Legitime - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: legitime Page: 6Institutions
Institutions. It was the object of Justinian to comprise in his Code and Digest, or Pandects, a complete body of law. But these works were not adapted to the purposes of elementary instruction, and the writings of the ancient jurists were no longer allowed to have any authority, except so far as they had been incorporated in the digest, Smith's Dict. of Antiq. It was therefore necessary to prepare an elementary treatise, and the Institutes were published a month before the Pandects, A.D. 533, and designed as an elementary introduction to legal study (legum cunabula). The work was divided into four books, subdivided into titles.The Institutes are the elements of the Roman Law, and were composed at the command of the Emperor Justinian, by Trebonian, Dorotheus, and The ophilus, who took them from the writings of the ancient lawyers, and chiefly from those of Gaius especially from his Institutes and his books called Aureorum (i.e., of important matters).The Institutes are divided into four...
Illegitimate blood
Illegitimate blood, According to the s. 2(b) Exp. I(b), Relationship in the terminology degrees of prohibited relationship includes illegitimate blood relationship as well as legitimate. [Special Marriage Act, 1954, s. 2(b) Expl. (b)]...
House, Houses
House, Houses, See Special Reference No. 1 of 2002 (In Re Gujarat Assembly Matter, (2002) 8 SCC 237. [Constitution of India, Article 174(1)]As to what will pass under a grant of a 'house,' see St. Thomas's Hospital v. Charing Cross Ry.Co., (1861) 1 J. & H. at p. 404, per Wood, V.-C.; Co. Litt. 5 b. As to a devise of a 'house,' see Theobald on Wills; Jarman on Wills.Malicious injuries to houses by tenants, or by means of explosive substances, are punishable by the Malicious Damage Act, 1861 (24 & 25Vict. c. 97), ss. 9 and 13.'House 'under the Public Health 1936 Act, s. 43, means a dwelling-house, whether private or not; under the Housing Act, 1936, s. 187, includes any yard, garden, outhouses and appurtenances; under the Rent Restriction Acts, 1920-1935, a dwelling-house means a house let as a separate dwelling or a part of a house being a part so let (1933, s. 16); for other definitions, see respective statutes.The word 'house' would in its ordinary sense include any building irrespect...
Hindu
Hindu, The historical and etymological genesis of the word 'Hindu' has given rise to a controversy amongst ideologists; but the view generally accepted by scholars appears to be that the word 'Hindu' is derived from the river Sindhu otherwise known as Indus which flows from the Punjab. 'That part of the great Aryan race', says Monier Williams, 'which immigrated from Central Asia, through the mountain passes into India, settled first in the districts near the river Sindhu (now called the Indus). The Persians pronounced this word Hindu and named their Aryan brethren Hindus. The Greeks, who probably gained their first ideas of India from the Persians, dropped the hard aspirate, and called the Hindus 'Indoi'. ('Hindulsm' by Monler Williams, p.1.)'. The Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. VI, has described 'Hinduism' as the title applied to that form of religion which prevails among the vast majority of the present population of the Indian Empire (p. 686). As Dr. Radhakrishnan has obs...
Gratuity
Gratuity, it is a kind of retirement benefit like the provident fund or pension. At one time it was treated as payment gratuitously made by the employer to his employee at his pleasure but as a result of a long series of decisions of industrial tribunals gratuity has now come to be regarded as a legitimate claim which workmen can make and which, in a proper case, can give rise to an industrial dispute. Gratuity paid to workmen is intended to help them after retirement, whether the retirement is the result of the rules superannuation or of physical disability, Indian Hume Pipe Co. Ltd. v. Workmen, AIR 1960 SC 251: (1960) 2 SCR 32.Gratuity is a retiral benefit and can be earned as a matter of right on fulfilling the conditions subject to which it is earned, any rule conferring absolute discretion not testable on reason, justice or fair play must be treated as utterly arbitrary and unreason-able and discarded, Sudhir Chandra Sarkar v. Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd., AIR 1984 SC 1064 (1071):...
Foster child
Foster child, 'Foster Child' need not be the real legitimate child of the person who brings him up. He is essentially the child of another person but is nursed, reared and brought up by another person as his own son, K.V. Muthu v. Angamuthu Ammal, AIR 1997 SC 628 (632): (1997) 2 SCC 53....
Force majeure
Force majeure, irresistible compulsion, coercion diplomatically recognized as irresistible, Concise Oxford Dict. Compare ACT OF GOD; RESTRAINT OF PRINCES.An event or effect that can be neither anticipated no controlled, Black's Law Dictionary, p. 657.The expression 'force majeure' is not a mere French version of the Latin expression 'vis major'. It is undoubtedly a term of wider import. Difficulties have arisen in the past as to what could legitimately be included in 'force majeure'. Judges have agreed that strikes, breakdown of machinery, which, though normally not included in 'vis major' are included in 'force majeure'. An analysis of rulings on the subject into which it is not necessary in this case to go, shows that where reference is made to 'force majeure', the intention is to save the performing party from the consequences of anything over which he has no control. This is the widest meaning that can be given to 'force majeure', Dhanrajamal Gobindram v. Shamji Kalidas and Co., AI...
For the purpose of the business
For the purpose of the business, the expression 'for the purpose of the business' is essentially wider than the expression 'for the purpose of earning profits.' It covers not only the running of the business or its administration but also measures for the preservation of the business and protection of its assets and property. It may legitimately comprehend many other acts incidental to the carrying on of the business, CIT v. Birla Cotton SPG & WVG Mills Ltd., (1971) 3 SCC 344: AIR 1972 SC 19 (21). [Income-tax Act, 1922, s. 10(2) (xv)]For the purpose of the business, The expression 'for the purpose of the business' is wider in scope than the expression 'for the purpose of earning profits'. Its range is wide: it may take in not only the day to day running of a business but also the rationaliza-tion of its administration and modernization of its machinery; it may include measure for the preservation of the business and for the protection of its assets and property from expropriation, coer...
Morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage. The lawful and inseparable conjunction of a man of noble or illustrious birth with a woman of inferior station, upon condition that neither the wife nor her children shall partake of the titles, arms, or dignity of the husband, or succeed to his inheritance, but be contented with a certain allowed rank assigned to them by the morganatic contract. But since these restrictions relate only to the rank of the parties and succession to property, without affecting the nature of a matrimonial engagement, it must be considered as a just marriage. The marriage ceremony was regularly performed; the union was indissoluble; the children legitimate. This connection was very usual in Europe; but there is not proof that the concubines of Charlemagne and the early kings of France were wives of this description, nor is there occasion to resort to that supposition in defence of their conduct, since the state of concubinage itself was little inferior to this in the public estimation;...
McDonnell Douglas test
McDonnell Douglas test, employment law. The principal for applying a shifting burden of proof in employment-discrimination cases, essentially requiring the plaintiff to come forward with evidence of discrimination and the defendant to come forward with evidence showing that the employment action complained of was taken for non-discriminatory reasons. Under this test, the plaintiff is first required to establish a prima facie case of discrimination, as by showing that the plaintiff is a member of a protected group and suffered an averse employment action. If the plaintiff satisfies that burden, then the defendant must articulate a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for the employment action complained of. If the defendant satisfies that burden, then the plaintiff must prove that the defendant's stated reason is just a pretext for discrimination and that discrimination was the real reason for the employment action, Mc Donnell Douglas Corp v. Green, 411 US 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817 (1973); Bl...
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