Commonwealth, Philip Laundy & Wilding, p. 33.Back Bencher, neither holds office in Government nor belongs to the inner Councils of the party in opposition, he occupies any but the two front benches in the Chamber, though the member of a party he is generally regarded as being freer to differ from its policy than his colleagues on the front benches. Dictionary of Political Science, Joseph Dunner, (1965); Parliamentary Dictionary, L.A. Abraham & S.C. Hautrey (1956); H.M. Barclay, 3rd Edn., 1970, p. 21....


Incorporated Law Society

Incorporated Law Society, now termed the Law Society, was founded by Mr. Bryan Holme in 1825, and incorporated in 1831 by Royal Charter; this was surrendered for a new Charter in 1845, by which, as amended by Supplemental Charters in 1872, 1903, and 1909, the Society now remains constituted. The Society was incorporated 'to facilitate the acquisition of legal knowledge, and for better and more conveniently discharging the professional duties of the members of the Society,' under the full title of 'The Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, and others not being Barristers practicing in the Courts of Law and Equity of the United Kingdom'; since the charter of 1903 it has been officially (as before them commonly) called 'The Law Society.'The Society first instituted lectures for students in 1833, and was made registrar of attorneys and solicitors in 1843 by the (English) Solicitors Act, 1843 (6 & 7 Vict. c. 73), s. 21.On the decay of the Inns of Chancery, which in their later aspect ...


Industrial and Provident Societies

Industrial and Provident Societies. The (English) Statutes regulating these societies, 25 & 26Vict. c. 87, 30 & 31 Vict. c. 117, and 34 & 35 Vict. c. 80, were consolidated by the Industrial and Provident Societies Act, 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 45), which by s. 6 provided for the registration of societies 'for carrying on any labour, trade, or handicraft, in-cluding the buying or selling of land, of which no member shall claim an interest in the funds exceeding 200l.'This Act was repealed and re-enacted with amend-ment by the (English) Industrial and Provident Societies Act, 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 39), which pro-vides for the registration as an industrial and provident society of any society for carrying on any 'industries, businesses, trades specified in or authorized by its rules, whether wholesale or retail, and including dealings of every description with land,' but enacts that no member other than a registered society shall have any interest in the shares exceeding 200l. and contains...


Trade Boards

Trade Boards. The Trade Boards Act, 1909, as amended by the Trade Boards Act, 1918, applies to certain trades specified in the Schedule, and to such others as are brought within the Act by Order of the Board of Trade or by special Order of the Minister of Labour. The Board of Trade can establish Trade Boards with respect to such trades, and the Boards when established must fix minimum rates for both time work and piecework. Notice must be given of the minimum rates established, and such rates are obligatory on employers, who are placed under penalties if they fail to pay in accordance with such rates. s. 11 gives the constitution and proceedings of Trade Boards under this section:(1) The Board of Trade may make regulations with respect to the constitution of Trade Boards, which shall consist of members representing employers and members representing workers (in this Act referred to as representative members) in equal proportions and of the appointed members. Any such regulations may be...


Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland, that part of Ireland other than the Irish Free State. By the Government of Ireland Act, 1926, s. 1, Northern Ireland consists of six counties: Antrim, Armagh; Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone, including boroughs of Belfast ad Londonderry, with (1) a representation of 13 members (including one from the Queen's University of Belfast) in the Parliament of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland (see IMPERIAL Parliament), and (2) a Parliament of Northern Ireland, consisting of the King, a Senate and a House of Commons. The supreme authority of the Imperial Parliament is preserved. The Royal Assent is given to Bills by the Governor of Northern Ireland. The Senate consists of 24 members, 22 elected by the House of Commons of Northern Ireland, and 2 (as ex-officio members), the Lord Mayor of Belfast and the Mayor of Londonderry. The House of Commons consists of 52 members. Certain legislative powers are reserved for the Imperial Parliament; see ss. 4 et seq. Of the A...



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