Peria Muniyan and anr Vs Peria Payyan and ors - Citation 795761 - Court Judgment

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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- - and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. it is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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madhavan, nair, j.1. defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. this letters patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of uttankarai taluk.2. the plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the vediyappan temple in the village of kallavi. by an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation the turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th january 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. the plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order.....

Judgment:

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 1 => '<p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p>',
	(int) 7 => '<p>'
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Madhavan, Nair, J.

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p>',
	(int) 7 => '<p>'
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1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.

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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p>',
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2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 0 => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.',
	(int) 1 => '<p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p>',
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3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 1 => '<p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p>',
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4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 1 => '<p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p>',
	(int) 7 => '<p>'
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5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 1 => '<p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p>',
	(int) 7 => '<p>'
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6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.

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			'casenote' => ' -  -  and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly:',
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			'judgement' => '<p style="text-align: justify;">Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: justify;">',
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		'judgement' => '<p>Madhavan, Nair, J.</p><p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.</p><p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.</p><p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.</p><p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.</p><p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.</p><p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p></p><p>',
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	(int) 1 => '<p>1. Defendants 1 and 2 are the appellants. This Letters Patent appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the plaintiffs for the cancellations of the order of suspension passed against them and defendants 3 to 5 by defendant 10 as a member of the temple committee of Uttankarai taluk.',
	(int) 2 => '<p>2. The plaintiffs and defendants 1 to 5 are pujaris in the Vediyappan temple in the village of Kallavi. By an arrangement the right of performing the puja has been divided into two turns, defendants 1 and 2 having a turn of one-and-a-half years and the other pujaris having a of turn of two years by rotation The turn of defendants 1 and 2 ended on 26th January 1916, when the turn of plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 started. The plaintiffs alleged that, purporting to be acting under the order passed by defendant 10 suspending them from office, defendants 1 and 2 obstructed them from entering the temple and exercising their functions. Amongst other things, the plaintiffs contended that the temple committee had no jurisdiction over the plaint temple; that the order of suspension is unjustifiable inasmuch as the lands alienated by the plaintiffs and defendants 3 to 5 did not belong to the temple; that the committee had no right to suspend the pujaris directly except through the intervention of the dharmakarthas; and that the order it self was bad as it was not issued on behalf of the entire temple committee. All these contentions were controverted by the defendants. For the purposes of this appeal it is not necessary to state in greater detail the contentions raised by the parties.',
	(int) 3 => '<p>3. The District Munsif dismissed the plaintiff's suit. The Subordinate Judge reversed it and gave the plaintiffs a decree, declaring that the order of suspension is invalid and illegal, and that the plaintiffs shall be placed in possession of 'the pujariship for themselves and on behalf of some of the defendants. By the decree defendants 1 and 2 were also restrained from interfering with the enjoyment of the pujariship by the plaintiffs. As against this decree a second appeal was filed by defendants 1 and 2, but this was dismissed by Krishnan, J., on the preliminary ground, viz., that defendants 1 and 2 have no right of appeal; that the temple committee has not appealed, and that the decree does not affect the turn of management of defendants 1 and 2. The present Letters Patent appeal has been filed by defendants 1 and 2 against the judgment of Krishnan, J.',
	(int) 4 => '<p>4. We think that the learned Judge was wrong in dismissing the second appeal on the preliminary objection. It is clear that there was a decree against defendants 1 and 2 and that they were aggrieved, inasmuch as it disturbed the sole right of pujariship which has accrued to them consequent upon the order of the committee. In our opinion, therefore, defendants 1 and 2 were entitled to non-suit the plaintiffs by sustaining the order of the. committee. Overruling the preliminary objection that no appeal lies at the instance of defendants 1 and 2, we have to see whether the decree of the Subordinate Judge reversing that of the District Munsif is right in law.',
	(int) 5 => '<p>5. It was first argued before us that the Subordinate Judge's conclusion, that the suit temple did not come under the control of the committee is wrong. We have been taken through the evidence in the case on this point and certain decisions were also quoted to us to show that the learned Subordinate Judge misdirected himself in law in examining the evidence relating to this point. It is not necessary for us to discuss this question in detail. Nor is it necessary to consider some of the other arguments which were addressed to us at great length by the learned vakil for ,the appellants, for, in the view that we take of this case, the Letters Patent appeal can be disposed of on a very short ground and it is this: It is undisputed that the order of suspension passed by defendant 10, alleged to be on behalf of the committee, was issued directly to the pujaris. If there are no dharmakarthas in the temple, and the pujaris were themselves dharmakarthas, no exception could be taken to this procedure; but if on the other hand there are dharmakarthas, then the committee has in law no jurisdiction to suspend the pujaris directly without the intervention of such dharmakarthas. Assuming, for purposes of argument, that we accept all the contentions raised by the appellant's vakil if he cannot satisfy us that there were no dharmakarthas in this temple, then this Letters Patent appeal will have to be dismissed. The question is considered by the learned Subordinate Judge in para. 10 of his judgment. The temple servant is under the superintendence and control of the trustee or manager. It is well settled that if the temple committee wants to control the servants of the temple, it can act only through the trustee and not directly: see Seshadri Ayyangar v. Ranga Bhattar [1911] 35 Mad. 631, Tiruvengadath Ayyangar v. Srinivasa Thathachariar [1899] 22 Mad. 361, and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer [1916] 39 Mad. 700. The question is whether the suit temple has trustees, or whether the pujaris themselves are the trustees of the temple as is contended for by the appellants. Apparently it seems to have been conceded in the lower Court that the temple was not without trustees for we do not see any discussion of the evidence on the point in the Subordinate Judge's judgment. However, the evidence in the case suggests that the temple must have been managed by trustees. Exs. 3, 4, 10 and 11 support the argument of the respondents that there must have been trustees in this temple, for we find in them references to a trustee. No doubt, Exs. 7 and 9 refer to pujaris themselves as dharmakarthas, but these are statements by the pujaris. D. W. 5 says that, at the time of an enquiry in the suit temple in connexion with a mahazar, the person supervising the temple affairs was defendant 6. Apparently there must have been a manager apart from the pujaris. To some extent the arguments of the appellants, that the temple committee has superintendence over this temple, also assume the existence of a trustee or manager who looks after the ordinary affairs of the temple. On the whole' we are not inclined to think of the evidence that the suit temple is not without a trustee. The order of suspension, therefore, passed by defendant 10, is illegal and invalid. In this view it is not necessary to express any definite opinion on the various other questions argued before us.',
	(int) 6 => '<p>6. In the result we dismiss this Letters Patent appeal with costs of respondents 1 to 4 and 9 and 10.<p>',
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Subject	Civil
Court	Chennai
Decided On	Mar-08-1928
Reported in	AIR1928Mad854
Appellant	(Peria) Muniyan and anr.
Respondent	(Peria) Payyan and ors.
Cases Referred	and Sitharama Chetty v. S. Subramanaia Iyer

(Peria) Muniyan and anr. Vs. (Peria) Payyan and ors. - Court Judgment