Civil Proceeding - Law Dictionary Search Results
Home Dictionary Name: civil proceeding Page: 2Decree
Decree [fr. decretum, Lat.], an edict, a law.The term was also used for the judgment of a Court of Equity. But by the (English) Judicature Acts, 1873 and 1875, the expression judgment, which was formerly used only in Courts of Common Law, is adopted in reference to the decisions of all Divisions of the Supreme Court, and [(English) Judicature Act, 1925, s. 225, replacing (English) Act of 1873, s. 100] includes decree. See JUDGMENT, and consult Seton on Decrees. In Scotland the judgment of a Court disposing of a case (accent on first syllable).Decree means a formal expression of an adjudication which the Court conclusively and finally determines the rights of the parties with regard to all or any of the matters in controversy in the suit, Deep Chand v. Land Acquisition Officer, (1994) 4 SCC 99: AIR 1994 SC 1901.A decree in invitum is not an instrument securing money or other property; such a decree is a record of the formal adjudication of the Court relating to a right claimed by a part...
Appearance
Appearance, means a coming into court as a party or interested person, or as a lawyer on behalf of a party or interested person, Black Law Dictionary, 7th Edn., p. 95.An appearance may be expressly made by formal written or oral declaration, or record entry, or it may be implied from some act done with the intention of appearing and submitting to the court's jurisdiction. 4 Am. Jur. 2d Appearance 1, at 620 (1995).Means physical appearance and not appearance through advocate, State of West Bengal v. Pranab Ranjan Roy, (1998) 3 SCC 209. [Criminal Procedure Code, 1973, ss. 167(5)(ii), 436 & 437]The word appearance is capable of having different connotations, when it is employed in different contexts. For instance where the summons or the notice issued to a party, at the initial stage, in civil proceedings, requires his appearance, it can certainly be through a recognized agent or counsel, as provided for under sub-rule (1) of Rule 1 of Order III of Civil Procedure Code. However, where the...
Res judicata
Res judicata, a final judgment already decided between the same parties or their privies on the same question by a legally constituted Court having jurisdiction is conclusive between the parties, and the issue cannot be raised again. The judgment may have been given by a foreign Court, Tarleton v. Tarleton, 4 M&S 21. A matter which is res judicata cannot be further gone into; but if the decision was obtained by fraud it can be set aside, Cole v. Langford, (1898) 2 QB 36. Criminal proceedings do not constitute a res judicata as regards civil proceedings arising out of the same facts, Caione v. Palace Shipping Co., (1907) 1 KB 670; and see also Anderson v. Collinson, (1901) 2 KB 107. See ESTOPPEL.When it is said that a previous decision is res judicata, it is meant that the right claimed has been adjudicated upon and cannot again be placed in contest between the same parties. A previous decision of a competent Court on fact which are the foundation of the right and the relevant law appli...
Actio personalis moritur cum persona.
Actio personalis moritur cum persona. A personal action dies with the person, i.e., the right to sue is gone. 'As if battery be done to a man, if he who did the battery or the other die, the action is gone' (Noy, 9th Edn., p. 20). This maxim states the general rule that actions of tort are destroyed by death of either the injured or the injuring party. Besides the statutory exceptions mentioned below, an action may be brought by the personal representatives of a deceased person for injury done to his property in his lifetime. It has also been applied to actions arising out of contracts of a purely personal nature, e.g., promise to marry, Finley v. Chirney, (1880) 20 QBD 494, or to write a book or paint a picture, See Leake on Contracts; Broom's Max.; Twycross v. Grant, (1877) 4 CPD 40; Phillips v. Homfray, (1993) 24 Ch D 439; and Jones v. Simes, (1890) 43 Ch D 607 as to injunction.This rule of the Common Law has been encroached upon by various statutes; by 4 Edw. 3, c. 7, as to trespas...
standard of proof
standard of proof :the level of certainty and the degree of evidence necessary to establish proof in a criminal or civil proceeding [the standard of proof to convict is proof beyond a reasonable doubt] see also clear and convincing, preponderance of the evidence compare burden of proof clear and convincing evidence at evidence, reasonable doubt NOTE: Preponderance of the evidence is the least demanding standard of proof and is used for most civil actions and some criminal defenses (as insanity). Clear and convincing proof is a more demanding standard of proof and is used in certain civil actions (as a civil fraud suit). Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is the most demanding standard and the one that must be met for a criminal conviction. ...
Nolle prosequi
Nolle prosequi (to be unwilling to prosecute) was a proceeding in the nature of an undertaking by the plaintiff when he had misconceived the nature of the action, or the party to be sued, to forbear to proceed in a suit altogether, or as to some part of it, or as to some of the defendants. It differed from a non pros., which put a plaintiff out of Court with respect to all the defendants. See now DISCNTINUANCE. The King by his Attorney-General may enter a nolle prosequi on an information or indictment: this does not operate as a bar to anew indictment. Consult Jac. Law Dict.; Robertson, 'Civil Proceedings.'...
juvenile court
juvenile court : a court that has jurisdiction over juvenile delinquency proceedings or other civil proceedings involving minors or juveniles compare family court ...
testimony
testimony pl: -nies [Latin testimonium, from testis witness] : evidence furnished by a witness under oath or affirmation and either orally or in an affidavit or deposition former testimony : testimony that a witness gives at a different proceeding (as another hearing or a deposition) NOTE: Under Federal Rule of Evidence 804, former testimony is admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule when the declarant is unavailable and if a predecessor in interest in a civil proceeding or the party against whom the testimony is offered had an opportunity and similar motive to develop the testimony. negative testimony : testimony concerning what did not happen ;esp : testimony concerning what one did not perceive [negative testimony that the witness did not hear a train whistle] NOTE: Negative testimony is sometimes accorded the same weight as positive testimony when the witness was in a position to perceive something and was eagerly attentive. opinion testimony : testimony relaying o...
Act of Bankruptcy
Act of Bankruptcy, an act, the commission of which by a debtor renders him liable to be adjudged a bankrupt if the petition is presented within three months thereafter.Under s. 1 of the (English) Bankruptcy Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5, c. 59), any one of the following acts of a debtor is an act of bankruptcy:-(a) Having made an assignment of his property in trust for his creditors generally.(b) Having made a fradulent conveyance, gift, delivery, or transfer of his property, or of any part thereof.(c) Having made a conveyance amounting to a 'fradulent preference.'(d) Having, with intent to defeat or delay his creditors, departed out of England, or being out of England, remained out of England; or having absented himself; or begun to keep house.(e) If execution against him has been levied by seizure of his goods under process in any Court or in any civil proceeding in the High Court, and the goods have been either sold or held by the sheriff for 21 days:Provided that where an interpleader su...
Breach of trust
Breach of trust, a violation of duty by a trustee, executor, or other person in a fiduciary position.In some cases a breach of trust may be a comparatively venial offence, arising from the trustee having honestly misconstrued the deed or will creating the trust either as to the persons entitled, or as to his powers of investment of or dealing with the trust property, or having otherwise erred in the discharge of his strict duty; in other cases he may have been guilty of negligence or carelessness involving at least some degree of moral blame; or, in other cases again, he may have committed some gross fraud. But in all these cases alike the trustee is personally responsible at the suit of the beneficiaries for any loss which may have resulted, and the rules of equity on the subject were extremely strict and were enforced with great severity by the Court of Chancery. In later times, however, the Court was not quite so astute in fixing honest trustees with liability for breach of trust as...
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